Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are 8 layers of the retina?
|
1- internal limiting membrane
2- NFl 3-inner plexiform 4- inner nuclear 5-outer plexiform 6- outer nuclear 7- photoreceptors 8- RPE |
|
|
Name 4 places a hemorrhage can occur.
|
1- vitreous
2- pre-retinal 3- intraretinal 4- subretinal |
|
|
A hemorrhage located in the inner/ superficial retina is ________ in shape.
|
flame (it follows the shape of the NFL)
|
|
|
A hemorrhage located in the outer retina is _____ in shape.
|
dot or blot
|
|
|
Most subretinal hemes are secondary to ________.
|
Choroidal neovascular membranes (very bad)
|
|
|
Dot hemes are caused by ______.
|
leaky vessels
|
|
|
Subretinal hemes are ________ in color.
|
slate gray
|
|
|
A cotton wool spot indicates an ___________ has occured. The _____ is the layer of he retina that is effected.
|
ischemic event, NFL
|
|
|
______ indicate leaky vessels and some degree of intraretinal fluid. These look waxy.
|
hard exudates
|
|
|
A ______ indicates damage to the RPE.
|
Drusen
|
|
|
Drusens are associated with ____.
|
dry ARMD
|
|
|
Describe the location for the following conditions:
1- Cotton wool spot = _____ 2- Hard exudates = _____ 3- drusens = _______ |
1- inner retina/NFL
2- outer retina 3- between RPE and Bruchs (deep to the retinal vessels) |
|
|
Can you get a PVD after caract surgery?
|
yes
|
|
|
What are 2 symptoms with a PVD?
|
floaters and photopsia
|
|
|
Where are the weak vitreous attachments in the retina?
|
around the macula and superficial retinal vessels.
|
|
|
What happens in 30% of PVD and what is THE sign that this has occured?
|
retinal breaks, Shafer's sign
|
|
|
What is shafer's sign?
|
pigment or RBC floating around in the anterior vitreous.
|
|
|
What is a classic finding of a PVD?
|
Weiss ring
|
|
|
In Asteroid Hyalosis, is it 90% unilateral?
|
YES
|
|
|
Ca++ soaps in the vitreous is termed _________.
|
Asteroid Hyalosis
|
|
|
What are 3 associated factors with asteroid hyalosis?
|
DM, HTN, and atherosclerotic vascular disease
|
|
|
What is a CHRPE? and what color is it?
|
Congenital hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
brown/dark gray/ black (in other words: DARK!) |
|
|
CHRPE aka ___________.
Why is this not accurate? |
halo nevus
it is NOT a nevus! |
|
|
CHRPE have ______ within the lesion.
|
lacunae
|
|
|
Are CHRPE flat or raised? and are they well-demarcated or diffuse?
|
FLAT and well- demarcated
|
|
|
What are 3 forms of CHRPE?
|
1- typical unilateral unifocal
2- typical unilateral multifocal (bear tracks) 3- atypical bilateral multifocal |
|
|
If you see atypical bilateral multifocal CHRPE what extra precaution should you take? Why?
|
refer them to a gastroenterologist
b/c they have a 10% chance of getting colon cancer (associated with familial ademomatous polyposis) |
|
|
Can a CHRPE affect vision? In what state of condition is the overlying retina?
|
yes--it oculd cause a scotoma growing more absolute with time
-overlying retina is healthy but it could have an epiretinal membrane |
|
|
Most CHRPE are ______. (benign vs malignant)
|
benign
|
|
|
If you see a long, depigmented flat area in the inferotemporal quadrant of the retina-- and it is surrounded by RPE hyperplasia-- you can say it is _________.
|
Pavingstone chorioretinal atrophy
aka: cobblestone |
|
|
Does pavingstone chorioretinal atrophy lead to a predisposition for retianl breaks or detachments?
|
No (counter intuitive)
|
|
|
Describe 4 characteristics of Peripheral Senile pigmentary degeneration.
|
1- circumferential band of granular pigment
2- usually Bilateral 3- b/t ora and equator 4- bone spicule-like |
|
|
Peripheral senile pigmentary degeneration (aka reticular degeneration) is often confused with _______ due to the spicule-like appearance.
|
retinitis pigmentosa
|
|
|
Is white without pressure common and benign?
|
yes (30% of general population)
|
|
|
Retinal thinning and atrophy in the inner retina is called ________. (hint: this lesion has a wide variety of appearances)
|
Lattice degeneration
|
|
|
Can lattice degeneration involve holes?
|
YES!!!!
|
|
|
What are 2 colors/appearances that lattice degeneration can have?
|
1- very dark
2- light and shimmery |
|
|
________ is caused my progressive thinning--these lesions are always RED, round and well-demarcated.
|
atrophic retinal holes
|
|
|
Does atrophic retinal holes have vitreoretinal traction?
|
NO
|
|
|
If you see an atrophic retinal hole surrounded by RPE hyperplasia- should you be alarmed?
|
NO!! This border of pigment is a GREAT thing--it means this hole is stable and has been there for 60-90 days!`
|
|
|
A red, round hole with overlying floating fragment of tisssue is ______.
|
operculated retinal hole
|
|
|
Where is an epiretinal membrane most likely to cause problems?
|
at the macula
|
|
|
With an epiretinal membrane, what appearance does the ILM take on?
|
cellophane, wrinkled
|
|
|
An epiretinal membrane is actually ________.
|
a proliferation of glial cells on ILM
|
|
|
If you see an epiretinal membrane around the macula--what 4 tests should you then do?
|
1- amsler (should find a metamorphopsia)
2- macular photostress (time prolonged) 3- use the red-free filter with BIO 4- watzke- allen ( should be negative due to pseudohole) |
|
|
What is the triad for histoplasmosis?
|
1- histo spots
2- circumpapillary scarring 3- macular involvement need at least 2 out of 3 |
|
|
Histoplasmosis is endemic in the _____.
|
Ohio-miss river valley
|
|
|
A histo spot is peripheral atrophy of the ______.
|
choroid!
|
|
|
In Histoplasmosis, can macular involvment happen up to 30 years later?
|
oh yeah
|
|
|
A RPE "window effect" is an absence of _______________.
|
melanin withnin the RPE (NOT an absence of RPE)
|
|
|
Where does the RPE window effect occur? Does this affect vision?
|
ANYWHERE in the retina
No threat to vision! |
|
|
A benign choroidal melanoma in 30% of the general population is a ______.
|
Choriodal nevus
|
