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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain the yalta conference and when it happened |
February 1945, Big three - Churchill , Roosevelt & Stalin Germany divided into 4 zones run by France, Britain, USA and ussr Berlin split into 4 zones Eastern Europe free elections USSR join war against Japan |
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Explain Potsdam conference and when it happened |
July - august 1945 Atlee, Truman and Stalin Nazi party to be banned Oder-Neisse to form border between Poland and Germany Britain and USA denied Stalin a naval base in the Mediterranean USA and Britain expected less reparations from Germany then Stalin did th |
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The iron and curtain and Eastern Europe- explain |
Countries of Eastern Europe are now soviet satellite states Soviet red army advanced through large Eastern European countries Europe divided into east and west 1946, Churchill called this the iron curtain |
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Czechoslovakia - explain |
In spring 1948 seemed communists would do badly in elections Communists organised marches and protests Non communist ministers resigned and foreign minister Jan Masaryk killed In may 1948 only communists allowed to stand in elections czechoslovakia now part of Communist Eastern Bloc |
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Explain the Truman doctrine |
1947 Containment of communism Greece at threat of turning to communism The USA wouldn't return to isolationism Aim to contain communism (stop it spreading) |
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Explain the Marshall Plan |
Stop spread of communism Help European economies recover Only 16 European countries applied :( Stalin refused any Eastern European countries and the ussr from accepting it |
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Explain the soviet response to marshall aid |
Cominform, 1947: Aim to spread communist ideas Restricted contact with the west Marshall Tito of Yugoslavia didn't accept stalins total leadership Comecon, 1949 Set up to coordinate production and trade of European countries Favoured ussr |
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The Berlin blockade - explain |
1948-49 First major crisis Britain and USA wanted Germany to recover French unsure whether to help Germany The ussr against helping Germany In 1948 French, American and British German zones formed trizonia West Germany began to prosper again East Germany not prosperous Stalin thought allies were building west Germany up to attack the east Stalin tries to blockade Berlin In one month he blocks all rail and road connections USA and Britain had a choice : Withdraw from Berlin Lift supplies into Berlin - chosen choice May 1949 ussr lifted blockade, relations with ussr hit rock bottom, West were successful |
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Explain NATO |
1949, Purpose was to defend its members and if one got attacked others would help to defend it When ussr developed atomic bomb NATO seemed important USA now committed to defending west Europe Stalin saw it as direct threat to ussr Ussr unable to build air bases in west |
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Nuclear arms race |
During 1945-49 USA only country possessing atomic weapons By 1949 ussr tests atomic bomb 1952, USA denigrated first hydrogen bomb 1953 ussr tested hydrogen bomb |
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The Korean War |
1950-53 North Korea try to push South Korea back United Nations asked to help UN forces drive communists back almost as far as Yalu river China join War UN forces driven back and general MacArthur called for atomic bomb to be used. Truman sacks MacArthur By June 1951 fighting had settled around 38th parallel 1953 a truce agreed at Panmunjom In 1949 china had become communist USA were worried Chinese-American relations had been strained for years USA pleased with result in Korea |
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'the thaw' |
Stalin dies in 1953 Khrushchev comes to power and talks of peaceful coexistence In 1956, at 29th congress he attacks Stalin of being a dictator Khrushchev encouraged greater freedom within ussr Khrushchev appears less hostile to west than Stalin had In 1955 soviets sign Austrian State treaty |
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The Warsaw Pact |
Khrushchev determined to strengthen Eastern Europe in face of NATO Annoyed by decision to intergrate west Germany into NATO When west Germany joined NATO, communist version of Nato set up - Warsaw Pact |
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Hungary |
Uprising in 1956 Hungary communist under rakosi Hungarians hate Rakosi and secret police due to their brutality Protest happened and stalins statue was dragged down and pulled through Budapest streets Rakosi forced to resign and soviet tanks move in Nagy became prime minister and soviet troops withdrew He wanted free elections and no secret police Khrushchev concerned when Nagy wanted Hungary to withdraw from Warsaw Pact and be neutral in Cold War Free elections could mean end of communism If they withdrew there would be a gap in iron curtain and the soviet buffer zone with west would be broken Soviet troops and 1000 tanks move in to crush uprising Nagy captured and shot |
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The space and arms races |
At first ussr took lead in late 1950s it produced first satellite- Sputnik 1 and put the first man in space - Yuri Gagarin Eventually USA caught up and put Neil Armstrong on the moon and had apollo missions Soviets had developed rockets carrying nuclear warheads that could reach the USA USA retaliated and made intercontinental ballistic misilles in 1957 and by 1959 these could be stored under ground |
