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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of life |
1metabolism 2reproduction 3sensitivity 4homeostasis 5excretion 6nutrition 7growth MR SHENG |
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Exceptions to cell theory |
Striated muscle: large, multinucleated Fungal Hyphae: multinucleated, chitin cell wall, continuous cytoplasm, large Giant algae: Unicellular, large |
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Prokaryotic cells divide by |
Binary fission |
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Prokaryotic stricture |
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Plant cell structure |
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Animal cell structure |
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Plant and animal cell similarities |
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Only plans cells |
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Only animal cells |
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Magnification formula |
Drawing size/ actually size |
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Specimen size formula |
Field diameter/ fit size number (length) |
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Amphipathic definition and example |
Part hydrophobic and part hydrophilic Eg phospholipids structure>function |
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Fluid mosaic model diagram |
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Membrane protein functions |
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Hypotonic solutions |
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Isotonic solution |
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Hypertonic solution |
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Endocytosis types |
Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Receptor mediated endocytosis |
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Evidence for endosymbiosis theory |
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Cell cycle diagram |
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Anaphase |
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Prokaryotic eukaryotic differences |
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Formula for anaerobic respiration |
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Mitosis stages explanation |
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Prophase |
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Metaphase |
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Telophase |
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Mutagens |
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Oncogenes |
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cell theory |
all life composed of cells new life comes from old cells cell is teh smallest unit of life |
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functions of life in paramecium |
unicellular organism food vacuoles cillia for movement |
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functions of life inchlorella
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unicellular organism |
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stargardts disease |
macular degeneration treated by replacing retina cells with health stem retinal cells |
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FUNCTION OF SMOOTH er |
LIPID SYNTHESIS |
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integral and peripheral proteins |
integral go in peripheral sit on surface |
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cholesterol |
only in ANIMAL cell membrane amphipathic fluidity of MAMMAs makes membrane less permeable to water and some solutes |
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fluid mosaic model |
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davson danielli model |
proteins sandwich the phospholipid bilayer disproved: freeze fracturing revealed irregular surfaces cus of integral proteins removed proteins and saw that parts were hydrophobic (so connected to ails not heads) |
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VESICLE MOVEMENT WITHIN CELLS |
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sodium potassium pump ratio |
3 sodium for 2 potassium sodium binds to protein atp gives pump a phosphorus pump changes shape and moves sodium across membrance exposes sites to 2 potassiums which bind phosphate group released and shape goes back, releasing potassium |
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endosymbiosis theory |
larger cell takes in smaller cell by endocytosis and it started performing function chloroplasts and mitochondria ancestor was a unicellular organism |
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spontaneous generation |
disproved by pasteur with swan neck flask boiled broth (killing bacteria) then check if it could grow again |
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universality of genetic code : CODONS |
we have 64 codons |
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interphase |
g1-growing, increasing numbe rof organelles s- replication of DNA g2-metabolic activity, prep for mitosis |
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supercoiling |
occurs in prophase |
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cytokinesis in animal and plant |
animal cleavage furrow and split plant |
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cyclins how they work |
regulatory proteins that control the progression of the cell cycle
cyclins activate cyclin dependent kinases which phosphorylate target proteins |
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when cyclins work |
different cyclins peak at different times DEAB |
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tumor formation |
oncogenesis oncogenes: genes that have potential to cause cancer mutagens can cause mutations tumors form when mutation arise pimary tumor: first tumor, usually benign secondary tumor: cells detach from primary and metastasize to other spots they take blood and nutrient for body |
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smoking and cancer |
carcinogenic chemicals mutagen chemicals |
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example metabolic pathway with end product inhibition |
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