Towns Key Terms

Front 1

Joint capsule- structure

Back 1

A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane

Front 2

Lateral

Back 2

Away from the midline

Front 3

Ligament-function

Back 3

Connects bone to bone and stabilised joint during movement

Front 4

Ligament-structure

Back 4

A tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue

Front 5

Medial

Back 5

Towards the midline

Front 6

Motor neurone

Back 6

A nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres

Front 7

Motor unit

Back 7

A motor neuron and the muscle fibres stimulated by its axon

Front 8

Movement analysis

Back 8

Analysis of the type and cause of bodily movement

Front 9

Neurontransmitter

Back 9

A chemical (acetylcholine) produces and secreted by a neutron which transmits the nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft to the muscle fibres

Front 10

Synovial fluid

Back 10

Lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity

Front 11

Tendon

Back 11

A fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Front 12

Transverse plane

Back 12

Lies horizontally

Divides body into top and bottom halfs

Front 13

Rotation

Back 13

Movement where by articulating bone turn about their longitudinal axis in a screwdriver action

Front 14

Sagittal plane

Back 14

Lies vertically

Divide body into left and right

Front 15

Slow oxidative muscle fibres

Back 15

Type of muscle fibres rich in mitochondria, myoglobin and capillaries which produces a small amount of force over long period of time

Front 16

Superior

Back 16

Higher on body

Nearer to head

Front 17

Supination

Back 17

Movement that turns palms up

Front 18

Pivot joint

Back 18

A rounded bone articulates with a ring shaped bone which restricts motion to one plane

Front 19

Plane of movement

Back 19

The description of three dimensional movements at a joint

Front 20

Plantar flexion

Back 20

Movement of ankle joint as the toes move down

Front 21

Posterior

Back 21

Back of body

Front 22

Prime mover

Back 22

Muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement

Front 23

Pronation

Back 23

Turning palms downward

Front 24

Gliding joint

Back 24

Almost flat similar sized bones articulate with limited motion in three places eg spine

Front 25

Antagonist muscle action

Back 25

Paired muscle action

As the agonist muscle shortens to create movement, the antagonist lengthens to coordinate the action

Front 26

Anterior

Back 26

Front of the body

Front 27

Appendicular skeleton

Back 27

The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it

It’s function is movement

Front 28

Fast glycolytic muscle fibres

Back 28

A type of muscle fibre rich in phosphoceatine which produces a maximal force over a short period of time

Front 29

Fixator

Back 29

A muscle that stabilises has me part of the body while another moves

Front 30

Flexion

Back 30

Movement which decreases the joint angle, usually to the front of the body

Front 31

Frontal plane

Back 31

Lies vertically

It divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Front 32

Condyloid joint

Back 32

Similar to ball and socket with flatter bone surfaces to allow motion in two planes

eg wrist joint

Front 33

Delayed onset muscle soreness

Back 33

Pain and stiffness felt in the muscle which peaks 24-72hrs after exercise

Front 34

Dorsi flexion

Back 34

Movement at the ankle joint as the toes move up

Front 35

Hinge joint

Back 35

Hinge joint a cylindrical shaped bone held tightly by ligament which limit sideways movement

Motion restricted to one plane eg elbow

Front 36

Eccentric contraction

Back 36

Muscular contraction which lengthens while producing tension

Front 37

Extension

Back 37

Movement which increases the angle

Usually to the back of the body

Front 38

Ball and socket joint

Back 38

Ball shaped head articulates with a cup-shaped socket to give a large range of motion in all three planes

Eg hip and shoulder

Front 39

Bursa-function

Back 39

Reduces friction between tendons and bones

Front 40

Buts- structure

Back 40

A closed, fluid filled sac found where tendons rub over bones

Front 41

Concentric contractions

Back 41

Muscular contraction which shortens which producing tension

Front 42

Horizontal extension

Back 42

Movement of limbs away from the midline of the body parallel to the ground

Front 43

Horizontal flexion

Back 43

Movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body parallel to the ground

Front 44

Abduction

Back 44

Movement of limbs away from the midline of the body

Front 45

Action potential

Back 45

Positive electric charge inside the nerve and muscle cells which impulse down the neutron and the muscle fibre

Front 46

Adduction

Back 46

Movement of limbs towards the midline of the body

Front 47

Agonist

Back 47

A muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint

Hint 47

Also known as prime mover

Front 48

Antagonist

Back 48

Muscle that opposes the agonist providing a resistance for coordinated movement

Front 49

All or none law

Back 49

Depending on whether the stimulus is above a threshold, all muscle fibres will give a complete contraction or no contraction at all

Front 50

Articular cartilage function

Back 50

Absorbs shock and allows friction free movement

Front 51

Articular cartilage structure

Back 51

Smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating bones

Front 52

Articulating bones

Back 52

Bones that meet at the joint to enable movement

Front 53

Articulating bones

Back 53

Bones that meet at the joint to enable movement

Front 54

Axial skeleton

Back 54

Purely for protection

It’s part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column,sternum and ribs

Front 55

Articulating bones

Back 55

Bones that meet at the joint to enable movement

Front 56

Axial skeleton

Back 56

Purely for protection

It’s part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column,sternum and ribs

Front 57

Inferior

Back 57

Lower on the body

Farther from the head

Front 58

Articulating bones

Back 58

Bones that meet at the joint to enable movement

Front 59

Axial skeleton

Back 59

Purely for protection

It’s part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column,sternum and ribs

Front 60

Inferior

Back 60

Lower on the body

Farther from the head

Front 61

Isotonic contraction

Back 61

Muscular contraction which changes length during its contraction

This can occur in two ways

Concentric and eccentric contractioni

Front 62

Isometric contraction

Back 62

Muscular contraction which stays the same length while producing tension

Front 63

Joint

Back 63

An area of the body where two or more bones articulate to create human movement

Front 64

Joint

Back 64

An area of the body where two or more bones articulate to create human movement

Front 65

Joint capsule function

Back 65

Enclosed and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid