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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 phases of drug action
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pharmaceutics phase
pharmacokinetics phase pharmacodynamics phase |
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Pharmaceutic?
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drugs become a solution.
only occurs when a drug is taken by mouth (po) |
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Pharmacokinetics?
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what the body does to drugs
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The four parts of the pharmacokinetics phase
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achieve drug action.
absorption distribution metabolism or biotransformation, excretion or elimination. ADME |
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pharmacodynamics ?
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the effects of drug concentration on the body systems
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Identify the two processes that occur before tablets are absorbed into the body.
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Disintegration
Dissolution |
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Dissolution is
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the dissolving of the smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption.
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Disintegration is
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the breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles.
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Describe Absorption
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the movement of the drug to the body fluids.
takes place by passive absorption, active absorption, and pinocytosis. |
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Describe distribution
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drug becoming available to body fluids and body tissues
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describe Metabolism aka biotransformation
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how the drug is broken down by the body. The liver is mostly responsible for this.
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describe Excretion
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how the drug leaves the body.
main route of excretion is the kidneys. |
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Dose response
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relationship between the minimal versus the maximal amount of drug dose needed to produce the desired drug response.
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half-life
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time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated
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Therapeutic Index
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is the safety margin of a drug.
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peak
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highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time.
indicate the rate of absorption. |
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trough
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lowest plasma concentration of a drug
measures the rate at which the drug is eliminated. |
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loading dose
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large initial dose
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Side effects
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physiologic effects not related to desired drug effects.
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Adverse reactions
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more severe than side effects.
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Toxicity or toxic effects
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identified by monitoring the serum therapeutic ranges of drugs.
When a drug exceeds the therapeutic range, toxic effects of the drug occur. |
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Explain the physiologic changes of the aging process that have a major effect on drug therapy.
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• Gastrointestinal
o ↑ pH (alkaline) gastric secretions o ↓ peristalsis with delayed intestinal emptying time o ↓ motility o ↓ first-pass effect • Slower absorption of oral drugs • Cardiac and circulatory o ↓ cardiac output o ↓ blood flow • Impaired circulation can delay transportation of drugs to the tissues • Hepatic o ↓ enzyme function o ↓ blood flow • Drugs metabolized more slowly and less completely • Renal o ↓ blood flow o ↓ functioning nephrons (kidney cells) o ↓ glomerular filtration rate • Drugs excreted less completely |
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What are agonists?
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Drugs that produce a response
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Antagonists?
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drugs that block a response
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