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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain altruism with reference to ethical hedonism. |
Behaving in a way that helps another person, with no apparent gain or with potential cost to oneself.
It is argued that 'altruistic' behaviour is done to make one feel better about oneself and is, as such, ethical hedonism. |
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Expand reciprocal altruism |
natural selection favours altruistic organisms when the behaviour's benefit over time exceeds its cost. Furthermore, altruism maximises inclusive fitness. |
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Explain social influence |
The influence of the presence of others on thought, feelings, and behaviour. Door-in-the-face is when one asks for a request (knowing it will be turned down) then backing down, knowing the other will behave similarly. Foot-in-the-door is when one asks for a small favour to ensure someone will agree to a larger favour later (people feel more akin to those they have helped a small amount, seeing it as bonding). Low-balling is committing to a request, then changing the conditions after the fact. |
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Explain obedience |
A process of social influence whereby individuals follow (or conform to) the dictates of an authority. See Milgrim's obedience experiment. |
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Explain conformity with reference to Asch |
The changing of one's attitude to accommodate the standards of ones peer group. Asch demonstrated that many people will conform to a group consensus, even if they know the consensus to be explicitly incorrect. |
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Explain groups and their phenomena |
Groups are a collection of people whose actions affect the individuals in a group. Social facilitation describes how the presence of others can encourage or inhibit behaviours, depending on the nature of the behaviour and the individuals present. Social loafing describes how some may exert less effort in a group, expecting other members to pick up their slack. |
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Explain the bystander effect with reference to diffusion of responsibility. |
a group phenomena where, in a situation of crisis, an individual may often not intervene or provide aid, rationalised by the notion that someone else can. People are particularly unlikely to help if no one else is helping. People experience a diminished sense of responsibility when in a group (diffusion of responsibility) |
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Explain [interpersonal] attraction, with reference to relationships and factors influencing attraction. |
Interpersonal attraction describes the reasons why people choose to spend time with, or develop romantic or platonic relationships (particularly, a desire and need to affiliate) with others. Need to belong: Humans are compelled to be involved in relationships with others, and much of what we do and don't do is to maintain social inclusion. Proximity: Being in close proximity to people (workmates, classmates, family, etc.) facilitates the development of relationships. Similarity and attractiveness are also factors affecting the development of relationships. |
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Describe interpersonal reward, social exchange theory, and love. |
Interpersonal reward: Degree to which a relationship/interaction with others. Note Lott & Lott '74: people are more likely to want to continue associating with someone if they have shared a positive and/or rewarding experience. Social Exchange Theory: A behaviourist psychology principle which considers reciprocal reward to be the foundation of relationships ("love is a two way street"). Love: Evolutionarily speaking, a tool for reproductive success. |
