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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does acute to subacute onset behavioral changes localize to
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bicerebral hemispheres, more specifically frontal lobes
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Urinary incontinence + mental status changes localizes to?
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bilateral medial frontal lobes
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What abnormalities in vital signs would you expect with systemic metabolic/toxic conditions?
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tachycardia, tachypnea
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What would make you localize decreased consciousness to cerebrum instead of brainstem?
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normal CN exam
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When bicerebral dysfunction is acute and associated with decreased consciousness and attention, it's called?
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delirium or acute confusional state
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What is another type of expressive/anterior aphasia other than Broca's?
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Transcortical motor
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What is another type of sensory/posterior aphasia?
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transcortical sensory
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What problem do all aphasias have in common?
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naming
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Describe the difference in following commands between broca's and wernickes
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broca's can follow commands, wernicke's can't
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What is the difference between TCM/TCS aphasias and Brocas/Wernicke's?
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in TCM/TCS, the causative lesion isn't in the language "loop", so patient can repeat
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Where is the lesion in a conduction aphasia?
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arcuate fasiculus
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What are the symptoms of a conduction aphasia?
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speech is fluent, comprehension is intact, but patient can't name or repeat accurately
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What imaging would you do to evaluate changes in level of consciousness?
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CT
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Describe the workup you would do for delirium
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CT scan of brain, CMP, CBC, toxicology, lumbar puncture (if you think certain causes like meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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What is acute treatment of hypercalcemia?
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IV normal saline, loop diuretics, bisphosphonates, treat underlying cause
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Headache + lethargy suggests?
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increased intracranial pressure
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What two things could cause diplopia?
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brainstem lesion or increased intracranial pressure
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Basilar skull fracture increases risk of developing what infection?
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bacterial meningitis
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What parts of the brain can cause nonsensical speech and inability to follow commands?
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diffuse cerebral dysfunction (delirium) or receptive aphasia from left brain dysfunction, esp. left posterior temporal cortex
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Where does right homonymous hemianopsia localize to?
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lesion posterior to the optic chiasm, left temporoparietal or occipital cortex
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Where does right facial weakness localize to?
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left cerebral hemisphere, or RIGHT pons
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What blood vessels are affected in subdural hematoma?
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bridging veins
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What blood vessels are affected inepidural hematoma?
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middle meningeal artery; usually caused by temporal bone fracture
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Which type of hematoma has lucid interval?
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epidural hematona
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What can you see well on CT brain?
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acute blood and skull fracture
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What is the best imaging study to detect subacute blood?
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MRI without contrast
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What imaging study can you see subacute blood as hyperintense?
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FLAIR (T2)
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What is the shape of a subdural hematoma?
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crescent (thin sliver), concave to bone
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What is the shape of an epidural hematoma?
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convex to bone (lens shape)
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What would you give to reverse warfarin anti coagulation?
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FFP, vitamin K if you want to reverse warfarin for weeks
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What would you use instead of warfarin for anti-coag in someone with a head bleed?
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aspirin
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