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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Crotalaria common name
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rattlebox
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Crotalaria toxic agent
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rattlebox
*Monocrotaline (Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid) *Highest in seeds *Nitrogen fixer also |
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Crotalaria
disease syndrome |
rattlebox
*Very greatly by animal and plant species involved *Acute -GI -CNS -Cows – tenesemus, rectal prolapse *Chronic -Anorexic, inactive, emaciation -Horses – neuro, pulmonary, and SQ emphysema |
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Crotalaria species affected
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rattlebox
*Fowl *Cattle *Horses *Swine *man *Others |
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Crotalaria
lessions |
rattlebox
Lesions -Widespread hemorrhage -Congestion and edema -Pulmonary emphysema, atelectasis -Cirrhotic liver |
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Crotalaria
treatment |
rattlebox
none |
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Senecio common name
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Tansy ragwort
TX groundsel TX squawweed |
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Senecio toxic agent
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Longilobine (Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid)
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senecio disease syndrome
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*Early = continuous walking
*CNS signs *Tenesmus, voiding of bile stained feces *DDX = Rabies and hepatoencephalopathy |
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senecio animals affected
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*Primarily horses and cattle
*Sheep and goats more resistant *Llama *Humans |
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senecio lesions
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Lesions
-Induration and mottling of liver; fibrosis; icterus and photosensitization (Pacific NW) -Distended gall bladder (ruminants) -Ascites |
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senesio treatment
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none
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Hepatic fatty cirrhosis common name
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hard yellow liver dz
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Hepatic fatty cirrhosis toxic agent
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*Etiology is UNKNOWN
*noninfectious |
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Hepatic fatty cirrhosis disease syndrome
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*Varying amounts of fatty metamorphosis in the liver
*Acute abomasitis *High morbidity (50-90%), moderate mortality (50%) *C/s -poor growth, rough hair coat, coma - hepatic encephalitis and coma no icterus or photosensitization (ps caused by chlorophyll not this) |
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Hepatic fatty cirrhosis animals affected
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*RUMINANTS
Dz severity: Sh>Bov>Deer>Ant After rain, wet winter & dry spring, light grazing pressures or low stocking rates |
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Hepatic fatty cirrhosis lesions
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Lesions
-Fatty change, fibrous connective tissue, compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia in liver *bich results: variable liver enz (early ggt), macrocytic/hypochromic anemia, hyperproteinemia w/ high IgG, + iodine flocculation test |
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Hepatic fatty cirrhosis treatment
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*survive with intensive quality feeding
*Identify and send to market Does not cross fence line Note: different from “lupinosis” in Europe & Australia |
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Crotalaria
main systems affected |
hepatic
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Senecio
main systems affected |
liver
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Xanthium
main systems affected |
Liver, GIT
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Cyads
main systems affected |
CNS
Liver |
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Ammi
common name |
Bishops weed
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Ammi
Toxic agent |
*Toxic agents = xanthotoxin and bergapten (furocoumarins)
*Psoralens |
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Ammi
Disease syndrome |
Primary PS
-edema/swollen head, dyspnea from swelling -crusting of lips -corneal opacity |
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Ammi
animals affected |
*Cattle
*Sheep *Geese and ducks *Humans (skin contact) |
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Ammi
lesions |
photosensitization
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Ammi
treatment |
Eliminate direct UV exposure
Remove green plant material from diet Supportive care |
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Cooperia
common name |
Rain lilly
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Cooperia
Disease syndrome |
primary PS
*sheep: hyperemia inside ears *Horses = sand burn Corneal opacity +/- skin cracks on legs from contact |
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Cooperia
animals affected |
*Cattle
*Deer *+/-Horse |
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Cooperia
lesions |
primary ps
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Cooperia
treatment |
Eliminate direct UV exposure
Remove green plant material from diet Supportive care |
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Cooperia
toxic agent |
Fungus grows on this plant at the tips of the leaves – actually causes the problem
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thamnosma
common name |
dutchman's breeches
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thamnosma
toxic agent |
dutchman's breeches
Linear furocoumarins (psoralens) |
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thamnosma
disease syndrome |
dutchman's breeches
primary photosensitization so no liver lesions -corneal opacity |
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thamnosma
animals affected |
dutchman's breeches
*Cattle *Sheep *Humans (skin contact) |
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thamnosma
lesions |
dutchman's breeches
primary photosensitization |
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thamnosma
treatment |
dutchman's breeches
Eliminate direct UV exposure Remove green plant material from diet Supportive care |
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Agave
common name |
Lechugilla
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Agave
toxic agent |
Saponin
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Agave
disease syndrome |
2' PS
-Icterus common -BUN elevated -Albuminuria -Polymorphonuclear leukocytosis |
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Agave
animals affected |
*Primarily sheep and goats (if hungry)
*Cattle (drought) |
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Agave
lesions |
*Lesions
-Skin – normal PS -Liver – light brown or yellow, thickened capsule -Distended gall bladder (b/c inappetant) -Kidneys – green-black, swollen, subcapsular gray specks |
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Agave
treatment |
Eliminate direct UV exposure
Remove green plant material from diet Supportive care |
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Nolina texana
common name |
Sacahuista
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Nolina texana
toxic agent |
Saponin in fruit/flower
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Nolina texana
disease syndrome |
*Secondary PS*
Not enough chlorophyll so requires another source for PS |
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Nolina texana
animals affected |
*Cattle
*Sheep *Goats |
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Nolina texana
lesions |
2' photosenstiziation
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Nolina texana
treatment |
Eliminate direct UV exposure
Remove green plant material from diet Supportive care |
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Panicum coloratum
common name |
kleingrass 75
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Panicum coloratum
toxic agent |
kleingrass 75
*Saponin (not all Kleingrasses) |
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Panicum coloratum
disease syndrome |
Icterus common
*Horses = liver lesions and icterus, +/- PS |
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Panicum coloratum
animals affected |
*Lambs/kids very susceptible
*Mature sheep/ goats more resistant *Horses (eating hay) |
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Panicum coloratum
lesions |
2' photosensitization
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Panicum coloratum
treatment |
Eliminate direct UV exposure
Remove green plant material from diet Supportive care |
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Cyndon
systems affected |
Bermuda
Resp and PS |
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Eupatorium
systems affected |
White Snakeroot
PS and CNS 1' in angora goats |
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Kochia
systems affected |
PS and soluble oxalate
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Lantana
systems affected |
PS and GIT
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photosensitization caused by
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caused by photodynamic/pthototoxic agent in perph circulation
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primary photosensitization
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animal ingests photodynamic agent--> (may be biotransformed)-->photophobia + corneal opacity
any herbivore can be affected no liver injury more likely to be photophobic than 2' |
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secondary photosensitization
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aka hepatogenous PS
animal eats hepatotoxin + chlorophyll source--> rumen flora turns chlorophyll to phylloerythrin--> liver is to damaged so phylloerythrin goes into syst circulation rarely equine (cecum) usually rum affected more lethal than primary |
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congenital photosensitization
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cattle, swine, southdown sheep
inherited disorder of porphyrin metabolism (heme synthesis) porphyrin = photodynamic agent |
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MOA of photosensitizing agents
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DNA interaction,
cell membrane alterations, protein interactions/enzyme inactivation |
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PS clinical signs: early
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Erythema
Puritus Shaking head Pain around coronary bands (hoofs and horns) |
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PS clinical signs: progressive
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Swelling/edema of ears and other exposed skin
Cracking skin w/ exuding serum Corneal opacity = phototoxic agent in eye, bring in H2O |
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PS treatment
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Eliminate direct UV exposure
Remove green plant material from diet Supportive care |
