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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organophosphates, parathion- MOA, Tox, Tx
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- MOA: ach esterase inhibitors, IRREVERSible
Tox: resp failure- diaphragm paralysis, SLUDGE- HA, nausea Tx: pralidoxime== for organophosphates only, atropine for muscarinic effects |
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Carbamates, carbaryl- MOA, Tox, Tx
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MOA: reversible inhibition of acetycholinesterase
TOX; sludge, resp failure Tx: atropine |
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DDT, methoxyclor, chloradan- Class, MOA, Tox, Tx
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Class: chlorinated insecticides
MOA: block inactivation of voltage gated NA+ channels- uncontrolled APs Tox: seizures, first as tremors then progress Tx: activated charcoal or gastric lavage if recent, do not induce vomiting, anticonvulsants- phenobarb, diazepam |
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Pyrethrins- CLass, Tox, Tx
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Class: household insecticides
Tox: hsr, contact dermatititis, bronchospasms, sz Tx: activated charcoal, do not induce vomitting, O2, and bronchodilators |
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Methanol- sources, MOA, tox, tx
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Sources: windshield washer, pt remover
Tox: CnS depression, blindness, metab acidosis due to metabolites MOA: metab to formaldehyde via ADH and formate Tx: Na bicarb for acidosis, folic acid-- B vit complex converts formate to CO2 and water, and ADH inhibitors such as EtOh and fomepizole |
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Ethylene glycol- source, Tox, MOA, Tx
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Source: antifreeze
MOA: metab to oxalic acid leading to hypocalcemic tetany and oxalicaciduria Tox: CNS depression, tetany Tx: IV calcium, pyridoxine, folate, thiamine-- for metabolism, and ADH inhibitors-- i.e. fomepizole & EtOH |
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Diethylene Glycol- Source
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- improperly used as low cost substitute for glycerin and propylene glycol in pharmaceuticals
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Isopropyl alcohol- Source, Tox, Tx
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Sources: industrial solvent, disinfectants, antiseptic, rubbing alcohol
Tox: CNS depression, intoxication, acetone breath Tx: no antidote, give O2, activated charcoal, symptomatic treatment |
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Lead- Sources, PK, MOA
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Sources: pipes, plumbers, toys, paint, gasoline
PK: soft tissue then bone distribution, in soft tissues can stay for a couple of months but with bone can stay for years, higher risk for children MOA: inhibits Hb synthesis-- leads to sideroblastic anemia-- hypochromic and microcytic anemia |
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Lead- Diagnosis, tx
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Dx; Pb blood levels-- greaters than 10 ug-- reduce exposure, >25- treat child, >50 treat adult, >120= lead encephalopathy
Tx: main tx is to prevent further exposure, chelators-- Ca EDTA, dimercaprol, dimercaptosuccinic acid, dexamethasone |
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Arsenic & arsine gas- Sources, Si/Sx, Tx
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Sources: contaminated coal, metal ores, water supplies, semi conductors, trivalent form-- most toxic public exposure
Tox: acute intox- violent nausea, laryngitis, bronchitis, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis- rice water diarrhea, Garlic breath, cap damage leading to dehydration, shock, death, and sensory neuropathy if pts survives Chronic-- few sx until irreversible injury--dermal-- HYPERKERATOSIS, and exfoliative dermatitis, vesicles on feet, peripheral neuropathy, cutaneous vasodilation, bone marrow depression, increased risk of CA - arsine gas- causes rapid death and hemolysis, reversible kidney damage Tx: dimercaprol for arsenic, and no antidote for gas--supportive tx only |
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Mercury- Source, PK, Tox, Tx
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Source: dental, old thermo, GOLD mining, insecticides, old felt hats
PK: absorbed as vapor through lungs, as powder, even through latex gloves Tox: acute poisoning-- chest pain, SOB, vomiting, chronic-- gingivitis, loose teeth, DI, renal systemic Tx: demercaprol-- acute, and pencillamine for chronic poisoning |
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Methylmercury- Source, Tox, Tx
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Source: seed fungicide, sea water-- fish
Tox: irreversible loss of balance, ataxia, sensory defects, dysarthria Prevention- do not eat more than one piece of predatory fish per week Tx: selenium reduces toxic effects if co administered |
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CO- Source,s MOA, Tox, Tx
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Source: gas found everywhere
MOA: has 220x more affinity for Hg than does O2 Tox: brain and heart most effected b/c have higher O2 demand, chronic exposure-- probably causes CV problems Tx: remove CO, then hyperbaric O2 |
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O3- Source,MOA, TOx
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Source: in air pollution and in atmosphere
MOA: forms free radicals Tox: lung iritation-- pulm edema, resp problems in asthmatics |
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Cyanide- Source, MOA, Tox, Tx
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Source: smoke often WITH CO, inudstrial plastic, terror attack
MOA: binds the cytochrome c oxidase, inhibiting e transport chain-- inhibits use of O2 in ATP production Tox: bitter almond breath, HA, LOC, sz, coma Tx: B12 releases CN from cytochrome system |
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NO2- srouce, MOA, TOx
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Source: engine exhaust, arc welding, silos
MOA: fourms nitric acid in alveoli Tox- acute exposure-- leads to lung irritation and pulm edema chronic-- emphysema and pneumonitis |
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SO2- Source, MOA, Tox, Tx
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Source: automobiles
MOA: forms sulfurous acid when contacting mucus membrane-irritant for eyes and lungs Tox: increases airway resistant-- causes bronchospasms-- chronic exposure leads to asthma and ephysema Tx: intubation, assist with ventilation, bronchodilators-- to keep airways unobstructed |
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Asbestos- Complications, Tx
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Tox: cancers, fibrosis, plerual plaques, pleural effusion, MESOTHELIOMA
Tx: no antidotes, protective clothing and respirators |
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Botulinum toxin- Source, MOA, Tox, Tx
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Source: ingested toxin-- C. botulinum-- home canning
MOA: toxin selectively taken up at presynatpic terminal then cleaves proteins responsible for NT release. Infants-- not high enough pH to kill the spores Tox: flaccid paralysis, resp insuff, constipation, sore throat, blurry vision Tx: antibotulinum toxin- prevents paralysis, does not reverse it-- thus must be given early, resp support-- intubation, can recover completely if given in acute phase before hypoxia occurs |
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PCBs- Source, Tox
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-Source: flame retardants, insulation, plasticizers, farm raised salmon
Tox: chloacne, nausea, HA, skin lesions, liver damage, risk of GI and lymphatic CA |
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BPA- Source, Tox
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Source: leaching from water bottles or polycarbonate plastics
Complications-- possibel neural and behavioral effects if fetal exposure |
