Toxicology - Final Exam (Respiratory Drugs)

Front 1

Name the generic drug used in respiratory pharmacology?

Back 1

Albuterol

Front 2

What class does Albuterol belong to?

Back 2

sympathomimetic

Front 3

What are the actions of Albuterol (2)?

Back 3

1) Agonist for Beta 2 adrenergic receptors
-relaxing bronchial smooth ms ------>broncodilation

2) Minimal cardiac side effects

Front 4

Indications for Albuterol?

Back 4

Treatment of bronchosmasm associated with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.

Front 5

Give 2 contraindications for the use of Albuterol.

Back 5

1) Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetics

2) Tachycardia

Front 6

What are the adverse reactions of albuterol?

Back 6

-excessive use may cause paradoxical bronchospasm & arrhythmias

-tachycardia, palpitations, angina, PVCs, hypotension, and hypertension

Front 7

Name 2 precautions for the use of Albuterol.

Back 7

1) Diabetes

2) Cerebrovascular disease

Front 8

Which drug class does Epinephrine belong to?

Back 8

sympathomimetic/catecholamine

Front 9

What are the actions of Epinephrine?

Back 9

1) Direct effect on alpha & beta adrenergic receptor sites.

2) Alpha: bronchial, arteriolar constriction
Beta 2: bronchial smooth ms relaxation & dilation of skeletal vasculature.

Front 10

Name 2 indications for the use of Epinephrine.

Back 10

1) Cardiac arrest in general

2) Ventricular fibrillation

Front 11

Name a contraindication for the use of Epinephrine.

Back 11

-underlying cardiovascular disease or hypertension

Front 12

Name 3 adverse reactions of Epinephrine.

Back 12

1) Hypertension

2) Ventricular arrhythmias

3) Tachycardia

Front 13

Name 2 precautions when taking Epinephrine.

Back 13

1) cardiovascular disease

2) Do not use with MAOIs or tricyclic antidepressants due to the danger of hypertensive crisis.

Front 14

Name 10 drugs used in Respiratory Pharmacology.

Back 14

1) Albuterol
2) Epinephrine
3) Theophylline
4) Ipratropium (atropine)
5) Prednisone
6) Histamine
7) Pseudoepinephrine
8) Codeine
9) Hydrocodone
10) Diphenhydramine

Front 15

What are the actions of Theophylline?

Back 15

1) Beta 2 agonist: directly relaxes bronchial smooth ms

2) Dilates pulmonary & coronary arterioles, decreasing pulmonary hypertension and increasing coronary blood flow.

Front 16

Name an indication for the use of Theophylline.

Back 16

-relieve bronchospasm

Front 17

Name 2 contraindications for the use of Theophylline.

Back 17

1) Hypersensitivity to xanthene compounds (e.g. caffiene)

2) tachycardia and tachydysrhythmias

Front 18

Name an adverse reaction of Theophylline.

Back 18

-Nausea and vomiting

Front 19

What are 2 precautions when taking Theophylline?

Back 19

1) Hypotension may occur following rapid administration

2) May oppose the effects of beta blockers.

Front 20

Name 2 incompatible/reactions with Theophylline.

Back 20

1) incompatible with most drugs

2) propranolol may increase the effects of the drug

Front 21

Three classes of drugs used for the treatment of asthmas are:

Back 21

1) cough suppressants

2) nasal congestants

3) antihistamines

Front 22

Antiasthmatic medication treatment is aimed to do which 2 things?

Back 22

1) relieve bronchospasm

2) decrease inflammation

Front 23

Name 2 types of antiasthmatic medications.

Back 23

1) sympathomimetics

2) glucocorticoids

Front 24

Name a drug that is a Beta 2 specific agent in respiratory pharmacology.

Back 24

-Albuterol

Front 25

What is the function of Beta 2 specific agents?

Back 25

-to relax bronchiol smooth muscle

Front 26

What is the first line therapy for acute shortness of breath?

Back 26

Albuterol
-beta 2 specific agent

Front 27

Which drug stimulates both beta 1 & beta 2 receptors?

Back 27

Epinephrine

Front 28

Which receptors do nonselective sympathomimetics stimulate?

Back 28

1) beta 1
2) beta 2

Front 29

Which drug is rarely used to treat asthma?

Back 29

Epinephrine
-a nonselective sympathomimetic

Front 30

Which type of drug is used only when other drugs such as beta 2 specific agents are ineffective?

Back 30

Methylxanthines

Front 31

Which type of respiratory drugs block adenosine receptors?

Back 31

methlyxanthines

Front 32

Methylxanthines block which type of receptors?

Back 32

adenosine receptors

Front 33

Name a drug that is an atropine.

Back 33

Ipatropium

Front 34

Name an anticholinergic drug used in respiratory pharmacology.

Back 34

Ipatropium

Front 35

Name a drug that is a muscarinic antagonist.

Back 35

Iptropium

Front 36

What is the most common side effect of Ipratropium?

Back 36

dry mouth

Front 37

Which type of drug has anti-inflammatory properties?

Back 37

glucocorticoids

Front 38

What is the prototype of oral glucocorticoid?

Back 38

prednisone

Front 39

Which type of drugs are often used for PREVENTING asthma in adults and chidren?

Back 39

glucocorticoids

Front 40

What do Leukotriene antagonists do?

Back 40

1) block synthesis of Leukotrienes

2) block leukotriene receptors

Front 41

Leukotriene antagonists contribute powerfully to what (2)?

Back 41

1) inflammation

2) bronchoconstriction

Front 42

What causes nasal congestion?

Back 42

Dilated and engorged nasal capillaries.

Front 43

The main pharmacologic classification of nasal decongestants is?

Back 43

alpha 1 agonists

Front 44

An example of a nasal decongestive agent is?

Back 44

pseudoephedrine

Front 45

What type of receptor does histamine bind with?

Back 45

H1 receptors

Front 46

When histamine binds to H1 receptors, what does it cause(2)?

Back 46

1) Vasodilation

2) Increased capillary permeability

Front 47

In the lungs, what do H1 receptors cause?

Back 47

bronchoconstriction

Front 48

In the gut, what do H2 receptors cause?

Back 48

an increase in gastric acid release

Front 49

What are second generation antihistamines?

Back 49

-agents that do not cross the blood-brain barrier
-do not cause sedation

Front 50

What do antitussives do?

Back 50

suppress cough

Front 51

Antitussives (cough suppressants) include which 2 specific pharmacologic types?

Back 51

1) opiods

2) non-opiods

Front 52

What are the 2 most common opioid antitussives?

Back 52

1) codeine

2) hydrocodone

Front 53

Name a non-opioid antitussive.

Back 53

Diphenhydramine

Front 54

What are intended to increase the productivity of cough?

Back 54

Expectorants

Front 55

What makes mucus more watery and easier to cough up?

Back 55

Mucolytics