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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cholecalciferol (Vit D3) Rodenticides
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Rapid Absoprtion
VitD-BPs carry them to Liver Cause Hypercalcemia |
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PTH effects on the:
Kidney |
Increases distal tubular reabsorption of Ca++
Increases P excretion (Kidney also converts VitD precursors to active VitD - which will increase Ca as well) |
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PTH effects on the:
GI |
Increased Absorption
-via increased Calcitriol -increases Ca and P absorption |
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PTH effects on the:
Bone |
Release of Ca and P from Bone
Increase Clast absorption Increase osteocytic activity |
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Calcitriol on GI
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stimulates Calbindin-D protein formation
Increases Ca and P absorption |
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Calcitriol on Bone and Kidney
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enhance PTH action on osteoclasts
Increases Ca and P absorption by renal epithelial cells |
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Clinical Signs of non-coag rodenticides?
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@12-18hrs post (up to 36)
CNS, GI, Renal Anorexia, Depression Vomit, Diarrhea PU, PD Later Signs: Hypercalcemia and all the seizure, Vtach that goes along with it. |
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Treatment (Big 3?)
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Volume Expansion (Fluid Therapy)
Diuretics (Furosemide) Glucocorticoids |
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Fluid Therapy
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0.9% Saline (no Ca in it --- and Na can get preferentially resorbed instead of Ca)
Correct Dehydration 4-6 hours before starting on Diuretics |
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Diuretics
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1-5 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.2-1.0 mg/kg/hr CRI to effect
Match Volume Lost! |
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Glucocorticoids
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Works at all 3 organ levels to reduce Ca absorption and promote exretion
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Other less common treatments?
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Calcitonin, Bisphosphonates, Hemodialysis, Ca Channel Blockers, NaHCO3
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BROMETHALIN
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Absorbed relatively rapidly (4hrs) and does Enterohepatic Recirculation. (so repeated AC)
Cats are more sensitive. Uncouples Oxidative Phosphorylation no ATP Na/K Pump craps out organ dysfunction |
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Signs
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Edema (high ICP)
Ascending paralysis Death due to Respiratory muscle paralysis, brain swelling, seizure |
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When you think Bromethalin, you unfortunately thing....
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Seizure, Coma, Death
(usually within 10-24hrs) |
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Dx-ing Bromethalin
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nothing good ante-mortem...
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Tx for Bromethalin
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no Antidote.
Decon, Support Repeated AC doses ...poor prognosis |
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Zinc and Aluminum Phosphide
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Make Phosphide Gas
...basically ruins everything in your body - good freaking luck. fortunately, its just not easily available anymore. |
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Strychnine
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Alkaloid toxin from Strychnos-nux vomica tree
Glycine Inhibitor Dogs a little more sensitive Raptors get secondary tox from eating rodents |
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Strychnine Signs
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Glycine inhibited - so no central inhibition.
Excessive Sensory Input Exaggerated Motor response Tonic-Clonic Seizure Death from Respiratory Arrest |
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When do you see signs?
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10-120 mins post ingestion
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Dx?
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Eliminated in urine quickly (within 1-2 days) -- can test for Strychnine in urine
Post Mortem will have rapid onset of Rigor Mortus |
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Tx?
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Before signs - Emesis, AC
Control Seizures while toxin is being metabolized. Mannitol if high ICP Fluids, O2 Dark, Quite (they are extrasensitive) |
