Parts Of Cells

Front 1

description and function of cell surface membrane

Back 1

in animal cells, made of lipids and proteins, regulates movement in/out, has receptor molecules to respond to hormones

Front 2

description and function of nucleolus

Back 2

small spherical region that manufactures rRNA and assembles ribosomes

Front 3

description of the nuclear envelope?

Back 3

it’s a double membrane surrounding the nucleus. The outer membrane is continuous with endoplasmic reticulum, which usually contains ribosomes. It has nuclear pores.

Front 4

function of the nuclear pores?

Back 4

they allow the passage of large molecules eg. mRNA and ribosomes.

Hint 4

found in nuclear envelope of nucleus

Front 5

function of the double membrane in mitochondria?

Back 5

it controls the entry and exit of material

Front 6

structure of mitochondria?

Back 6

it has a double membrane, the inner one is folded to form Cristae. The matrix makes up the remainder of the mitochondria.

Front 7

function of cristae

Back 7

cristae creates a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes and other proteins involved in respiration.

Hint 7

cristae is found in the mitochondria

Front 8

what does the matrix contain?

Back 8

it contains proteins, lipids ribosomes, enzymes and DNA.

Hint 8

The matrix is found in mitochondria

Front 9

function of the matrix?

Back 9

it’s the site of aerobic stages of respiration.

Hint 9

Matrix is found in mitochondria

Front 10

why can the matrix control the production of its own proteins?

Back 10

because it contains proteins, lipids, DNA and ribosomes

Hint 10

Matrix is found in mitochondria

Front 11

why do the number and size of mitochondria and their cristae vary?

Back 11

the number/size varies depending on the type of cell and their metabolic activity

Front 12

what is the grana made up of and what is their purpose?

Back 12

grana is a stack of thylakoids. the thylakoids is where the chlorophyll is found.

Hint 12

found in chloroplast

Front 13

what is the chloroplast envelope?

Back 13

it’s a double plasma membrane that’s highly selective

Front 14

what is the stroma?

Back 14

it’s a fluid filled matrix where the second stage of photosynthesis takes place.

Hint 14

in the chloroplast

Front 15

what does the stroma contain?

Back 15

it contains all the enzymes needed to make sugars in the second stage of photosynthesis

Hint 15

Found in the chloroplast

Front 16

purpose of the granular membrane?

Back 16

it provides a large surface area for the enzymes that carry out the first stage of photosynthesis

Hint 16

Found in chloroplasts

Front 17

what do chloroplasts contain to make proteins for photosynthesis quickly?

Back 17

they contain DNA and ribosomes to make protein quickly

Front 18

what is the lamella and where is it found?

Back 18

lamella is found in chloroplasts. it is the extension that join thylakoids in adjacent grana together

Hint 18

bridge

Front 19

what happens in the thylakoids?

Back 19

it’s where the first stage of photosynthesis takes place and is where light is absorbed

Hint 19

Thylakoids are in chloroplasts

Front 20

function of mitochondria?

Back 20

it produces ATP (energy) for respiration

Front 21

description and function of ribosome?

Back 21

it’s a very small organelle, not surrounded by a membrane, that assembles protein molecules from amino acids

Front 22

what is the function of lysosomes?

Back 22

they digest unwanted material within the cell

Front 23

what is a lysosome and what does it contain?

Back 23

A lysosome is an organelle containing digestive enzymes and lysozymes.

Front 24

How are the enzymes in lysosomes separated from the rest of the cell?

Back 24

they’re separated by the membrane that surrounds the lysosome

Front 25

what is the rough endopladmic recticulums main function?

Back 25

it folds, processes, synthesises and transports proteins around the cell

Front 26

key features of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 26

it’s made of membranes that form a series of tubes in the cytoplasm. the membrane is covered with ribosomes

Front 27

what does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

Back 27

it synthesises lipids

Front 28

key difference between smooth/rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 28

the membrane of smooth endoplasmic reticulum doesn’t have ribosomes

Front 29

function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back 29

it processes proteins and lipids and packages them into vesicles to move to the targeted destination. It also forms lysosomes.

Hint 29

Train station

Front 30

How is DNA in the nucleus stored?

Back 30

the DNA in the nucleus is in chromosomes (protein bound linear DNA)

Front 31

How is DNA in mitochondria stored?

Back 31

it’s found in loops and is shorter than the DNA in the nucleus

Front 32

structure of the Golgi apparatus?

Back 32

stack of flattened sacs, each surrounded by a membrane.

Front 33

what are Golgi vesicles?

Back 33

they’re packages of proteins or lipids pinched from the Golgi cisternae (sacs)

Front 34

where do the vesicles go?

Back 34

they move to the cell surface to fuse with the membrane and release their contents to the outside

Front 35

RNA moves between the pores in the nucleus to where?

Back 35

the cytoplasm

Front 36

what does the nucleolus produce?

Back 36

it produces ribosomes

Front 37

what are the two key sites where photosynthesis takes place?

Back 37

the stroma and the grana

Front 38

where are the two places you’ll find ribosomes?

Back 38

either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Front 39

function of the cell wall?

Back 39

keeps the cell rigid and prevents it from bursting when water enters via osmosis

Front 40

what are cell walls made from?

Back 40

they’re made from cellulose, but in fungi it’s made from chitin

Front 41

description of a vacuole?

Back 41

found in cytoplasm, has cell sap and has a surrounding membrane called a tunoplast.

Front 42

purpose of the vacuole?

Back 42

it maintains pressure in the cell and prevents wilting.