Topic 8 (The Brain)

Front 1

Frontal lobe

Back 1

Motor cortex (further maths)

Emotion/ Personality (gage became ^ aggressive)

Reasoning (abnormality in OCD)

Front 2

Parietal lobe

Back 2

Somatosensory cortex - touch, smell, ect... (people say)

Recognition (Recognising a smell > linked to a memory e.g. Sidni & hollister perfume holiday)

Movement & ability to orientate (touch > surrounded by things = ability to orientate)

Front 3

Occipital lobe

Back 3

Visual cortex (open van)

Shape recognition

Sense of perspective

Front 4

Temporal lobe

Back 4

Auditory (take away) - hearing, speech, sound

Recognition (> as sound)

Front 5

Medulla oblongata

Back 5

• automatically controls breathing & heart rate

Front 6

Cerebellum

Back 6

• has a folded cortex

• important for coordinating movement & balance

Front 7

Hypothalamus

Back 7

• homeostasis e.g. thermoregulation

• produces hormones that control the pituitary gland

Front 8

Cerebrum

Back 8

• largest part of brain

• 2 halves called cerebral hemispheres

• thin outer layer called cerebral cortex > ^ SA (highly folded to fit into skull)

• involves in in vision, learning thinking, emotions & movements

• dif parts > dif functions

Front 9

Name the area in dark green (near pituitary gland)

Back 9

Hypothalamus

Front 10

Name the area in light purple

Back 10

Medulla oblongata (in brain stem)

Front 11

Name the area in light green

Back 11

Cerebellum (underneath cerebrum)

Front 12

Name the area in light blue

Back 12

Cerebrum/ cerebral cortex

Front 13

What is the purpose of using brain scanning techniques?

Back 13

• To investigate the structure and function of the brain

• To diagnose medical conditions

Front 14

4 types of scan

Back 14

Computed Tomography (CT)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Front 15

fMRI scan

Back 15

• ^ oxygenated blood flows to active areas

• Deoxyhaemoglobin absorbs radiowaves whilst oxyhemoglobin does not absorb radio waves

• structure & function carried out in scanner = brain ^ active in particular region

• diagnosis > abnormal activity > damaged area e.g. seizures

Front 16

CT scans

Back 16

• uses x rays > dense areas absorb ^ radiation > show ‘dark’ colour

• shows major structures of the brain damaged/diseased > able to determine function of that area

• diagnosis > blood = lower density than brain tissue so lighter colour > extent of bleeding

Front 17

PET scan (outline)

Back 17

• Uses x rays

• highlight active areas of the brain > detects the radioactivity of the tracer

• radioactive tracer incorporated into compounds (02, water, glucose, ect...)

• structure & function > shows structure of areas & activity/inactivity indicates function

• diagnosis > areas active/inactive detected > study disorders changing brain activity (e.g. Parkinson’s= reduction in function of the motor cortex)

Front 18

MRI scans

Back 18

• use really strong magnetic fields & radio waves

• investigating brain structure > able to differentiate between abnormal & normal tissue > dif tissues respond dif to magnetic field > damaged area used to work out function

• diagnosis > damaged/diseased brain region > e.g. brain tumour cells respond dif to mag field - lighter colour > treatment

Front 19

What type of brain scan?

Back 19

fMRI scan

Front 20

What type of brain scan?

Back 20

PET scan

Front 21

What type of brain scan?

Back 21

MRI scan

Front 22

What type of brain scan?

Back 22

CT scans