Topics

Front 1

Generalisations & specifics

Back 1

- small item of information are ..

- precise and detailed information

- general statement = generalization تعميم

- make a detailed lists of things you need

- peculiar = odd =strange

Front 2

Advantages

Back 2

- an advantage of

- a benefit

- a positive aspect

- a good point

- an argument in favour of

Front 3

disadvantages

Back 3

- a drawback

- a downside

- a negative effect

- a frequent criticism

- an argument against...

- an objection

Front 4

like

see hint...

Back 4

- i am passionate about

- i am fond of

- i am a fan of

- i am into

Hint 4

I am into cooking

Front 5

dislike

see hint..

Back 5

- loathe = very hate

- i can not stand cooking

- is not my cup of tea

- is not my thing

- detest يبغض أو يمقت

- loathe يبغض

Hint 5

- Video games is not my cup of tea

- cycling is not my thing

Front 6

time before

Back 6

- Prior to (this expression is usually followed by a noun or by an -ing verb: For example: Prior to visiting the country, he
had to study the language)

- By the time

-Formerly/Previously

- precede

-Previously

-Previously / Earlier

Front 7

time during

Back 7

- While/As/Just as (While is usually used to talk about long actions. When is usually used to talk about short actions)

- During / Throughout (During must always be followed by a noun. Throughout can be used on its own. For example:
The concert was boring and I slept throughout)

- In the meantime / Meanwhile (If these words are followed by
another word, that word must be a noun)

- At that very moment

Front 8

time after

Back 8

- following + ing/n

- as soon as / once / the minute that

- afterwards

Front 9

past

Back 9

in medieval times /

back in the 1990s /

in those days /

a few decades ago

at the turn of the century

Front 10

past till present

Back 10

ever since /

over the past six weeks /

lately /

for the past few months

Front 11

present

Back 11

as things stand /

nowadays /

at this moment in time /

at this point in history /

these days

Front 12

future

Back 12

for the next few weeks /

one day /

from now on /

over the coming weeks and months /

in another
five years' time /

by the end of this year /

for the foreseeable future / sooner or later

Front 13

make sthg happen

Back 13

caused

led to

bring about

give rise to/given rise to

يؤدي إلي أو يسبب

Front 14

because of sthg

Back 14

thanks to

as a consequence of

on account of

يرجع إلي

Front 15

start as a result of sthg

Back 15

stem from

results from

is due to

ينبع من أو ينشأ عن

Front 16

statement

Back 16

- it is sometimes argued that...

- it is often claimed that...

- it is always said that...

- it is often pointed out that...

- there is the issue of whether or not children ....

- it is often suggested that..

Front 17

expressing probability

Back 17

- are likely to

- are not likely to

- may well

- could well

- may

- may just

- it is quite possible that..

- it is highly unlikely that ..

- it is absolutely likely to..

- in all probability

- in all likelihood

Front 18

Contrast & Comparison

see hint

Back 18

- differ considerably

- the contrast in ...

- differentiate between..

- distinction )a difference or contrast between similar things or people (تميز او تفاوت

- discriminate

- tell apart

- whereas (in contrast with the fact that)

- discrepancy تناقض

- chalk and cheese

Hint 18

- there is a sharp distinction between domestic politics and international politics

- a difference or contrast between similar things or people