Toxicology Exam 1

Front 1

Toxicology

Back 1

the knowledge of poisons including their chemical properties, identification, biologic effects,a nd treatment of disease conditions caused by poisons

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poison

Back 2

any solid, liquid, or gas that when introduced into or applied to the body can interfere with the life processes of cells of the organism by its own inherent qualities without acting mechanically

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toxicosis

Back 3

the disease state that results from exposure to a poison or toxicant

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toxicity

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the amount of a poison that under a specific set of conditions will cause toxic effects (expressed as mg/kg)

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LD50

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amount of toxicant required to produce death in 50% of exposed animals in a given period of time

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acute toxicity

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the effects of a single dose or multiple doses during a 24 hour period

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chronic toxicity

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usually means the effects produced by prolonged exposure to a toxicant, usually 3 + months

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subacute toxicity

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the effects produced by exposure to toxicant of longer than 24 hours but less than 3 months

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hazard

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likelihood of poisoning

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biologic variation

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individualized response to a toxicant, a variation due to the inherent differences in biochemical and membrane properties among animals

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biological magnification

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relatively low background levels of a toxicant become concentrate in higher levels of the food chain

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Parts per million

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a common method for expressing concentrations of toxicants in feeds, water, animal tissues, etc

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lethal synthesis

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the conversion in the body of a relatively non-toxic compound to a toxic compound

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biological chain reaction

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animals may be poisoned by eating other animals poisoned by a toxic compound

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biotoxins

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poisons that originate from biologic processes

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hall of fame toxicant

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toxicants that were very important at a previous time but are seldom encountered today

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Accurate diagnosis is based on what 5 criteria?

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- thorough history

- clinical signs

- postmortem findings

- chemical analyses

- lab animal tests

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management of toxicoses should involve what 6 steps?

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1. institute emergency therapy

2. establish tentative diagnosis

3. institute antidotal procedures and detoxification

4. obtain confirmation of the agent

5. determine the source of the toxicant

6. plan future preventative measures