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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mycology is the study of what?
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Fungi
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True or False:
The number of serious fungal infections is decreasing because of modern medicine. |
False - The number of serious fungal infections are increasing
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Fungi are what type/s of oxygen requirement organism?
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Aerobic or facultative anaerobe
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Fungi are what type of "trophic" organism?
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Chemoheterotrophs
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True or false:
Fungi are decomposers. |
True
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Fungi are the only organisms that can digest what?
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Lignin
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What is lignin?
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Complexed chemical compound found within wood made up with cellulose.
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What are 2 complex molecules that fungi can digest?
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Cellulose & tannins
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True or False:
Very few fungi are parasitic to plants and animals. |
True
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What is another word/term for a fungal body?
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Thallus
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What does the thallus (body) of a fungi consist of?
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Hyphae - long filaments of cells joined together
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What is a term for long filaments of cells that are joined together?
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Hyphae
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What is a mass of hyphae?
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Mycelium
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What are yeast?
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Unicellular fungi
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Are yeasts multicellular or unicellular?
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Unicellular
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What are the 2 types of division that yeast exhibit?
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Fission & budding
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Describe fission yeasts' division.
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Divide metrically; evenly
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Describe budding yeasts division.
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Divide asymmetrically; unevenly
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What is a pseudohyphae?
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A term that refers to a bud that does not separate from the mother cell.
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What are pathogenic dimorphic fungi?
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Yeastlike at 37C and moldlike at 25C
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What type of fungi have the potential to be a yeast or a mold?
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Pathogenic dimorphic fungi
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What are 3 types of asexual spores?
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1. Sporangiospores
2. Conidiospores 3. Chlamydospores |
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What are sporangiospores contained and formed in?
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Sporangium (pl. sporangia)
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What is the stalk that holds the sporangium called?
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Sporangiophore
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What are the extensions from the conidiophore that hold the sporangiospores?
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Sterigmata
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What is the base or stalk that holds the sterigmata and the conidiospores?
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Conidiophore
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What is the differenc between a sporangiospore and a conidiospore?
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Conidiospores are not enclosed in sacs like the sporangiospores.
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What are 2 types of fungi that create conidiospores?
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Penicillium & Aspergillus
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Name 1 type of fungi that create sporangiospores.
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Rhizopus
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Describe a Chlamydospore.
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Thick-walled asexual resting spore of a certain fungi or algae
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Which type of fungi create Chlamydospores?
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Arthrobotrys flagrans
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What type of spore is thick-walled & asexual, found in fungi and algae?
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Chlamydospore
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How are fungi classified?
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Type of sexual spore they form
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When are sexual spores produced?
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Scarce nutrient or water
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What 3 types of environments can fungi grow in?
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Acidic, low moisture, aerobic environments
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What is the term used for fungi that can produce both asexual and sexual spores?
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Teleomorphic fungi
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What is the term used for fungi that can produce only asexual spores?
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Anamorphic fungi
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Name 3 types of telomorphic fungi
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1. Zygomycota
2. Ascomycota 3. Basidiomycota |
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What type of spores do Zygomycota create?
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Sproangiospores & Zygospores
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What type of spores do Ascomycota create?
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Conidiospores & Ascospores
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What type of spores do Basidiomycota create?
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Conidiospores & Basidiospores
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What type of hyphae do Zygomycota have?
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Coenocytic hyphae (lack cross walls)
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What type of hyphae do Ascomycota have?
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Septate hyphae (have cross walls)
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What type of hyphae do Basidiomycota have?
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Septate hyphae (have cross walss)
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What is the difference between septate hyphae and coenocytic hyphae?
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Septate hyphae (have cross walss)
Coenocytic hyphae (lack cross walls) |
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What are the 3 sexual spores?
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1. Zygospores
2. Ascospores 3. Basidiospores |
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Name 2 fungi that are Zygomycota.
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Rhizopus & Mucor
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Name an Ascomycota fungi that has a septate hyphae.
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Aspergillus
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What type of fungi is Rhizopus and Mucor?
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Zygomycota
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What type of fungi are Cryptococcus and mushrooms?
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Basidiomycota
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What disease does Cryptococcus inhibit?
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Meningoencephalitis
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What is the structure of a basidiospore?
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A group of 4 spores that connect onto a single structure called a basidium, which then protrudes from another larger fruiting body.
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What are the 5 categories of fungal diseases?
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1. Systemic mycoses
2. Subcutaneous mycoses 3. Cutaneous mycoses 4. Superficial mycoses 5. Opportunistic mycoses |
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What does systemic mycoses affect?
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Fungal infetions deep within the body that affects many tissues and organs.
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What general systemic infection does Rhizopus and Mucor cause?
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Pulmonary infections
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What does subcutaneous mycoses affect?
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Infections beneath the skin .
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Name a type of subcutaneous infection/disease (hint; caused by sporothrix).
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Gardeners' disease
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What type of a specific fungi causes a subcutaneous mycoses?
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Sporothrix causes sporotricosis.
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What does cutaneous mycoses affect?
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Keratin-containing tissues such as hair, nails, skin (yeast infections by C. albicans).
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What does superficial mycoses affect?
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Localized on hair shafts and superficial skin cells (athlete's foot).
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What is Opportunistic mycoses?
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Disease in which is caused by a fungi that are not usually pathogenic, but is pathogenic because it is out of its' environment; within its's own environment, its not usually pathogenic.
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Name 3 opportunistic diseases and name the fungi that cause them.
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1. Pneumonia - Pneumocystis
2. Aspergillosis - Aspergillus 3. Candidiasis - Candida |
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True or False:
Opportunistic mycoses can infect any tissue, BUT are USUALLY systemic. |
True
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Name a fungi that is Ascomycota.
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Aspergillus
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Name a fungi that is Basidiomycota.
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Cryptococcus & mushroom
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What type of infection does Cryptococcus cause?
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Cryptococcosis aka "meningoencephalitis"
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What type of fungi is used to produce wine bread?
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Saccharomyces (yeast)
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What do Saccharomyces economically produce?
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Wine bread
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What do Trichoderma economically produce?
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Cellulase, to remove the cell walls from plants, vegetables, and fruits; used to make juices clear
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What fungi is used for its' cellulase to remove plant cell walls so that juices can be clear?
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Trichoderma
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What fungi is used to kill the gypsy moth (bug that was destroying trees).
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Entomophaga maimaiga
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What does the fungi Entomophaga maimaiga do for our economic system?
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Biological pest control - kills gypsy moth
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What is the disease that kills chestnut trees?
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Chestnut blight
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What can the mycotoxin Ergot cause in humans?
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Constriction of blood vessels causing gangrene
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What can the mycotoxin Ergot cause in humans?
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Constriction of blood vessels causing gangrene
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What fungi creates the mycotoxin Ergot?
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Claviceps purpurea
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What fungi creates the mycotoxin Ergot?
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Claviceps purpurea
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What fungi and mycotoxin is used to make LSD?
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Claviceps purpurea - Ergot
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What fungi and mycotoxin is used to make LSD?
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Claviceps purpurea - Ergot
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What mycotoxin and fungi causes liver damage?
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Rubratoxin - Penicillium sp.
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What mycotoxin and fungi causes liver damage?
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Rubratoxin - Penicillium sp.
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Which fungi does the mycotoxin Rubratoxin & Patulin derive from?
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Penicillium sp.
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Which fungi does the mycotoxin Rubratoxin & Patulin derive from?
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Penicillium sp.
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What does Rubratoxin do to humans?
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Liver damage
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What does Rubratoxin do to humans?
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Liver damage
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What does Patulin do and what fungi does it derive from?
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Carcinogen to lab animals - Penicillium sp.
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What does Patulin do and what fungi does it derive from?
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Carcinogen to lab animals - Penicillium sp.
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What causes nephrotoxicity?
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Ochratoxin from Aspergillus ochraceus
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What causes nephrotoxicity?
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Ochratoxin from Aspergillus ochraceus
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What does Ochratoxin cause and what fungi does it derive from?
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Nephrotoxicity - Aspergillus ochraceus
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What does Ochratoxin cause and what fungi does it derive from?
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Nephrotoxicity - Aspergillus ochraceus
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What fungi & mycotoxin causes hepatoma?
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Aspergillus flavus - Aflatoxin
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What fungi & mycotoxin causes hepatoma?
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Aspergillus flavus - Aflatoxin
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What does the mycotoxin Aflatoxin cause and what fungi is it derived from?
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Hepatoma - Aspergillus flavus
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What fungi species & mycotoxin causes vomitoxin?
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Fusarium sp. - Trichothecene
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What does Trichothecene cause and what fungi sp. is it derived from?
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Vomitoxin - Fusarium sp.
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What 2 mycotoxins do the Fusarium species create?
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Trichothecen & Zearalenone
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What does the mycotoxin Zearalenone cuase and what fungi species does it derive from?
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Infertility & abortion - Fusarium sp.
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What 2 mycotoxins does the Penicillium species create?
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Rubratoxin & Patulin
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