Topic 7B - Exercise And Health

Front 1

What is an issue with injuring the body?

Back 1

1. Some injuries cause permanent damage to the body, but people can recover from some injuries if they're treated correctly.
   
2. A lot of injuries occur while playing sport as the body is under a lot of stress.
   
3. Advances in medical technology can help people to recover and participate in sports.
   

Front 2

How is keyhole surgery performed?

Back 2

1. Keyhole surgery is a way of doing surgery without making a large incision in the skin.
   
2. Surgeons make a smaller incision in the patient and insert a tiny video camera and specialised medical instruments through the incision into the body.
   

Front 3

What are the advantages of keyhole surgery?

Back 3

1. Operations don't involve opening up the patient as much, so patients lose less blood and have less scarring on the skin.
   
2. Patients are in less pain and recover more quickly because less damage is done.
   
3. This makes it easier for the patient to return to normal activities and hospital stay is shorter.
   

Front 4

How is a cruciate ligament fixed by keyhole surgery?

Back 4

1. A common sports injury is damage to the cruciate ligaments - ligaments found in the middle of your knee, connecting thigh bone to your lower leg bone.
   
2. Damaged cruciate ligaments can be removed and replaced with a graft, usually taken from tendon in the leg, or a donor's tendon.
   

Front 5

How do prostheses replace damaged body parts?

Back 5

1. Prostheses can be used to replace whole limbs or parts of limbs.
   
2. Some include electronic devices which operate the prosthesis by picking up information sent to the nervous system.
   
3. They allow people with some disabilities to participate in sport.
   

Front 6

How can damaged knee joints be replaced by prosthesis?

Back 6

1. A metal device is inserted into the knee to replace damaged cartilage and bone.
   
2. The knee joint and ends of the leg bones are replaced to provide a smooth knee joint. Cushioning helps to reduce impact on the knee.
   
3. A knee joint replacement aids people with serious knee conditions to move around again.
   

Front 7

What are the different types of performance-enhancing drugs?

Back 7

• Anabolic steroids - these drugs increase strength, speed and stamina by increasing muscle size. They also increase aggression.
  
• Stimulants - speed up reactions, reduce fatigue and increase aggression.
  
• Narcotic analgesics - reduce pain pain so injuries don't affect performance.
  

Front 8

What are the arguments against using performance-enhancing drugs?

Back 8

• Some are illegal.
  
• Competitions become unfair if some people take drugs - they will gain an advantage not through training.
  
• There are serious health risks including high blood pressure and heart problems.
  
• Athletes may not be fully informed of the risks.
  

Front 9

What are the arguments for using performance-enhancing drugs?

Back 9

1. It's up to the individual - athletes have a right to make own decisions about taking drugs and whether they're worth it.
   
2. Drug-free sport isn't fair - athletes have different access to different facilities, coaches. The use of performance-enhancing drugs may overcome inequalities.