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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what cs of bromethaliin
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CNS, hyperthermia
subacute- ascending ataxia, posterior paralsys |
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MOA of bromethalin
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uncouples ox phos especially in CNS
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tx of bromethalin
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emetics (not corrosive), mannitol brain edema, corticosteriods
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red squill
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cardioglcoside- nast poisoning. not made anymore but old ppl might have it cause the freaking keep everthign
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molluscicides
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metaldehide, copper, iron
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molluscides methdehde
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seonsonalit - gardens treated in spring and summer
snail and slug baits oil soluble |
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MOA of metaldehyde
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goes to the brain
largely unknown how but affects seratonin and GABA |
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how long does it take for methaldehye to cause issues
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hours
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c/s of methaldehyde
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hyperesteia without convulsions
NYSAGIMUS muscle tremors, twitches HYPERTHERMIA can lead to convulsions at later time ACIDOSIS SHAKE AND BAKE |
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tx for metaldehyde
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NO ANTIDOTE
gastric/ enterogastric lavage ACTIVATED CHARCOAL sedation with pentobarb or diazepam fluids/ correct acid base |
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A significant necropsy finding in fluoracetate poisoning
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Empty stomach and hindgut
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what does paraquat selectivley attack
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the lungs. type I and type II pneumocytes. selectively accumulate paraquate and fre radical productions.
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what does paraquat kill on plants
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green tissue not bark
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how much paraquat do you need to be fatal. and how long
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about a tsp can last or something for 30 days
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what will inactivate paraquat
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biologically inactive once absorbed by clays or humus in soil
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when do you treat for paraquat poisioning
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you can only do it promptly. if you don't they will be dead
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stage 1 paraquat
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GIT
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dx of paraquat
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dithionite tests blue color Positve paraquat darker hte blue on urine within 24 hours
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treatment of paraquat
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decontamination of eyes and skin
GIT decomtamination with bentonite or fullers earth. activated cahrcolal nearly effective. only lavage if < 1 hour later has the rusk of bleeding perforation or scarring. rpeate adsorbent every 2-4 hours but not repeat cathartic check GIT sounds as diquat can cause ileu |
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what kind of situation is paraquat poisoning
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an overload situation
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what is metaldehyde metabolized into in the stomach
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hydrolyzed to aldehyehyde
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is metaldyde rapidly or slowly absorbed
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rapidly absorbed in GIT
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what is treatment for metaldehyde tox
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emetics or gastric lavage with NaHCO3. activated charcoal. sedation with IV pentobarb or diazepam
correct acidosis in NaHCO3 |
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what organs does paraquat affect
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lungs and kidneys
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what therapy do you avoid for paraquat poisoning
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oxygen
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what causes apparent recovery
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iron, acetaminophen, paraquat
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what is the antidote for metaldehyde
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there isn't one
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CS of paraquat
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GIT and kidney to start with
lung fibrosis takes a little longer emesis, CNS depression, abdominal pain, dyspnea severe, halitosis and erosions |
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PM paraquat
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lung fibrosis, mottled red-brown lungs, fiboriss in lungs, atelectasis, pneumomediastinum, petechiation in kidneys and spleen
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DX of paraquat
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hx, can send off tissues/urine samples may send off vomitus. modification to dithyimide test (blud green color)
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paraquat treatments
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cysteine precursor for glutathione, emetics, gastric lavage not after 1 hour
purgative fullers earth kitty litter clay, mantel, diueresis coritcosteriods, diuresis keep kidneys flushing |
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don't give what for paraquat tox
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don't give fluids or O2
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prognosis of paraquat
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grave
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clorates have what that is really important
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methemoglobin formation (slow)
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antidote for methemoglobin
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slow IV methylene blue
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what is MOA of dinitro
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uncouples- hyperthermia
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paraquat treatments
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cysteine precursor for glutathione, emetics, gastric lavage not after 1 hour
purgative fullers earth kitty litter clay, mantel, diueresis coritcosteriods, diuresis keep kidneys flushing |
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dintro CS/ PM
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dyspnea, yellow colored organs
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don't give what for paraquat tox
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don't give fluids or O2
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tx for dinitro
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lavage with bicarb
no treatment no antidote |
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prognosis of paraquat
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grave
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2,4, dichlorphenxyacetatic acid
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plant hormones, a spurt of growth, can increase nitrite poisoning. in dogs only can get posterior paralysis
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clorates have what that is really important
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methemoglobin formation (slow)
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what can 2,4 dichorlphenoxyacetic acid do to dogsonly
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posterior paralysis, muscle problem
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antidote for methemoglobin
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slow IV methylene blue
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what is MOA of dinitro
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uncouples- hyperthermia
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dintro CS/ PM
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dyspnea, yellow colored organs
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tx for dinitro
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lavage with bicarb
no treatment no antidote |
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2,4, dichlorphenxyacetatic acid
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plant hormones, a spurt of growth, can increase nitrite poisoning. in dogs only can get posterior paralysis
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what can 2,4 dichorlphenoxyacetic acid do to dogsonly
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posterior paralysis, muscle problem
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tx for 2,4, dichrlophyacetate
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no treatment no antidote
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glyphosate (round-up)
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can cause vomitting, staggering, hind limb weakness
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what are other cs of 2,4 dcpa
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have to look up
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orgnaic tin
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very toxic not really important
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sulfur for fungicide
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not used as much as we used to
usually not toxic by itself |
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what causes polyencpolmalacia
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sulfides and sulfates not sulfur
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ethylene dibrominde as fungicide
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banned in florida nobody cares
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benemizoles
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high doses can be toxic
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pentocholorphenol
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wood treatments
organohalide uncoupples ox phos-hyperthermia affects CNS death from CARDIAC FAILURE |
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dioxins
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HIGHLY TOXIC
commercial garbage incinerators are the only places that plastic should be burned |
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pentachlorphenal (PCP)
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used as pest iced for wood. can be used as herbicide, algicide,
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how is pentocholorphenal excreted
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rapidly excreted in urine unchanged
half life after mult dosing 20 days |
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tx o pentochorophenal
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supportive, symptomatic, , pyerexia contol, fluids, O2
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do you ever use aspirin for pyrexia fr pentacholophenol
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hell no
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ethylene glycol what is the source
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anti-freeze for car
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is ethylene glycol toxicity seasonal
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yes from nov to may
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what is ethyene glycol and what does it metabolize down to
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dialcohol goes to glyocolates, glyocoacetates that are renal toxic
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lethal dose of ethylene glycol in dogs and cats
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75 ml for a 10 kg dog
8 ml for a cat |
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MOA of ethylene glycol
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alcholic depressive effects
can act direcly on CNS affects serotonin build up of glycoaldehyde, glyocelate, glocoacetate makes oxalates LACTIC ACID CAN BUILD UP |
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treatment of ethylene glycol. antidote in cats
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alcohol in cats
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benzoic acid?
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cat not good at glucoronidizing
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CS of ethylene glycol tox
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early on CNS, nausea , vomitting, depression. drunk
PU/PD death |
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subacute ethylene glycol
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cardio pulmonary
pulmonary edema |
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chronic ethylene glycol
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renal failure. anuric. stomatitis, abdominal pain, blindness, hypocalcemia, convulsions, coma, hematuria
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labs for ethylene glycol
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there is a test specifically for this
SG (low urine SG), istoenuria, polyuria, raised BUN, raised phosphate, neutorpilla, leukopenia, hematuria, crystalluira, hyperkalemia, HYPOCALCEMIA, anion gap |
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who gets false neg results of ethylene glycol
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cats
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treatment for ethylene glycol tox
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EARLY TREATMENT
gastic lavage with bicarb activated charcoal fluids tx for acidosis antidote: fomepizole (K9) ethanol (cats) |
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PM EG
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hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, pale streaked kidneys
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dx of EG
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woods lamp flouresces urine
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moa of fomepizole
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alcohol dehydrongeanse inhibiitor
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do you give fmepiazole to cats ever for EG tox
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no its going to be on the test know you can only use ethanol for cats
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carbon monoxide
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hen house pig house. not painful, they fall asleep
carboxyhemoglobin formation cherry red blood, cherry red blood |
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tx of carbon monoxide poisoning
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allow fresh air, maybe give O2 and CO2
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