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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who were the main candidates for succeeding Lenin?
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Josef Stalin and Leon Trotsky
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What stances did Stalin and Trotsky take on the NEP?
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Trotsky wanted to end it and get back to communism, and Stalin wanted to continue it simply to oppose Trotsky.
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How was Stalin able to assume power, rather than Trotsky?
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He had appointed most of the government officials, so they would vote for him. Also, Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Preobrazhensky supported Stalin over Trotsky.
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Why did Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Preobrazhensky support Stalin?
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They thought they could control him.
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What happened to Trotsky after Stalin came to power?
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1925 he was fired from war commissar, 1927 expelled from the Communist party, 1928 expelled from Russia, and 1940 killed in Mexico by Stalin's secret police, who used an icepick.
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What is the era from 1928 to 1932 in Russia called?
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Stalin's First Five-Year Plan
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What sort of economy did Stalin introduce?
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a command economy: Gosplan determines what everyone produces, how much of it, and what prices and wages to set.
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How was Stalin's purging different from Lenin's purging?
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Stalin arrested and tortured his opponents into confessing in a public trial, sometimes even televising these confessions, to remove any traces of martyrdom.
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What did Stalin do to agriculture during the first Five-Year Plan?
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He collectivized, grouping farmers together on huge farms, introducing machinery, needing fewer people.
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What happened to the extra farmers who couldn't work on the collectivized farms?
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They were brought to the city and became industrial workers.
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When did Stalin collectivize agriculture?
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He started in 1929-30, then stopped in 1930-1, starting up again in 1931-2.
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What was the result of the collectivization of agriculture by Stalin?
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a famine, from 1931-4, involving 5-6 million deaths, mostly in the Ukraine
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What were the large, collectivized farms called?
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Kolhoz
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How did Stalin tax his farmers?
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He levied a grain tax, and took it even if it left the farmers with nothing to eat.
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What did Stalin use the grain tax for?
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trading with other countries for machinery to conduct rapid industrialization
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By what factor did the USSR's electricity output increase during the first Five-Year Plan?
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2.7
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By what factor did the USSR's coal output increase during the first Five-Year Plan?
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1.8
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By what factor did the USSR's steel output increase during the first Five-Year Plan?
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1.5
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By what factor did the USSR's electricity output increase during the second Five-Year Plan?
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2.7
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By what factor did the USSR's coal output increase during the second Five-Year Plan?
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2.0
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By what factor did the USSR's steel output increase during the second Five-Year Plan?
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3.0
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Why did the first Five-Year Plan end early?
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Stalin declared that its goals had been accomplished early.
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Who was purged in 1935?
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Zinoviev, Kamensky, and Preobrazhensky
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What were the mock trials where opponents confessed called?
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Purge Trials, and Show Trials if they were televised
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What did Stalin do to Lenin's Central Communist Committee?
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He executed 70% of them by 1936.
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Who was purged in 1937?
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the military: 60% of the generals and most of the admirals
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Where could one have found images of Stalin's personality cult?
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statues, posters, pictures, artwork, history books, and children's books (as Uncle Joe)
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Who received the personality cult along with Stalin?
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Lenin, to make it seem like Stalin is his heir
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What did Stalin do to increase his reputation?
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He stole others' accomplishments, purged them, and claimed the deeds as his own.
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What are two examples of how big Stalin's personality cult became?
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A Russian mother said, "My children love Stalin most of all, me only second." and he renamed the city of Volgograd to Stalingrad.
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