Torso Muscles

Front 1

Origin:
Splenius Capitis
(inferior attachment)

Back 1

Fascia and spinous processes of seventh cervical and first four thoracic vertebrae

Front 2

Insertion:
Splenius Capitis
(superior attachment)

Back 2

Lateral one third of the superior nuchal line and the mastoid process of the temporal bone

Front 3

Action:
Splenius Capitis

Back 3

Extends and hyperextends the head. Contraction of only one side laterally flexes and rotates the head and neck.

Front 4

Splenius means _______.

Back 4

Bandage - the muscles seem to wrap around the deeper neck muscles.

Front 5

Trigger Point:
Splenius Capitis

Back 5

In the belly, close to the head

Front 6

Referred Pain Pattern:
Splenius Capitis

Back 6

To the top of the head and eye region (pain goes to behind eyes but not all around the head)

Front 7

Synergists:
Splenius Capitis

Back 7

- Splenius Cervicis
- Semispinalis Capitis
- Superior portion of trapezius

Front 8

Antagonist:
Splenius Capitis

Back 8

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 9

Origin:
Splenius Cervicis
(inferior attachment)

Back 9

Spinour processes of third through sixth thoracic vertebrae

Front 10

Insertion:
Splenius Cervicis
(superior attachment)

Back 10

Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the first three cervical vertebrae

Front 11

Action:
Splenius Cervicis

Back 11

The muscles extend and hyperextend the neck. Contraction of only one side laterally flexes and rotates the neck and head

Front 12

Trigger points:
Splenius Cervicis

Back 12

In the belly of the muscle and near the insertion.

Front 13

Synergists:
Splenius Cervicis

Back 13

- Splenius capitis
- Semispinalis capitis
- Superior portion of the trapezius

Front 14

Antagonist:
Splenius Cervicis

Back 14

- Rectus capitis anterior
- Sternocleidomastoid

Front 15

Origin:
Erector Spinae/
Iliocostalis Cervicis

Back 15

Angles of the third through sixth ribs

Front 16

Insertion:
Erector Spinae/
Iliocostalis cervicis

Back 16

Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fourth through seventh cervical vertebrae

Front 17

Action:
Erector Spinae/
Iliocostalis Cervicis

Back 17

Extension, lateral flexion of the vertebral column

Front 18

Origin:
Erector Spinae/
Iliocostalis Thoracis

Back 18

Angles of the lower six ribs medial to the iliocostalis lumborum

Front 19

Insertion
Erector Spinae/
Iliocostalis Thoracis

Back 19

Superior border at the angles of the upper six ribs

Front 20

Action:
Erector Spinae/
Iliocostalis Thoracis

Back 20

Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column

Front 21

Origin:
Erector Spinae/
Iliocostalis Lumborum

Back 21

Medial and lateral sacral crests and medial part of iliac crest

Front 22

Insertion:
Erector Spinae/
Iliocostalis Lumborum

Back 22

Angles of all ribs (depending on reference, varies from lower six to all ribs)

Front 23

Synergists:
Erector Spinae/
Iliocostalis group

Back 23

- longissimus, semispinalis, and spinalis groups
- quadratus lumborum

Front 24

Angatonists:
Erector Spinae/
Iliocostalis group

Back 24

Rectus Abdominus

Front 25

Origin:
Erector Spinae/
Longissimus cervicis

Back 25

Transverse processes of upper five thoracic vertebrae

Front 26

Insertion:
Erector Spinae/
Longissimus cervicis

Back 26

Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the second through sixth cervical vertebrae

Front 27

Action:
Erector Spinae/
Longissimus cervicis

Back 27

Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Front 28

Origin:
Erector Spinae/
Longissimus capitis

Back 28

Transverse processes of upper five thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of lower four cervical vertebrae

Front 29

Insertion:
Erector Spinae/
Longissimus Capitis

Back 29

Posterior aspect of mastoid process of temporal bone

Front 30

Action:
Erector Spinae/
Longissimus Capitis

Back 30

Extends and rotates the head

Front 31

Origin:
Erector Spinae/
Longissimus thoracis

Back 31

Aponeurosis and transverse processes of the lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae

Front 32

Insertion:
Erector Spinae/
Longissimus thoracis

Back 32

Transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae and between tubercles and angles of lower ten ribs

Front 33

Action:
Erector Spinae/
Longissimus thoracis

Back 33

Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Front 34

Synergists:
Erector Spinae/
Longissimus group

Back 34

- iliocostalis, semispinalis,and spinalis groups

Front 35

Antagonists:
Erector Spinae/
Longissimus group

Back 35

- rectus abdominus

Front 36

Origin:
Erector Spinae/
Spinalis Capitis

Back 36

Transverse processes of upper seven thoracic and articular processes of fourth through seventh cervical vertebrae

Front 37

Insertion:
Erector Spinae/
Spinalis Capitis

Back 37

Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone

Front 38

Action:
Erector Spinae/
Spinalis Capitis

Back 38

Extends the vertebral column

Front 39

Origin:
Erector Spinae/
Spinalis Cervicis

Back 39

Spinous process of first and second thoracic and seventh cervical vertebrae

Front 40

Insertion:
Erector Spinae/
Spinalis Cervicis

Back 40

Spinous process of first and second cervical vertebrae

Front 41

Action:
Erector Spinae/
Spinalis Cervicis

Back 41

Extends the vertebral column

Front 42

Origin:
Erector Spinae/
Spinalis Cervicis

Back 42

Spinous processes of the lower two thoracic and upper two lumbar vertebrae

Front 43

Insertion:
Erector Spinae/
Spinalis Cervicis

Back 43

Spinous process of upper eight thoriacic vertebrae

Front 44

Action:
Erector Spinae/
Spinalis Cervicis

Back 44

Extends the vertebral column

Front 45

Trigger Points:
Erector Spinae/
Spinalis Group

Back 45

midscapular and lumbar region

Front 46

Referred Pain Pattern:
Erector Spinae/
Spinalis group

Back 46

To the scapular, lumbar, gluteal, and abdominal region

Front 47

Synergists:
Erector Spinae/
Spinalis group

Back 47

- longissimus, semispinalis, and iliocostalis group

Front 48

Origin:
Quadratus Lumborum

Back 48

Iliolumbar ligament and the posterior portion of the iliac crest

Front 49

Insertion:
Quadratus Lumborum

Back 49

Inferior border of last rib and the transverse processes of the first four lumbar vertebrae

Front 50

Action:
Quadratus Lumborum

Back 50

FLexes lumbar region of vertebral column laterally to the same side. Both muscles together stabilizes and extends the lumbar vertebrae and assists forced expiration

Front 51

Trigger Points:
Quadratus Lumborum

Back 51

Found laterally near the rib or iliac attachment

Front 52

Referred Pain Pattern:
Quadratus Lumborum

Back 52

Found in the gluteal and groin area and also in the sacroiliac joint and the greater trochanter (if trigger points are active, a cough or sneeze can cause severe pain in lower back)

Front 53

Synergists:
Quadratus Lumborum

Back 53

- Iliocostalis lumborum
- Longissimus Thoraicis
- Psoas major

Front 54

Origin:
Serratus Posterior Superior

Back 54

Lower portion of ligamentum nuchae and the spinour processes of the sixth and seventh cervical through the third thoracic vertebrae

Front 55

Insertion:
Serratus Posterior Superior

Back 55

Upper border and external surfaces of ribs two through five lateral to their angles

Front 56

Action:
Serratus Posterior Superior

Back 56

Assists in raising ribs during inspiration

Front 57

Trigger points:
Serratus Posterior Superior

Back 57

Under the scapula near the insertion of the muscle on the ribs

Front 58

Referred Pain Pattern:
Serratus Posterior Superior

Back 58

Under the upper portion of the scapula

Front 59

Synergists:
Serratus Posterior Superior

Back 59

- levatores costarum
- scalenus posterior

Front 60

Origin:
Serratus Posterior Inferior

Back 60

Spinous process of the last two thoracic and upper three lumbar vertebrae

Front 61

Insertion:
Serratus Posterior Inferior

Back 61

Inferior borders and outer surfaces of lower four ribs just lateral to the angles

Front 62

Action:
Serratus Posterior Inferior

Back 62

Depresses last four ribs

(somewhat controversial in light of recent studies showing no electromyographic activity during respiration)

Front 63

Trigger Point:
Serratus Posterior Inferior

Back 63

In the belly of the muscle near the eleventh rib.

Front 64

Referred Pain Pattern:
Serratus Posterior Inferior

Back 64

A nagging ache in the area of the muscle

Front 65

Synergists:
Serratus Posterior Inferior

Back 65

- internal intercostals

Front 66

Antagonists:
Serratus Posterior Inferior

Back 66

- external intercostals
- serratus posterior superior

Front 67

Origin:
Diaphragm

Back 67

First three lumbar vertebrae, lower six costal cartilages, and inner sufrace of xiphoid process of sternum

Front 68

Insertion:
Diaphragm

Back 68

Muscle fibers converge upward and inward to form the central tendon

Front 69

Action:
Diaphragm

Back 69

Flattens on contraction increasing the vertical dimensions of thorax

Front 70

The most important muscle of inspriation

Back 70

Diaphragm

Front 71

Origin:
Rectus Abdominis

Back 71

Crest of pubis and pubic symphysis

Front 72

Insertion:
Rectus Abdominis

Back 72

Cartilage of fifth, sixth, and seventh rib and xiphoid process of sternum

Front 73

Action:
Rectus Abdominis

Back 73

Compresses the abdominal cavity and flexes the vertebral column

Front 74

Tendinous bands divide each _____ into four bellies.

Back 74

Rectus

Front 75

Trigger Points:
Rectus Abdominis

Back 75

located in each belly near the linear alba

Front 76

Synergists:
Rectus Abdominis

Back 76

- external and internal obliques
- pyramidalis

Front 77

Antagonist:
Rectus Abdominis

Back 77

erector spinae group

Front 78

Origin:
External Oblique

Back 78

External surface of the lower eight ribs

Front 79

Insertion:
External Oblique

Back 79

Anterior part of iliac crest and by abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Front 80

Action:
External Oblique

Back 80

Compresses the abdominal cavity. Laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column. Both sides flex vertebral column anteriorly.

Front 81

Synergists:
External Oblique

Back 81

- rectus abdominis
- internal oblique
- psoas major

Front 82

Antagonist:
External Oblique

Back 82

Back muscles, especially erector spinae group

Front 83

Origin:
Internal Oblique

Back 83

Lateral half of inguinal ligament, anterior two thirds of the iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia

Front 84

Insertion:
Internal Oblique

Back 84

Upper fibers into cartilages of last three ribs, the remainder into the aponeurosis extending from the tenth costal cartilage to the pubic bone

Front 85

Action:
Internal Oblique

Back 85

Compresses abdominal contents, laterally bends and rotates vertebral column. It also aids the rectus abdominus in flexing vertebral column.

Front 86

Important muscle in forced expiration, coughing, and sneezing; contraction squeezes abdominal contents

Back 86

Internal Oblique

Front 87

Synergists:
Internal Oblique

Back 87

- external oblique
- rectus abdominis

Front 88

Antagonist:
Internal Oblique

Back 88

erector spinae

Front 89

Origin:
Transverse Abdominal

Back 89

Lateral part of inguinal ligamint, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and cartilage of lower six ribs

Front 90

Insertion:
Transverse Abdominal

Back 90

Abdominal aponeurosis to liea alba

Front 91

Action:
Transverse Abdominal

Back 91

Constricts the abdomen an dsupports the abdominal viscera

Front 92

Innermost of the three abdominal muscle layers. Muscle fibers run horizontally instead of obliquely.

Back 92

Transverse Abdominal