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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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tox of 6 |
<5 mg/kg
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tox of 5
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5-50 mg/kg
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tox of 4
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50-500 mg/kg
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tox of 3
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0.5-5 g/kg
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tox of 2
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5-15 g/kg
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tox of 1
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>15 g/kg
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low TI
assume subs is present need quant result invasive (blood) slow TAT metab may interfere expensive |
TDM
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screen
qualitative noninvasive(urine) fast TAT can detect metabs cheap |
Toxicology
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is toxic to 50% of population
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TD50
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ASA
analgesic interfers with plt aggr and gi overdose> resp alkalosis -incr lactate ->ketoacids>metab acidosis mixed acid/base disorder >500 = lethal |
Salicylate, Aspirin
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Measure Salicylate
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Trinder rxn, purple color
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anagesic
overdose> hepatotoxicity (necrosis) metab and conj by liver damage is 3-5 p.i. >150 @ 4 hrs is toxic liver can conjugate acetamidoquinone (intermediate) by glutathione |
Acetaminophine
Tylenol |
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Acetominophine overdose>
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incr N-acetylbenzoquinoneimine (conj by glutathione)
hepatic necrosis Antidote = NAC ( to incr cystine) |
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200-250 more affinity for Hgb
N= 0-5% COHgb smoker <15% 70-80%= lethal |
CO
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CO measurement
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Spot CO check, bright red blood
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most common
metab by liver nonpolar metab by alcohol dehydrog (redox) > acetaldehyde and acetate (2nd) 200-400= unconcious .1g/dL= toxic |
Ethanol
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treat other alcohols with
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Ethanol
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alcohol testng
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ADH method
measure abs pos for Ethanol, neg/low for methanol and isopropanol |
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OG
incr ____ for every 60mg/dl of Ethanol |
10 mOsm/kg
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OG for other than ethanol
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1.86(Na) + glc/18 + Bun/2.8 + ETOH/5
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toxic at 300 mg/dL
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Ethanol
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toxic at 200 mg/dL
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Isoprpanol
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toxic at 50 mg/dL
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Methanol and EG
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incr osmol
normal pH no acetone |
Ethanol
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incr osmol
normal pH acetone pos |
Isopropanol
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incr osmol
decr pH |
Methanol
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incr og
metab acidosis incr AG oxalate crystals renal impairment |
EG
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with carrier gas
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mobile phase
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collects cooked particle
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pre column
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oven column
high temp |
liquid stationary phase
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detector
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FID
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time form injection of dample to peak vol in FID
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Rt
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quantitate peak by
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comapring calibrator peak with sample peak
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errors in GLC
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change in flow rate (mobile), oven temp (liquid), volt of FID
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alcohol effects from Ethanol
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hypoglycemia if fasting
>ketoacidosis hepatomegaly due to trig accuml from metab of ethanol instead of fa |
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diag of chronic alcohol abuse
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incr plasma uric acid, ggt, and trigs
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methanol>
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formaldehyde>formic acid
severe metab acidosis, pancreatic necrosis and visual |
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isopropanol>
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acetone
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EG>
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formic acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid
renal failure |
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poor nutrition in alcoholics >
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decr folate
decr Mg and Ca decr phosphate |
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1 unit of alcohol =
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10 ml ETOH = 8g ETOH
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sedative, depressant
Phenobarbital-epilepsy Treatment, aid respiration and cardiac replaced by benzodiazepine (metab is oxazepam) |
Barbituates
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opium, morphine, codeine
sleep and pain relief supress CNS, decr resp, coma heroin is metab by liver> morphine and excr by kidneys as glucuronide Treat with Naloxone |
Narcotics
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organophosphates
inhibs acetylcholinesterase>effects heart and lungs, cramps, CNS measure isoenzyme. pseudocholine |
Pesticides
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CNS stim, blocks dopamine receptors
treats narcolepsy and ADD metab in liver> benzoic acid heart probs if overdose |
Amphetamines
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local anesthetic and CNS stim
short 1/2 L metab by cholinesterase > benzoylecognine (inact) excr by kidneys Tox= hyperten and MI confirm with GCMS |
Cocaine
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THC
urinary metab = THC-COOH |
Cannabinoids
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anesthetic and hallucinogen
violence, seizures, resp, death |
PCP
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