Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
162 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
abrupt onset
muscle fasiculations increased sens to touch & other stimuli ataxia |
calycanthus:
sweetshrub strawberry shrub allspice |
|
|
lateral recumbency
legs rigid head twisted back as for tetanus or strychnine intox 3rd eyelid protrudes no lesions |
calycanthus:
sweetshrub strawberry shrub allspice |
|
|
dz problem:
alkaloid CNS stimulant exaggerated reflexes |
calycanthus:
sweetshrub strawberry shrub allspice |
|
|
uneasiness & twitching of muscles in lips, face, ears
clamping of jaws grinding teeth throwing head & neck grotesquely backwards |
cicuta:
water hemlock beaver poison spotted cowbane death-of-man oenanthe dead-men's-fingers five-finger-death |
|
|
violent muscular activity
unable to stand with kicking/running tonic-clonic seizures death in 1-8 hrs probably cardiopulmonary arrest |
cicuta:
water hemlock beaver poison spotted cowbane death-of-man oenanthe dead-men's-fingers five-finger-death |
|
|
no consistent lesions other than bruises, lacerations
root fragments in ruemn, omasum or stomach analyze contents for cicutoxin & cicutol |
cicuta:
water hemlock beaver poison spotted cowbane death-of-man oenanthe dead-men's-fingers five-finger-death |
|
|
dz problem:
a few rootstalks by cow may quickly produce signs oily yellowish liquid in chambered rootstalk |
cicuta:
water hemlock beaver poison spotted cowbane death-of-man oenanthe dead-men's-fingers five-finger-death |
|
|
plant concentrations vary with season & location
effects limited to 3-4 hrs reversible blockade of Na/K channels, GABA inhibitor |
cicuta:
water hemlock beaver poison spotted cowbane death-of-man oenanthe dead-men's-fingers five-finger-death |
|
|
abrupt onset
muscular weakness clonic convulsive movements of head, forelimbs & PLs difficulty swallowing vision problems respiratory paralysis no distinctive lesions all livestock at risk alkaloids - paralysis of nerve endings |
gelsemium:
jessamine evening trumpet-flower/vine |
|
|
abrupt onset of seizures
mainly sheep depression ataxia muscle weakness & twicthing nervousness breathing difficulty excitable head pressing extensor rigidity seizures possible teratogenic effects no distinctive lesions |
lupinus:
lupine |
|
|
dz problem:
ingestion of mature plants wiht legumes present quinolizidine alkaloids - concentrations high in seeds agonist effects on central & peripheral nicotinic AcH receptors Tx: relief for neuro signs |
lupinus:
lupine |
|
|
abrupt onset of tetanic or clonic type seizures
SALIVATION, RETCHING, VOMITING, DIARRHEA early excitement then paralysis labored/irregular respiration weakness muscle spasms ataxia |
melia:
chinaberry persian lilac |
|
|
path:
focal edema reddening of stomach & SI mucosa gaseous distension of stomach |
melia:
chinaberry persian lilac |
|
|
dz problem:
dogs, pigs, ruminants, rabbits, other spp fruits & possibly flowers |
melia:
chinaberry persian lilac |
|
|
pigs:
abrupt onset of seizures depression weakness loss of appetite vomiting hypothermia ataxia spasmodic muscular activity/paddling recumbency death in hrs/days |
xanthium:
cocklebur clotbur burweed |
|
|
calves:
abrupt onset of seizures - delayed few hrs depression weakness loss of appetite NO vomiting hypothermia ataxia spasmodic muscular activity/paddling recumbency death in hrs/days |
xanthium:
cocklebur clotbur burweed |
|
|
10 fold increase in serum AST, SDH
sharp decline in blood glc (esp in calves) |
xanthium:
cocklebur clotbur burweed |
|
|
path:
protein rich fluid in abdominal & thoracic cavities gelatinous edema - GB wall, hepatic capsule liver - swollen, accentuated markings on cut surfaces micro: severe, diffuse centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis of almost entire lobules |
xanthium:
cocklebur clotbur burweed |
|
|
dz problem:
seed, new sprouts, cotyledons all animal spp spring & early summer - moisture, warm temps cz massive sprouting of burs carboxyatractyloside (CAT) in seeds within bur & 2 leaf seedling stage inhibits ox phos blocks transport of phosphoryl groups across mitochondrial mb |
xanthium:
cocklebur clotbur burweed |
|
|
abrupt onset of seizures
ear & face muscle twitching clamping of jaws profuse salivation animals stand in motionless stupor, circle, wander aimlessly forward & backward blind &/or lack of awareness of surroundings unable to eat |
PEM plants, sulfur, brassica, kochia:
mustards |
|
|
abrupt onset of seizures
once recumbent, esp if seizures, px unfavorable for recovery even w/tx elevation of serum pyruvic acid & lactic acid |
PEM plants, sulfur, brassica, kochia:
mustards |
|
|
path:
cerebral edema flattened gyri compressed sulci parietal cortex - yellow/gray cerebral cortical malacia fluoresce UV light |
PEM plants, sulfur, brassica, kochia:
mustards |
|
|
dz problem:
ruminants - mainly cattle rare - few individuals soon after change of feed fatal probably cz'd by high sulfur, sulfates in water/plants blocks cytochrome C in electron transport decreases energy metabolism of neurons |
PEM plants, sulfur, brassica, kochia:
mustards |
|
|
horses:
sudden onset of seizures circling head pressing ataxia frenzy hyperexcitable sudden death hepatic dysfxn: increase AST, GGT, LDH, icterus |
fumonsin:
mycotoxin moldy corn poisoning equine encephalomalacia |
|
|
pigs:
acute seizures resp distress sudden death pulmonary edema + hepatic changes |
fumonsin:
mycotoxin moldy corn poisoning |
|
|
path:
cerebral white matter - edema, hemorrhage, liquifaction usually die b/f tx starts heat stable toxin inhibits sphingolipid synthesis in CNS |
fumonsin:
mycotoxin moldy corn poisoning |
|
|
cattle:
abrupt onset of seizures hyperesthesia pulm edema supportive care |
patulin:
mycotoxin |
|
|
dogs:
abrupt onset of seizures diarrhea dyspnea hematemesis pulm edema tx: supportive care |
patulin:
mycotoxin |
|
|
dz problem:
mycotoxin Penicillium Aspergillus fungi cereal grains |
patulin:
mycotoxin |
|
|
Which of the following does not cz seizures?
acer patulin melia lupinus |
acer
|
|
|
dogs:
abrupt onset of seizures vomiting weakness muscle rigidity & tremors hyperactive hypersens to noise nystagmus |
penitrem/roquefortine:
tremorgenic mycotoxins |
|
|
dz problem:
toxins from Penicillium, Aspergillus, Claviceps fungi mouldy bread cream cheese blue cheese walnuts garbage |
penitrem/roquefortine:
tremorgenic mycotoxins |
|
|
Name 3 plants that all produce the following:
abrupt onset of tetanic seizures with sudden death (cyanide) apprehension distress quickly followed by weakness, ataxia, labored resp, unable to stand, lateral recumbency with periodic paddling, seizures sequence occurs over 5-15 min ending in death or recovery |
prunus: cherry
sorghum: sudan triglochin: arrowgrass |
|
|
dz problem:
many spp cyanogenic, most not a risk ruminants, rare in monogastric pulp not toxic but seeds are cyanogenic glycosides |
prunus:
cherry |
|
|
dz problem:
grains have highest HCN potential - grass lowest don't cut forage until taller than 45-60 cm |
sorghum:
sudan |
|
|
Other dz syndromes:
ataxia cystitis teratogenesis photosens nitrate intox |
sorghum:
sudan |
|
|
What plant can cattle ingest a lethal amount of in just minutes?
|
sorghum halapense
|
|
|
What are the 3 Sorghum spp of toxic importance?
|
1 - sorghum alum: columbus grass
2 - shattercane, sudan, milet: sudangrass 3 - johnsongrass |
|
|
dz problem:
succulent, remains semi-green when cut & still toxic tyrosine-derived cyanogenic glucoside |
triglochin:
arrowgrass |
|
|
What 5 plants all cz the same following effects:
increased nervousness seizures with erect ears fine tremor of head, neck to shoulders move with stiff, wobbly gait - swaying movement of PLs collapse head twisted backwards Stagger's Syndrome |
cynodon: bermudagrass
lolium: perennial ryegrass paspalum: dallisgrass phalaris: canary grass zea (over wintered): corn |
|
|
dz problem:
rare problem in cattle & goats mature grass, fresh or hay possibole alkaloids, ergonovine from fungi |
cynodon:
bermudagrass |
|
|
dz problem:
endophyte fungus Claviceps, seed heads mainly cattle hazard increases with plant maturity esp a/f rainy/humid weather fungi invade plant forming ovaries, form schlerotia containing neurotoxic indolic tremorgens inhibit GABA & glycine inhibitory pathways |
paspalum:
dallisgras large water grass Bahia grass |
|
|
abrupt or slow onset
tremors excitement stiff gait shaking collapse high case fatality rate mainly in sheep - less so in cattle focal greenish-gray-blue discoloration of brain CSF: increased protein & greenish IC granules in MO |
phalaris:
canary grass ribbon grass birdseed grass |
|
|
generalized tetany/tremors
early phase: slight nervousness tremors weakness ataxia salivation lacrimation groaning colic later phase: severe depression narcosis progressive paresis leading to recumbency clin signs usually subside and animal recovers in 8 hrs |
conium:
poison hemlock poison parsley fool's parsley carrot fern |
|
|
dz problem:
CNS dz & teratogenicity - cattle, pigs green-chop alfalfa or heavily contaminated hay volatile pyridine alkaloids similar to nicotine stim/block autonomic ganglia larger doses - nondepol musc blockade |
conium:
poison hemlock poison parsley fool's parsley carrot fern |
|
|
generalized tetany/tremors
cattle: weight loss listless relunctant to move later - weakness (lying down most of the time), muscular tremors when forced to stand or move joint stiffness acetone odor (esp breath) signs seen in nursing calves without signs in cow no distinctive lesions |
eupatorium (ageratina):
white snakeroot rich weed |
|
|
generalized tetany/tremors
sheep, pigs: shorter dz/more severe than in cattle |
eupatorium (ageratina):
white snakeroot rich weed |
|
|
generalized tetany/tremors
horses: swallowing difficulties slobbering dyspnea weak unsteady gait patchy sweating weakness choke cardiac effects: irregular rhythm, jugular vein distension & puolsation, ventral edema, AV block increase LDH, CPK grayish myocardial streaks ventricular dilation |
eupatorium (ageratina):
white snakeroot rich weed |
|
|
generalized tetany/tremors
goats: appetite loss depression head pressing paddling seizures photosensitization severe centrilobular hepatic necrosis |
eupatorium (ageratina):
white snakeroot rich weed |
|
|
"trembles" in animals
"milk sickness" in humans impairs TCA cycle acidosis ketonemia tremetol - fat soluble, excreted in milk & not destroyed by pasteurization |
eupatorium (ageratina):
white snakeroot rich weed |
|
|
generalized tetany/tremors
excitement early later: depression, excess salivation rapid & labored breathing ataxia severe weakness muscle twitching stiff legged walk 3rd eyelid protrusion signs last 5-6 hrs survival 12 hrs good px |
nicotiana:
tobacco mustard tree |
|
|
generalized tetany/tremors
rare in livestock - plants seldom eaten pigs allowed to eat stalks alkaloids neuromuscular & CNS effects sympathetic & parasympathetic ganglionic depolarizer: low dosage - stimulation high dosage - blockage |
nicotiana:
tobacco mustard tree |
|
|
generalized tetany/tremors
muscle rigidity lethargy resp distress possible seizures resp arrest in min to hrs |
anatoxin:
blue green algae |
|
|
tetany/tremors
death from resp paralysis in min to hrs depol nicotinic mb |
anatoxin-a:
blue green algae |
|
|
tetany/tremors
salivation urination lacrimation tremors dyspnea seizures inhibit acholinesterase, organophosphate-like |
anatoxin-a(s):
blue green algae |
|
|
Which plant that causes abrupt seizures also czs salivation, retching, vomiting & diarrhea?
|
melia:
chinaberry persian lilac |
|
|
Which 2 plants cz agalactica -absence or decrease of milk without dz?
|
1 - festuca: fescue
2 - ergot |
|
|
Which plant causes impaired reproduction?
|
zearalenone:
mycotoxin in pigs |
|
|
Which kind of pigs are most affected by zearalenone?
|
gilts - female breeder pigs that have not yet had their first litter
|
|
|
How do the following plants impair reproduction:
astragalus gutierrezia iva angustifolia juniperus pinus |
neonates are small, weak, stillborn or aborted
|
|
|
agalactica
mainly horses decrease conception rate weak foals stillborths abortions firm tough, thickened placenta |
festuca:
fescue |
|
|
prolonged gestation
large fetus dificult delivery increased risks to fetus & dam decreased serum prolactin |
festuca:
fescue |
|
|
foals with overgrown hooves
irregular incisor eruption long hair coats poor muscling |
festuca:
fescue |
|
|
cattle:
less evident in sheep decreased milk production decreased repro efficiency decreased birth weights conception delay |
festuca:
fescue |
|
|
path:
horses - thich tough placenta micro - placenta, edema, colloid deposition, vascular degeneration, fibrosis |
festuca:
fescue |
|
|
agalactica
hyperthermia subfertility gangrenous nervous effecs all livestock - feed analysis |
ergot
|
|
|
ulceration of digestive tract
gangrenous lesions on limbs & other distal extremities |
ergot
|
|
|
Claviceps purpurea fungus invades & repalces plant ovarian tissue forming schlerotia & ergot bodies
decrease prolactin |
ergot
|
|
|
cereal grains (rye, triticale), grasses, esp northern great plains
ingestion of alkaloids in grain or on pasture |
ergot
|
|
|
inhibit D1 - vasoconstriction
stimulate D2 - decrease prolactin |
ergot
|
|
|
impaired reproduction
hyperestrogenism - pigs esp gilts precocious swelling of vulva, mammary glands & a vaginal discharge early embryonic death of piglets boars, barrows: preputial edema (decreased libido & sperm) |
zearalenone:
mycotoxin |
|
|
dz problem:
Fusaroum fungi - esp. F. roseum mainly stored ear corn (pink ear rot), cereal grains long persisting - stable in pelleting process |
zearalenone:
mycotoxin |
|
|
neonate - small, weak, stullborn or aborted
vulvular swelling mammory development wks/mos b/f expected partuition premature small weak calves that may survive less than 48 hrs |
gutierrezia:
snakeweed matchweed matchbrush broomweed slinkweed |
|
|
neonate - small, weak, stillborn or aborted
retention of placental mbs adults illness: decreased appetite wkness stringy mucoid secretion from vulva |
gutierrezia:
snakeweed matchweed matchbrush broomweed slinkweed |
|
|
sheep, cattle - greatest risk
goats less so 2 spp of significance: snakeweed/matchweed/matchbrush broomweed/slinkbrush |
gutierrezia
|
|
|
premature mammory development
dripping milk excess vaginal mucus precedes birth or premature &/or weak calves or stillborns or abortions |
iva:
sumpweed |
|
|
placental mineralization but not retention
delay breeding to prevent eating seedlings during last half of gestation |
iva:
sumpweed |
|
|
premature small, weak or stillborn calves
dam may also appear ill cattle sheep only with extremely high dosage |
iva:
sumpweed |
|
|
swollen vulva
mammary development blood tinged mucoid vulvular discharge dead or weak calf that dies soon after birth other cows: little mammary dev or milk letdown |
pinus:
pine |
|
|
retention of fetal mbs
metritis uterus flaccid, doughy & fluid filled dam - lack of appetite/ruminal activity, depressed, weak |
pinus:
pine |
|
|
increased ingestion with low temp, snow cover
sheep & deer little affected |
pinus:
pine |
|
|
diterpene acids,isocupressic acids - prevent uterine BF as fetus grows, decreased viability
|
pinus:
pine |
|
|
Name the 4 spp of pinus that cz problems.
|
lodgepole pine
jeffrey pine ponderosa pine/ western yellow pine/ arizona pine monterey pine |
|
|
small weak neonates don't suckle
abortions fetal deformities (rare) - thoracic limb rotation, arthrogyroposis, tendon contraction |
astragalus:
locoweed milkvetch loco garboncillo |
|
|
decreased reproductive performance in adults
signs of locoism in adults |
astragalus:
locoweed milkvetch loco garboncillo |
|
|
How can you prevent animals from eating astragalus?
|
avoid pasturing animals in spring & early summer when there is significant populations of locoweed present
|
|
|
last trimester of gestation
ingestion of 25-30% body weight of this plant over 3-4 wks presumably d/t swainsonine & accumulation of oligosaccharides compromising cellular fxn |
astragalus:
locoweed milkvetch loco garboncillo |
|
|
calves:
arthrogyrposis of forelegs elbow joint immobile, fixed & unable to extend d/t misalignment malpositioning of ulnar-humeral articulation lateral rotation distal to elbow |
lupinus:
lupine |
|
|
10-15% limb, vertebral, palate defects
lordosis scoliosis torticolis cleft palate |
lupinus:
lupine |
|
|
crooked calf dz
critical time period is days 40-70 of gestation - possible deformation rather than malformation |
lupinus:
lupine |
|
|
Which plant causes prolonged gestation, short snouts and cycloplia in lambs - "monkey faced lambs"?
|
veratrum:
skunk cabbage corn-lily white hellebore |
|
|
When are lambs most susceptibel to veratrum toxicity?
|
Day 14 of gestation - cyclopia
low risk a/f 6th week in sheep & a/f 8 wks in cattle |
|
|
Which 2 plants cause severe resp distress, ARDS & foamy saliva?
|
medicago
perilla |
|
|
abrupt onset
labored resp loud expiratory grunts open mouth breathing frothy salivation SQ emphysema - nech, shoulders & back death within 1-2 days |
medicago:
alfalfa lucerne |
|
|
lungs fail to collapse - heavy, firm, froth filled airways
interlobular septae distended with fluid, fibrin, air bubbles |
medicago:
alfalfa lucerne |
|
|
cut surface of lung:
marbled appearance patchy areas of firm, red to purple lobules edema & air bubbles in CT & septa |
medicago:
alfalfa lucerne |
|
|
acute pneumonia-like
afebrile dz of ruminants (esp mature cattle) 5-10 days a/f abrupt change from poor to lush forage |
medicago:
alfalfa lucerne |
|
|
morbidity & mortality - 50%
sudden rumen overload with high levels of L-tryptophan, bacterail conversion to 3-MI, into blood & metabolized by lung to ultimate toxin |
medicago:
alfalfa lucerne |
|
|
ARDS - cattle,other ruminants & horses
panting disease late summer, early fall |
perilla:
purple mint beefsteak plant |
|
|
Which 2 plants cz redding, blisters & pruritis?
|
cnidoscolus
urtica |
|
|
erythema
swelling pruritis lasting 20-25 min stinging hairs - trichomes |
cnidoscolus:
bull nettle tread-softly spurge nettle |
|
|
erythema, swelling, pain,
pruritis at contact site lasting min to hrs horses - rxn on limbs, abdomen dogs - salivate profusely, lick paws, scratch,retch & vomit stinging hairs - trichomes |
urtica:
stinging nettle |
|
|
In severe cases, this plant can cause the following signs in dogs:
rapid/labored breathing vomiting hemorrhage from nose muscle fasiculation signs may take hrs to days to subside |
urtica:
stinging nettle |
|
|
cattle, sheep, rabbits - eat plants with no effect
serious problem in dogs - esp hunting breeds - exposed to large number of plants in open woods & bottomlands |
urtica:
stinging nettle |
|
|
necrosis/sloughing - teats, udder, escutcheon
photosensitization - less pigmented & lightly haired over body severe pruritis, reddening, swelling, edema |
numerous plants (page 58)
|
|
|
furanocoumarins activated in peripheral circulation by UV light form transient reactive radicals - causing direct photosensitization
cattle, sheep, poultry |
ammi:
bishop's weed bisnaga |
|
|
affects all herbivores except deer
direct photosensitization |
hypericum:
st. john's wort klamath weed |
|
|
direct photosensitization a/f contact w/or consumption of plants
furanocoumarins |
thamnosma:
blisterweed turpentine broom dutchman's breeches |
|
|
Which 4 plants cause necrosis/shoughing, pigmentation pattern depenedent with liver derangement (photosensitization), weakness, dark urine, weight loss & crystalloid cholangiohepatopathy?
|
agave: lecheguilla
nolina: sacahuista panicum: switchgrass tribulus: goathead |
|
|
sheep: listless & do not keep up with flock
stringy, thick mucoid discharge from eyes & nose icteric schlera visible mucus mbs head & ears swollen edema of face, lips, underside of jaw |
agave:
lecheguilla |
|
|
What plant causes purple discoloration of cornonary bands?
|
agave:
lecheguilla |
|
|
Which plant causes progressive debilitation, weakness, emaciation, clear or dark yellow/brown urine and leads to death in days or weeks?
|
agave:
lecheguilla |
|
|
Which plant causes "swellhead", "goat fever" or "lecheguilla fever" in sheep & goats during late winter or spring?
|
agave:
lecheguilla |
|
|
Which plant causes the following in horses:
chronic poor appetite weight loss hepatoencephalopathy (rarely) head pressing & violent behavior |
panicum:
switchgrass guinea grass klein grass millet brown corn |
|
|
photosensitization mainly nin lambs & kids grazing for 1 week or more on mature grass in flower or seed
causing phylloerythrin to accumulate in liver |
panicum:
switchgrass guinea grass klein grass millet brown corn |
|
|
rapidly progressing dermatitis
papular swellings, plaques skin thickening exudative dermatitis matting of hair crusts over areas of epi slouging, pruritis, hair loss |
vicia:
hairy vetch |
|
|
Which plant causes skin necrosis without regard to pigmentation pattern?
|
vicia:
hairy vetch |
|
|
dermatitis starts on neck, tailhead, escutcheon, udder & teats
progresses to face, trunk, limbs keratoconjunctivitis diarrhea - m/b bloody fever cough rapid respiration rapid weight loss poor px |
vicia:
hairy vetch |
|
|
Which plant causes a transient period of apparent recovery with renewed interest in eating for several days but dies in 10-14 days?
|
vicia:
hairy vetch |
|
|
sporadic in pastures where plants are grazed on for years without incident - usually mature black cattle, Angus or Holstein cattle & horses
signs of necrosis in 3-4 wks |
vicia:
hairy vetch |
|
|
Which plant causes necrosis of distal skin of limb, ear & tail - "fescue foot" in winter & early spring?
|
festuca:
fescue |
|
|
weight loss
rough hair coat arched back relunctant to move PL soreness swelling/redding of coronary bands dry gangrene may lead to foot loss loss of tail switch |
festuca:
fescue |
|
|
Which plant causes red urine d/t Hb or blood?
|
pteridium:
bracken fern |
|
|
With which plant is frequency of urination increased?
|
citrinin/ochratoxin: mycotoxins
|
|
|
Which plant causes "enzootic hematuria" in cattle & GI neoplasms in other animals?
|
pteridium:
bracken fern |
|
|
Which plant affects cattle 3-4 yrs or older - intermittent pink, brown or bloody urine -esp in last portion of urine stream d/t papillomatous growths in bladder wall?
|
pteridium:
bracken fern |
|
|
What plant causes PU/PD, weight loss in pigs -"porcine mycotoxic nephropathy" - proximal tubular necrosis & gastric ulcers - increased urination?
|
citrinin, ochratoxin:
mycotoxins |
|
|
Name the 4 plants that cause renal tubular necrosis without oxalate crystals?
|
amaranthus
hemerocallis lilium quercus |
|
|
Which plant causes "perirenal edema" in pigs, cattle & sheep?
|
amaranthus:
pigweed stickerweed |
|
|
With which plant would the cause of death be d/t excess serum potassium leading to cardiac problems?
|
amaranthus:
pigweed stickerweed |
|
|
Which plant affects ONLY CATS causes them to vomit, PU or oliguria - increasing urine volume & renal tubular necrosis WITHOUT oxalate crystals?
|
lilium:
lily |
|
|
Which plant affects primarily cattle (rarely sheep, goats, horses) by causing renal tubular necrosis WITHOUT oxalate crystals?
|
quercus:
oak |
|
|
Which plant does not affect deer d/t tannin binding proteins in their saliva?
|
quercus:
oak blackjack |
|
|
Which plant causes an abrupt onset of hypocalemia type signs in sheep with renal tubular necrosis WITH oxalate crystals?
|
chenopodium:
lamb's quarters white goosefoot |
|
|
Which plant causes sheep to drool with white froth around mouth, stiff/weak PLs & later, comatose jerky extensor rigidity leading to death within a few hrs?
Hint: renal tubular necrosis WITH oxalate crystals |
halogeton
|
|
|
abrupt onset of episodic weakness
uneasiness wide straddle legged stance stiff & staggering gait falls, struggle, rests, rises, falls again |
delphinium
|
|
|
bloat esp when animal is lying face downhill
signs 3-4 hrs a/f ingestion - fully dev in 5-8 hrs resp difficulties conspicuous death d/t resp failure, complicated by bloat |
delphinium
|
|
|
mainly cattle
shee & horses - much lower risk diterpenoid alkaloids, MLA, curare-like competitive neuromusc bloking effects inhibit AcH at nicotinic postsynaptic receptor site |
delphinium
|
|
|
gradual onset - days to weeks
hypersens to touch & sounds tremors dragging PLs loss of motor control collapse |
karwinskia
|
|
|
"dying back syndrome"
progressive polyneuropathy ascending systemic paralysis flaccid quadriplegia all parts of plants toxic - esp seeds (leaves least toxic) |
karwinskia
|
|
|
abrupt onset
impaired eating/drinking hypertonicity of tongue & ips fixed facial expression continuous chewing tongue protruding & curled to form groove or "V" shape permanent dz - not always progressive a/f 1st few dyas but risk of dehydration & starvation |
centaurea
|
|
|
equine parkinsonism
chewing dz continuous long term ingestion |
centaurea
|
|
|
gradual onset
weight, appetite & hair loss anemia nervous difficulty coordinating jaw & tongue movements tongue protrudes from mouth |
prosopis
|
|
|
continuously chew
regurgitate beans inactive rumen profuse stringy salivation animals reciver but subject to relapse |
prosopis
|
|
|
wasting, starvation type masseter lesions
rumen impacted w/seeds & pods omasum & abomasum are empty goats may survive 2-3 weeks reversible in cattle & sheep |
prosopis:
mesquite |
|
|
exaggerated response to tactile & auditory stimuli
muscular twitching tremors seizures characterized by labored resp, collapse with extended TLs & paddling PLs seizures last 1-2 min & repeat after several minutes |
albizia:
mimosa |
|
|
horses - colic, uneasiness, ataxia, PL weakness
tremble, fall, profuse sweating initial seizures tetanic with neck bowed, TLs flexed later clonic with paddling movements cattle - similar |
asclepias:
whorled-leaved milkweed |
|
|
sheep - stand with humped up appearance
head shaking jaws clamped twitching of eyelids, ears & lips only tenuously linked to dz |
hypochaeris:
flatweed cat's ear |
|
|
horses only
abrupt onset sudden, invol flexion & delayed extension of hocks - usually bilateral esp noticible when animal is backing or turning peculiar bunny hop gait recovery in wks, months or yrs |
solanum:
nightshade |
|
|
cattle:
depression appetite loss ataxia weakness labored respiration calves: edema ventral swelling abdominal fluid |
solanum:
nightshade |
|
|
"crazy cow" (d/t tropane alkaloids)following stimuli
tremors ataxia collapse nystagmus struggle to stand able to rise after brief rest |
solanum:
nightshade |
|
|
How do you test for Solanum?
|
raising & twisting head for 1 min with sudden release of head - collapse
|
|
|
depression, drowsiness
intersperse periods, arousal, bizarre actions hyperactivity tremors hyperresponsive to touch & sound (almost neurologic) |
cannabis:
hemp marijuana pot weed |
|
|
appear glassy-eyed, dizzy or disoriented
compulsive eating bump furniture (what the heck are you with cows in your home - oh...this must be just cats & dogs) bite objects shiver decreased BW saw horse stance dogs - diarrhea & vomiting cats - increased excitement recovery - few hrs to 4 days |
cannabis:
hemp marijuana pot weed |
|
|
overall impairment of rxn time, motor coordination & visual perception
|
cannabis:
hemp marijuana pot weed |
|
|
horses only
depression constipation unsteady gait ataxia that gets worse over a few days - difficulty standing marked loss of body condition muscular twitching causing jerky movements of head, necks, limbs, tail |
pteridium:
bracken fern |
|
|
locoism
depression weight loss STIFF GAIT exaggerated limb movement interference with eating voilent response to handling & confinement R heart failure on high elevation ranges |
oxytropis:
crazy weed locoweed loco |
|
|
horses:
stiff or stringhalt-like gait hyperexcitable weakness struggle to stand flaccid paraplegia paresis or paralysis of larynx with roaring |
lathyrus:
pea |
|
|
sheep & cattle:
abrupt onset lethargy anorexia pacing head pressing increased salivation teeth grinding cattle prefer to lie down & have transient muscular tremors |
lathyrus:
pea |
|
|
increased salivation
anorexia tremors colic cattle: knuckling of fetlocks dogs: abdominal pain, vomiting without diarrhea |
laburnum:
golden chain tree golden rain tree |
|
|
"cracker heel dz" in forested mounatin areas
abrupt onset of ataxia/incoordination temporary blindness recumbency cardiac/resp failure |
astragalus-nitro:
milkvetch |
|
|
gradual onset of ataxia/incoordination
weakness dazed & docile PL placement problems difficulty breathing - wheezing, coughing continual flexion of rear fetlocks distinctive clicking when dew claws or hooves strike opposite rear leg |
astragalus-nitro:
milkvetch |
