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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is an animals exposed to copper acutely?
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not common
ingestion of high concentration of copper see signs of severe GI upset including vomiting, colic, hemorrhage, diarrhea, dehydration and shock treat these animals with supportive care |
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What are the sources of chronic copper toxicosis?
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feed additives
natural copper in soils and plants molybdenum is deficient (less than 1-2 ppm) sulfate is unavailable |
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What is the toxicity of copper toxicosis?
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levels of 10-20ppm accumulated for 2-10 weeks especially when molybdenum is deficient
sudden stress can cause loss of copper from liver to the blood |
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What is the mechanism of action of copper toxicosis?
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copper accumulates in the liver and causes liver degeneration and necrosis
release of copper from the liver and excess copper in the blood causes oxidation of erythrocyte membranes increasing their fragility resulting in hemolytic crisis copper also oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin (not O2 carrying) |
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What are the clinical signs of copper toxicosis?
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sudden onset of weakness, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, icterus, hemoglobinuria, fever, dyspnea and shock
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What are the lesions associated with coppper toxicosis?
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icterus
hemolyiss methemoglobinemia the liver is enlarged, yellow and friable kidneys are enlarged, hemorrhagic and friable spleen is enlarged and dark brown to black |
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How do you laboratory diagnose copper toxicosis?
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chemical analysis
-evaluate serum or whole blood -elevated liver and kidney elevated liver enzymes (AST, LDH) 3-6 weeks before a hemolytic crisis |
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What are different diagnoses of copper toxicosis?
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hemolytic agents such as zinc, napthalene, DMSO and guaifenesin
poisonous plants such as onion, gossypol, red maple snake venom infectious disease like lepto, babesia, anaplasma |
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How do you treat/prevent copper toxicosis?
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ammonium tetrathiomolybate
D-penicillamamine molybdenized copper phosphate sprayed on pastures at 4lbs/acre sheep rations should contain Cu/Mo at 6:1 ratio supplemental zinc (250ppm) reduces hepatic copper accumulation |
