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201 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Generic Name
|
Trade
Primary Indication Therapeutic Class |
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|
Hydrocodone/APAP
|
Vicodin, Lortab, Lorcet
Pain 5-60mg(hydrodone daily) Take w/ food Constipation! Analgesic |
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Levothyroxine
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Synthroid, Levoxyl, Levothyroid, Unithyroid
inj. powder: 0.2 & 0.5mg Tabs: 25-300mcg CI'd in Recent MI or THYROTOXICOSIS, UNCORRECTED Adrenal insufficiency Angina! ANX! Alopecia! Increased LFTs! TACHYCARDIA! Cholestyramine / Al+ containing / Sucralfate / kayexalate / Phenytoin/ Rifampin DECREASE levels! MoA: T4 converted to T3>>controls DNA transcription & Protein synthesis Hormone |
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Lisinopril
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Prinivil, Zestril
Hypertension 2.5-80mg/day Lithium toxicity! Potential HYPER-kalemia if used w/ NSAIDs, K+ sparers, ARBs, Aldosterone Receptor Blockers! ACEiPrevents conversion of Angio 1 >> Angio2 |
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Atorvastatin
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Lipitor
Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia, Hypercholesterolemia 10-80mg/day 3A4 SUBSTRATE! HMG Co-A Reductase Inhibitor |
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Amoxicillin
|
Amoxil, Trimox
Bacterial Infection 250-500mg po;Q8H or 500-875mg Q12 H Strep. Pneu, H. flu, E.Coli, Proteus, Salmonella, Shingella Take 1Hr BEFORE or 2Hrs AFTER meals Penicillin (Beta Lactams) Inhibs Bacterial cell wall synthesis BacterioCIDAL |
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|
Hydrochlorothiazide
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Hydrodiuril
Hypertension NOT effective if CrCl < 30 Watch for Lithium Toxicity! DECR. Anti-DM & NSAIDs anti-HTN effects! Diuretic Inhibits Na+ reabsorption in the DISTAL convoluted tubule |
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|
Azithromycin
|
Zithromax
Bacterial Infection 250-500mg (PO/IV) Q24H Zmax: 2gm PO x 1 Gm(+) & Gm(-), Atypicals, Mycobacteria CYP Interactions (but LESS than Biaxin!)...PREFERRED in PREGNANCY! Macrolide Binds toRibosome's 50S subunit>> Inhibs Bacterial Protein synthesis>>BacterioSTATIC |
|
|
Metformin
|
Glucophage,Fotamet. Glumetza
Diabetes 500-2550mg GI Intolerance (flatulence, intolerance, diarrhea) Lactic Acidosis "Black Box Warning" CIMETIDINE Incr.metformin in body by 60% CI: Sever HF, Renal Failure, Radioactive Dye Biguanide: Decr. Hepatic glucose production Decr. Intestinal glucose absorption Improves insulin sensitivity |
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|
Atenolol
|
Tenormin
Hypertension 25-100mg/day NO ABRUPT D/C Taper over 2 weeks Beta blocker Decr. CO by (-)ve inotropic and (-)ve chronotropic efects Cardioselective[@ low doses]Safer to use in pts w/ Asthma, COPD, PAD or DM |
|
|
Simvastatin
|
Zocor
Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia, Hypercholesterolemia 10-80mg/day 3A4 SUBSTRATE! Lower the Max dose if starting Amiodarone, Verapamil, Fibrates, Cyclosporin or Niacin HMG Co-A Reductase Inhibitor |
|
|
Albuterol
|
Ventolin, Proventil, ProAIR HFA
Asthma, COPD Bronchodilator |
|
|
Metoprolol Succinate
|
Toprol XL
Hypertension 25-400mg/day May mask HYPOglycemia in DM pts NOT indicated for HF No Abrupt D/C Beta Blocker Decr CO by (-)ve inotroptc and (-)ve chronitroptc efx Cardioselective @ low doses LESS likley to cause bronchoconstriction/ venoconstriction @low doses Safer in pts w/ Asthma, COPD, PAD, or DM |
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|
Alprazolam
|
Xanax, Nirazax ODT, Alprazolam, Intensol
Anxiety IR: 0.25-2mg (QD-TID) XR: 0.5-3mg (QD) Max:4mg/day Ataxia! Somnolence! Dizziness! Changes in Appetite! DECREASED LIBIDO! Confusion! CONSTIPATION! Blurred Vision! Interacts w/ Ketoconazole/ Itrakonazole Alcohol/ Digoxin / FLUOXETINE / Propoxyphene / Nefazodone Metabolized by CYP450 C-IV Preg. Cat.D SMOKING decr. conc. up to50%! PEDIATRIC DOSING! Benzodiazepine Binds to GABA receptors>>influx of Cl- >>HYPERpolarization>>less excitable state! |
|
|
Furosemide
|
Lasix
Edema 20-600mg/day Lithium Toxicity! OTOtoxicity! (w/ Aminoglycosides) Decreases anti-DM & NSAIDs efx! Loop Diuretic Inhibits Na+ absorption @ ASCENDING Loop (Decreases Preload) |
|
|
Amlodipine
|
Norvasc
Hypertension 2.5-10mg/day Reflex tachycardia! GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA! PERIPHERAL Edema! 3A4 inhibitors INCREASE its effects! DONT use w/ GRAPEFRUIT! DHP Calcium Channel Blocker Binds to L-type channels in Heart, Coronary/Peripheral arteries >>Vasodilation of Smooth muscle DHP: MORE Selective to vasculature; NO effect on Cardiac Conduction! |
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|
Zolpiderm
|
Ambien
Insomnia Sedative hypnotic |
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Sertaline
|
Zoloft
Depression 50-200mg QD Oral Concentrate contains ALCOHOL! Lightheadedness! Syncope! Sweating! N/D! Xerostomia! Tremor! HALLUCINATIONS! EJACULATION DISORDERS! IMPOTENCE! Rhinitis! Fatigue! Interacts w/ MAOIs (CI'd), TRIPTANs, LINEZOLID (CI'd), St. JOHN'S WORT, TRAMADOL! SSRI inhibs reuptake of 5HT, allowing more seratonin (5HT) available in synapses |
|
|
Metoprolol tartrate
|
Lopressor
Hypertension BID dosing (25-400mg/day) NO abrupt D/C Taper over 2 weeks Masks HYPOglycemia in DM pts! Beta Blocker Decr. CO by (-)ve Inotropic & (-)ve Chronotropic efx |
|
|
Montelukast
|
Singulair
Asthma Leukotriene Inhibitor |
|
|
Ecitalopram
|
Lexapro
Depression 10-20mg QD Lightheadedness! Syncope! Sweating! N/D! Xerostomia! Tremor! HALLUCINATIONS! EJACULATION DISORDERS! IMPOTENCE! Rhinitis! Fatigue! Interacts w/ MAOIs (CI'd), TRIPTANs,PRIMOZIDE (CI'd) LINEZOLID, St. JOHN'S WORT, TRAMADOL! SSRI inhibs reuptake of 5HT, allowing more seratonin (5HT) available in synapses |
|
|
Ezomeprazole
|
Nexium
GERD, Peptic Ulcer Dz (PUD) 20-40mg/day No OTC PPI |
|
|
Wafarin
|
Coumadin
Thomboembolism, Atrail Fibrillation Vitamin K antagonist |
|
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Ibuprofen
|
Motrin
Inflammation, Pain NSAID |
|
|
Potassium Chloride
|
Klor-Con, K-Dur, Slow K
Hypoklemia Supplement |
|
|
Oxycodone/APAP
|
Percocet, Endocet
Pain 5-40mg/day(oxycodone daily) Q6 hours PRN Take w/ FOOD Analgesic Stimulate opioid receptors in Brain |
|
|
Prednisone
|
Deltasone
Inflammation Steroid |
|
|
Cephalexin
|
Keflex
Bacterial Infection 250-500mg po; Q6H Staph (most types), E.Coli, P.Mirabilis, K.pneu Renal Adjust Cephalosporin (Beta Lactams) Inhibs bacterial cell wallsynthesis>>BacterioCIDAL |
|
|
Clopidogrel
|
Plavix
ACS (Acute Coronary Syndrome) or MI Prevention LD: 300-600mg then MD of 75mg QD 3A4 substrate! but 2C19 is Primary route Its a PRODRUG converted to active thiol derivative TTP! (rare) Bleeding! N/D rash/pruritis! FLU-like symptoms! Antiplatelet inhibs adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation |
|
|
Fluoxetine
|
Prozac, Prozac Wkly, Sarafem, Rapiflux
Depression 20-60mg QD or 80-mg WEEKLY Lightheadedness! Syncope! SWEATING! N/D! XEROSTOMIA! Confusion! Dizziness! TREMORS! HALLUCINATION! EJACULATION disorders! IMPOTENCE! Rhinitis! Fatigue! 5week Washout prior to MAOI due to LONG half-life interacts w/ MAOI (CI'd), TRIPTANS, PIMOZIDE (CI'd), LINEZOLID, ST JOHN'S WORT, TRAMADOL! SSRI inhibs reuptake of 5HT>>MORE seratonin available in synapse |
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|
Triamterene/ HCTZ
|
Maxzide, Dyazide
Hypertension Diuretic |
|
|
Propoxyphene-N/ APAP
|
Darvocet-N
Pain 65-100mg (propoxyphene) Q4-6hrs Take w/ FOOD Analgesic |
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|
Lorazepam
|
Ativan
Anxiety Benzodiazepine |
|
|
Omeprazole
|
Prilosec
GERD, PUD 20mg/day OTC & Rx (Caps) See Aciphex for SEs ZEGRID is Omeprazole + Sodium Bicarbonate (caps or suspension) PPI Irreversible inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in Parietal cells |
|
|
Lansoprazole
|
Prevacid
GERD, PUD 15-30mg/day available as ODT, caps & Granules SE Aciphex for SEs PPI |
|
|
Clonazepam
|
Klonopin
Anxiety, Seizure Benzodiazepine |
|
|
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate
|
Augmentin
Bacterial Infection IR, ER, and CHEWABLE tabs treats MSSA, H.flu, E.Coli, K.Pneu, Anaerobes Renal Adjust Penicillin/ Beta lactamase inhibitor an Aminopenicillin + a Beta Lactamase inhibitor |
|
|
Simvastatin/Ezetimibe
|
Vytorin
Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia, Hypercholesterolemia HMG- Co A Reductase Inhibitor/ Cholesterol absorption inhibitor |
|
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
Cipro
Bacterial Infection IR: 250-750mg po Q12H ER: 500-1000mg po Q24H Gm(+), Gm(-) including PSEUDOMONAS, Atypicals PHOTOsensitivity! Separate its use from Antacids, Dairy, Iron, Mg... use w/ Corticosteroids >>TENDON Rupture!! Use w/ NSAIDs>> SEIZURES!! Fluroquinolone Inhibs DNA topoisomerase & Gyrase (inhibs Replication)>>BacterioCIDAL |
|
|
Cyclobenzaprine
|
Flexeril
Muscle Spasm Muscle relaxant |
|
|
Tramadol
|
Ultram
Pain (Not a Control) IR: 25-400mg daily Q4-6hrs ER: 100-300mg Daily Renal Dose if CrCl < 30 Analgesic Binds to mu-opiate receptors in CNS >>blocks ascending pain pathways |
|
|
Fluticasone/Salmeterol
|
Advair
Asthma, COPD Inhaled steroid/long acting beta agonist |
|
|
Paroxetine
|
Paxil
Depression 20-60mg QD CI'd w/ Pimozide! MAOIs! Interacts w/ MAOIs, SSRIs, TRIPTANS, LINEZOLID, TRAMADOL, ST. JOHN'S WORT! SSRI |
|
|
Gabapentin
|
Neurontin
300mg TID (start) Max 3600mg Seizure, Neuropathic Pain MoA: induces releace of Substance P(key chemomediator of pain impulses from periphery) Anticonvulsant |
|
|
Sulfamethoxazole/ Trimethoprim
|
Bactrim, Septra
Bacterial infection 1 DS tab Q12h Gm(+): MSSA, MRSA, & Gm(-) DoC for PCP PHOTOsensitivity! Folate Deficiency! CI'd in G6PD deficiency Take w/ a FULL GLASS OF WATER! Renal Adjust Sulfonamide inhibs incorporation of PABA into DNA>>Inhibs FOLIC ACID production/ Bacterial growth>>BacterioSTATIC |
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Ceitrizine
|
Zyrtec
Allergy H1 receptor antagonist |
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|
Fexofenadine
|
Allegra
Allergy H1 receptor antagonist |
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|
Venlafaxine
|
Effexor, Effexor XR
Depression 37.5-375mg daily (QD-TID) Doses > 60mg do NOT provide additional benefit in Generalized ANX disorder! CI'd in Uncontrolled Narrow-angle GLAUCOMA / MAOIs Palpitations! Diaphoresis! Constipation! DECr. Appetite! N/D! Blurred Vision! Insomnia! XEROSTOMIA! Vertigo! POLYURIA! COUGH! Nasopharyngitis! Fatigue! SNRI inhibits reuptake of 5HT & NE allowing more available @ synapse |
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|
Lisinopril/HCTZ
|
Zestoretic, Prinizide
HTN ACEi/Diuretic |
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|
Citalopram
|
Celexa
Depression 10-60mg QD Racemic Mixture; Lexapro is S-isomer Interacts w/ MAOIs(CI'd), PRIMOZIDE (CI'd), TRIPTANS, LINEZOLID, ST. JOHN'S WORT, TRAMADOL! Lightheadedness! Syncope! SWEATING! N/D! XEROSTOMIA! Confusion! Dizziness! Somnolence! TREMOR! HALLUCINATIONS! EJACULATION Disorders! IMPOTENCE! RHINITIS! Fatigue! SSRI inhibits reuptake of seratonin, allowing MORE seratonin available in synapse |
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|
Pantoprazole
|
Protonix
GERD, PUD 20-40mg/day No OTC? See Aciphex for SEs PPI |
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Trazodone
|
Desyrel
Depression, Insomnia Inhibits 5HT reuptake |
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Lovastatin
|
Mevacor, Altoprev
Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia, Hypercholesterolemia 20-80mg/day 3A4 SUBSTRATE! HMG-Co-A Reductase |
|
|
Valsartan
|
Diovan
Hypertension 80-320mg/day Lithium toxicity! Potential HYPERkalemia if used w/ NSAIDs, K+ sparers, Aldosterone receptor Blockers! ARB Inhibs binding of Angiotensin2 to AT1 receptors |
|
|
Alendronate
|
Fosamax
Osteoporosis Treat: 10mg QD or 70mg x 1week Prevent: 5mg QD or 35mg x1 wk Must take w/ At Least 8oz of water..At least 30 mins BEFORE other meds or Food Remain UPRIGHT for at least 30mins Nausea! DYSPEPSIA! ESOPHAGEAL irritation! MUSCLE PAIN! NSAIDs & ASA INCr. GI symptoms! Bisphosphonate adsorb to bone apatite & inhibits osteoclast activity |
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|
Bupropion
|
Wellbutrin, Zyban
Depression, Smooking Cessation |
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|
Ezetimibe
|
Zetia
Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia, Hypercholesterolemia 10mg/day Interacts w/ WARFARIN, Cyclosporine & Fibrates Diarrhea! Headache! Cholesterol absorption inhibitor Stops absorption from the small intestine |
|
|
Acetaminophen/ Codeine
|
Tylenol #3, Tylenol # 4
Pain 7.5-360mg (codeine daily) Q4-6hrs constipation! CNS Depression! Respiratory Depression! Take w/ FOOD Analgesic |
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|
Rosuvastatin
|
Crestor
Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia, Hypercholesterolemia 5-40mg/day 3A4 SUBSTRATE! Adjust Dose if CrCl < 30 HMG-Co-A reductase inhibitor |
|
|
Levofloxacin
|
Levaquin
Bacterial infection 250-750mg (IV/PO) Q24H Gm(+)[esp. Staph], Gm(-), & Atypicals PHOTOsensitivity! Separate use from Antacids, Iron, Mg, Dairy.. use w/ Corticosteroids>>TENDON RUPTURE! Use w/ NSAIDs>>SEIZURES! Fluroquinolone inhibs DNA topoisomerase & Gyrase (inhibs replication >>>BacterioCIDAL |
|
|
Amitriptyline
|
Elavil, Vanatrip
Depression 50-300mg Daily (QD-TID) Same Interactions as SSRIs WEIGHT GAIN! BLOATING! ANTICHOLINERGIC SYMPS.! [Other SE's seen in SSRIs] DANGEROUS in overdoses! Also used in SLEEP disorders TCA increased synaptic conc. of NE & 5HT |
|
|
Diazepam
|
Valium, Diazepam Intensol
Anxiety 2-10mg (BID-QID) C-IV Preg. Cat. D SMOKING Decr. conc. up to 50%! PEDIATRIC dosing CI'd in Narrow angle Glaucoma Somnolence! Ataxia! Dizziness! CHANGE IN APPETITE! DECr. Libido! Confusion! Constipation! Blurred Vision! Benzodiazepine Bids to GABA receptors>>influx of Cl->>HYPERpolarization |
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Naproxen
|
Naprosyn
Inflammation, Pain BID dosing (1500mg max) Take w/ FOOD NSAID exact MoA unknown>>inhibits Cycloxygenase & Lipooxygenase, Reduces Prostaglandin Synthesis |
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Enalapril
|
Vasotec
HTN 2.5-40mg/day Lithium toxicity! Potential HYPERkalemia if used w/ NSAIDs, ARBs, K+ sparers, Aldosterone receptor blockers! ACEi Stops conversion of Angiotensin 1>>Angiotensin2 |
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Valsartan/HCTZ
|
Diovan HCT
HTN ARB/ Diuretic |
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Ranitidine
|
Zantac
GERD, heartburn H2 Receptor antagonist |
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Duloxetine
|
Cymbalta
Depression, Neuropathic Pain SNRI |
|
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Fluconazide
|
Diflucan
Fungal Infection 100-800 (IV/PO) Q24H Candida, Coccidiodes, Histoplasma, Aspergilis Headache! N/V/D! RASH! incr.LFTs! PROLONGED QT-INTERVAL! Renal Adjust Antifungal (Triazole) Inhibs Ergosterol synthesis |
|
|
Pioglitazone
|
Actos
Diabetes Thiazolidinedione (TZD) |
|
|
Carisoprodol
|
Soma
Muscle Spasm Muscle Relaxant |
|
|
Conjugated Estrogen
|
Premarin
Menopause Hormone |
|
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Allopurinol
|
Zyloprim
Gout 100-800mg QD Renal Adjust SKIN RASH! Leukopenia! GI upset! Interacts w/ Mercaptopurine! Interacts w/ Azathioprine! Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor >>inhibs conversion of XO to Uric Acid>>DECr. Production of Uric Acid |
|
|
Doxycycline
|
Doryx, Vibramycin
Bacterial Infection 10omg (IV/PO) Q12H Gm(-), Gm(+), Atypicals PHOTOSENSITIVITY! DISCOLORED TEETH! (Permanent) Impaired teeth/bone growth! Antacids & Iron DECR. Absorption! 3A4 Interactions! Tetracycline Binds to Ribosomal 30S subunit>>BacterioSTATIC |
|
|
Methylprednisone
|
Medrol
Inflammation Steroid |
|
|
Celecoxib
|
Celebrex
Arthritis 50-200mg/Daily (QD-BID dosing) Cox-2 inhibitor |
|
|
Tamsulosin
|
Flomax
BPH Alpha 1 receptor antagonist |
|
|
Quetiapine
|
Seroquel
Schizophrenia Atypical Antipsychotic |
|
|
Clonidine
|
Catapres
HTN Alpha 2 receptor agonist |
|
|
Mometasone
|
Nasonex, Asmanex
Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma 220-440mcg/day NOT used as primary tx for Bronchospasm! Throat irritation! Oral Candidiasis! Cough! Lower Resp. infxn! Steroid Glucocorticoid receptor agonist >>anti-INFLAMM & immunosuppressive props |
|
|
Fenofibrate
|
Tricor,Triglyde, Lofibra, Lipoten, Antara
Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia, Hypercholesterolemia 40-200mg/day N/V/D! Abd pain! Avoid using fibrates w/ STATINS (myopathy risk!) But if necessary, this is PREFFERED! Increases efx of WARFARIN! & Sulfonylureas! Decreases Cyclosporin levels! Fibric Acid Derivative Increases Lipoprotein lipase activity>>DECr. VLDL>>DECr. TGs! |
|
|
Insulin Glargine
|
Lantus
Diabetes Hormone |
|
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Sidenafil
|
Viagra
Erectile Dysfunction Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor |
|
|
Ramipril
|
Altace
HTN 1.25-20mg/day Lithium Toxicity! Potential HYPERkalemia if used w/ NSAIDS, K+ sparers, ARBs, Aldosterone receptor blockers! ACEI Stops conversion of Angio1>>Angio2 |
|
|
Promethazine
|
Phenergan
N/V Antiemetic |
|
|
Drospirenone/ Ethinyl Estradiol
|
Yasmin, Yaz
Contraception 30mcg Estradiol &3mg drospirinone Decr. duration of menses Hormone Mono-phasic/ Low dose estrogen |
|
|
Isorbide Mononitrate
|
Imdur
Angina Nitrate causes Venous Dilation (Lowers PRELOAD) |
|
|
Amphetamine / Dextroamphetamine
|
Adderall, Adderall XR
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD, ADHD) Stimulant |
|
|
Meloxicam
|
Mobic
Arthritis 7.5-15mg QD Cox 2 inhibitor LESS GI probs than traditional NSAIDs |
|
|
Verapamil
|
Verelan, Calan, Isoptin
HTN 120-360mg/day Bradycardia/Heartblock! CONSTIPATION! PERIPHERAL EDEMA! GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA! HF exascerbation! Non-DHP CCB Causes LESS Peripheral vasodilation than DHPs. Affects Heart more |
|
|
Amlodipine/Benazepril
|
Lotrel
HTN DHP CCB/ ACEi |
|
|
Reisdronate
|
Actonel
Osteoporosis Bisphosphonate |
|
|
Losartan
|
Cozaar
HTN 25-100mg/day Lithium Toxicity! Potential HYPERKalemiaif used w/ NSAIDs, ACEIs, K+ sparers, Aldosterone Receptor Blockers! ARB (angio 2 receptor blocker): inhibs binding of Angiotensin2 >>AT-1 receptors |
|
|
Carvedilol
|
Coreg
Heart Failure IR & CR forms IR: 12.5-50mg/day (2 divided doses) Also has Alpha-blocking props Same SEs as selective Bbs! Beta Blocker(non-selective) Decr. CO by (-)ve inotropic & (-)ve chronotropic effects |
|
|
Folic Acid
|
Folvite
Anemia, Pregnancy Supplement |
|
|
Glyburide
|
Micronase, Diabeta, Glynase
Diabetes 1.25-20mg CI'd in TYPE 1 DM! SULFA allergies! Cimetidine INCr. HYPOglycemic effects! CHRONIC Alcohol DECr. hypoglycemic effects! Sulfonylurea stimulate insulin release from Pancreatic BETA cells |
|
|
Penicillin VK
|
Pen- Vee K, Veetids, V-Cillin K
Bacterial Infection 250-500mg Q6hrs Take 1hr BEFORE or 2hrs AFTER meals Penicillin (Beta Lactam) inhibs Bacterial cell wall synthesis>>BacterioCIDAL |
|
|
Spirinolactone
|
Aldactone
Hyperaldosteronism, Heart Failure 12.5-50mg/day HYPERkalemia! [esp. w/ ACEIs, ARBs, K+ supplements, NSAIDs Non-selective blocking of Androgen & Progesterone receptors: Gynomastia! Breast tenderness! Menstrual Changes! Hirsutism! DECREASED MORTALITY!! Aldosterone Antagonist also DECR. REMODELING & Na+/Water retention |
|
|
Valacyclovir
|
Valtrex
[a PRODRUG of acyclovir] Herpes 1gm po Q12H; for 7-10 days (Initial episode) Cold Sores 2gm po Q12H x 1 Herpes Zoster 1gm PO Q8H x 7days N/V/D! Headache! SEIZURES in Renal patients! Antiviral inhibit viral DNA polymerase>>inhibs replication of viral DNA |
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|
Pregabalin
|
Lyrica
Neuropathic Pain (assoc. w/ DM), Fibromyalgia MoA: induces Substance P release 75mg (start) 450mg (Max/day) Somnolence! Dizziness! PERIPHERAL edema! Anitconvulsant (C-5) |
|
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Temazepam
|
Restoril
Insomnia Benzodiazepine |
|
|
Methylphenidate
|
Concerta, Daytrana, Metadate
ADD, ADHD Stimulant |
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Glimepiride
|
Amaryl
Diabetes Sulfonylurea |
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Risperidone
|
Risperdal
Schizophrenia Atypical Antipsychotic |
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Digoxin
|
Digitek, Lanoxin
Arrhythmia, Heart Failure 0.125-0.25mg/day Target level: 0.5-1ng/mL Bradycardia/Heartblock! Digoxin Toxicity: visual disturbances, N/V, Confusion, ANOREXIA, Arrhythmias! NO EFFECT ON MORTALITY! Antacids decrease its effects! Decrease dose by 50% if starting Amiodarone! Renal Adjust Cardiac Glycoside inhibs the Na+/K+/ ATPase pump>>Increases cellular Ca+>>Incr. Myocardial Contraction |
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Topiramate
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Topamax
Seizure Anticonvulsant |
|
|
Triamcinolone topical
|
Aristocort, Kenalog
Rash, Eczema Steroid |
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Vareniciline
|
Chantix
Smoking Cessation Partial Nicotinic Receptor Agonist |
|
|
Rosiglitazone
|
Avandia
Diabetes Thiazolidinedione (TZD) |
|
|
Clindamycin,
|
Cleocin, Clindesse, Evoclin
Bacterial Infection, Acne (topical) Many different dosage forms Gm(+) & Anaerobes PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS! Affects Condoms& Diagphragms if used intravaginally! Lincosamide Abx Binds to 50S subunit>>inhibs protein synthesis>>BacterioSTATIC |
|
|
Lamotrigine
|
Lamictal
Seizures Anticonvulsant |
|
|
Norgestimate/ Ethinyl Estadiol
|
Ortho Tri-Cyclen, Ortho Tri- Cyclen Lo, Sprintec
Contraception Hormone |
|
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Glipizide
|
Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL
Diabetes Sulfonylurea |
|
|
Latanoprost
|
Xalatan
Glaucoma Prostaglandin analog |
|
|
Benazepril
|
Lotensin
HTN 5-40mg/day Lithium toxicity! Potential HYPERkalemia if used w/ NSAIDs, K+ sparers, ARBs, Aldosterone receptor Blockers! ACEi Stops conversion of Angio1>>Angio2 |
|
|
Rabeprazole
|
Aciphex
GERD, PUD 20mg/Day Diarrhea! Headache! DECr. absorption of Ketoconazole, Itraconazole & meds requiring Acidic env. for absorb. PPI irreversibly inhibits H+/K ATPase in PARIETAL CELLS>>inhib. gastric acid secretion |
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|
Metronidazole
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Flagyl, Metrogel, Noritate, Vandazole
Bacterial Infection 250-500 po; Q8-12H or 500 IV Q 8-12H Treats ANAEROBES Separate use from FOOD! METALLIC taste! DISULFRAM-like rxn when used w/ Alcohol! CI'd in PREGNANCY (1st Trimester) DoC for C.Diff MoA: Interferes w/ Bacterial DNA synthesis>>BacterioCIDAL |
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Losartan/ HCTZ
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Hyzar
HTN ARB/Diuretic |
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Tiotropium
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Spiriva
COPD Anticholinergic |
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Metoclopramide
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Reglan
GERD, Gastroparesis Prokinetic |
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Eszopiclone
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Lunesta
Insomnia Sedative hypnotic |
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Quinapril
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Accupril
HTN 10-80mg/day Lithium Toxicity! Potential HYPERkalemia if used w/ NSAIDs, ARBs, K+ sparers, Aldosterone receptor blockers! ACEi stops conversion of Angio1>>Angio2 |
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Olmesartan
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Benicar
HTN 20-40mg/day SEs same as ACEIs except no cough ARB Inhibs binding of Angio2 to AT-1 receptor>>vasodilation..Decr. Aldosterone production |
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Donepezil
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Aricept
Alzheimer's Dementia Cholinesterase Inhibitor |
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Estradiol
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Estrace, Vivelle, Climara
Menopause Hormone |
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Irbesartan
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Avapro
HTN 75-300mg/day SEs same as for ACEIs except no cough ARB stops binding of Angiotensin2>>AT-1 receptor>>vasodilation>>DECr Aldosterone production |
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Tolterodine
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Detrol
Urinary Incontinence 1-2mg po daily 2-4mg po 1x daily (Detrol LR) LESS SEs w/ LR DRY mouth! DRY eyes! CONSTIPATION! INCREASED INTRA-OCULAR PRESSURE! Somnolence! Blurred vision! Additive efx w/ other Anticholinergic meds Anticholinergic |
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Gemfibrozil
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Lopid
Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia, Hypercholesterolemia 1200mg/day N/V/D! Abd pain! Myopathy! Avoid use w/ Statins! (myopathy risk) INCr Efx of WARFARIN & SULFONYLUREAS DECR. CYCLOSPORINE levels Fibric Acid Derivative Increases Lipoprotein lipase activity>>Decr. VLDL>>Decr TGs |
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Oxycodone
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Roxicodone, Oxycontin, OxyIR
Pain 10-40mg BID (caution if > 160mg BID) Analgesic Stimulates opioid receptors in brain |
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Doxazosin
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Cardura
BPH Alpha 1 receptor antagonist |
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Meclizine
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Antivert
Vertigo, Motion Sickness H1 receptor blocker |
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Tadalafil
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Cialis
Erectile Dysfunction 2.5-20mg PRN sex or 2.5-5mg po 1x daily Erection occurs only after physical stimulation Interacts w/ NITRATES! Alpha-Blockers! AVOID..potentially FATAL HypoTN! Metabolized by 3A4 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor INCREASED Nitric Oxide activity [by inhib PDE-5; resp. for its degradation]>>relaxed smooth muscle & vasodilation |
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Mirtazapine
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Remeron
Depression |
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Ipratropium/ Albuterol
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Combivent
COPD Anticholinergic/ Bronchodilator |
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Nitrofurantoin
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Macrobid, Macrodantin
Bacterial Infection |
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Glyburide/Metformin
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Glucovance
Diabetes Sulfonylurea/Biguanide |
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Acyclovir
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Zovirax
Herpes 200mg po; 5x/day, for 7-10days 5mg/kg IV Q8H x 5-7days Also treats Cold sores, Varicella (chicken pox),shingles Topical cream/ ointment available See Valacyclovir for SEs Antiviral inhibs viral DNA polymerase |
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Sumitriptan
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Imitrex
Oral tabs, SC injection, NASAL SPRAY tabs: 25-100mg po @ onset, then Q2H PRN up to 200mg/day Fatigue! Dizziness! Flushing! NECK/THROAT PRESSURE! Migraine Headache A Seratonin AGONIST (triptan):>>VasoCONSTRICTION in Cerebral vasculature Serotonin Agonist |
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Raloxifene
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Evista
Osteoporosis, Breast Cancer 60mg 1x daily CI'd in PE or DVT, Pregnancy/Lactation Hot flashes! Leg Cramps! THROMBOEMBOLISM! interacts w/ WARFARIN, CHOLESTYRAMINE! Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) Selectively binds to estrogen receptors>>DECREASES. Bone Resorption |
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Etonogestrel/ Ethinyl Estradiol
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NuvaRing
Contraception Hormone |
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Diltiazem
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Cartia, Cardizem, Tiazac
HTN 120-540mg/day bradycardia/heartblock! CONSTIPATION! PERIPHERAL Edema! GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA! HF exascerbation! Non DHP CCB Causes LESS peripheral vasodilation than DHPs. Affects heart more |
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Fentanyl Transdermal
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Duragesic, Actiq, Fentora
Pain Patch takes 24hrs to work! Fentanyl remains in patch @ 72hrs (fold in half to avoid dispersion Analgesic Stimulates opioid receptors in the brain |
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Niacin
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Niaspan
Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia, Hypercholesterolemia 500-3000mg/day Flushing! Itching! Nausea! ORTHOstatic HTN! Raised LFTs! MYOpathy! HYPERuricemia! HYPERglycemia! Nicotinic Acid Reduces VLDL in liver>>DECR. synthesis of LDL-C |
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Buspirone
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Buspar
Anxiety |
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Nabumetone
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Relafen
Inflammation, Pain NSAID |
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Promethazine/ Codeine
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Phenergan with Codeine
Cough |
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Ibandronate
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Boniva
Osteoporosis 5mg daily or 35mg 1x WEEKLY Take w/ AT LEAST 8 OZ OF WATER 30 MINS BEFORE OTHER MEDS OR FOOD! Must remain UPRIGHT FOR ATLEAST 30 MINS! Nausea! Dyspepsia! ESOPHAGEAL IRRITATION! Ulceration! MUSCLE PAIN! Interacts w/ NSAIDs & ASA >>INCr GI probs! Bisphosphanate Adsorb to bone apatite & INHIBIT Osteoclast activity |
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Methotrexate
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Rheumatrex
Rheumatoid Arthritis IM or SC 15-25mg/week Only effective for Crohn's disease Hepatotoxicity! Bone marrow suppression! Pneumonitis! Rash! N/D! NSAIDs & salicylates INCREASE toxicity risk! PCNs & sulfonamides & Tetracyclines INCREASE toxicity risk! Antimetabolite via Folic Acid antagonism Immunosuppessant via DECr. production of inflammatory mediators (ex.INTERLEUKINs) |
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Fluticasone
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Flovent, Flonase
Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis Steroid |
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Bisprolol/ HCTZ
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Ziac
HTN Beta Blocker/ Diuretic |
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Butalbital/ APAP / Caffeine
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Fioricet
Headache analgesic |
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Phentermine
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Adipex-P, Fastin
Weight Loss Stimulant |
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Moxifloxacin
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Avelox
bacterial infection 400mg po Q24H Gm(+) [esp. Strep], Gm (-), Atypicals PHOTOsensitivity! Separate use from Antacisd, dairy, Iron, Mg! Use w/ Corticosteroids>>TENDON RUPTURE! Use w/ NSAIDs>>SEIZURES! Fluroquinolone Inhibs DNA topoisomerase & gyrase (inhibs. replication)>>BacterioCIDAL |
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Clotrimazole/ Betamethasone
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Lotrisone
Topical Fungal infections Antifungal/ Steroid |
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Minocycline
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Minocin, Dynacin
Bacterial Infection 100mg po; Q4-12hrs IR & ER dosing PHOTOsensitivity! Discolored teeth (Permanent)! Impaired teeth/Bone Growth! Antacids & Iron DECR. Absorption 3A4 INTERACTIONS! Tetracycline Binds to 30S subunit>>BacterioSTATIC |
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Nifedipine
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Procardia, Adalat
HTN 30-180mg/day DONT use SL Nifedipine [MI & Death]! Reflex Tachycardia! GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA! PERIPHERAL Edema! 3A4 inhibitors INCREASE its effects! DHP CCB Binds to L-type channels in Heart, Coronary/Peripheral arteries>>Vasodilation of smooth muscle DHP: MORE selective to vasculature; NO effect on Cardiac conduction! |
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Aripiprazole
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Abilify
Schizophrenia Atypical Antipsychotic |
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Cefdinir
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Omnicef
Bacterial Infection 300mg Q12H or 600mg QD Antacids & Iron DECREASE absorption! Renal adjust cephalosporin Inhibs Bacterial Cell wall synthesis>>BacterioCIDAL |
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Irebesartan/ HCTZ
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Avalide
HTN ARB/ Diuretic |
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Terazosin
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Hytrin
BPH 1-10mg po, daily HS(to prevent dizziness/falls during the day) HYPOTN! ORTHOstasis! Syncope! Dizziness! Interacts w/ PDE inhibitors! Anti-HTN meds!>>HypoTN!! Alpha 1 receptor antagonist |
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Mupirocin
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Bactroban
Impertigo |
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Felodipine
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Plendil
HTN 2.5-20mg/day Reflex Tachycardia! GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA! PERIPHERAL edema! 3A4 inhibitors INCREASE its effects! DONT use w/ GRAPEFRUIT JUICE! DHP CCB Binds to L-type channels in Heart, Coronary/Peripheral arteries>>Vasodilation of Smooth Muscle DHP: MORE selective to vasulature; NO effect on cardiac conduction |
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Ropinirole
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Requip
Parkinson's Disease, Restless Leg Syndrome Dopamine Agonist |
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Olanzepine
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Zyprexa
Schizophrenia Atypical Antipsychotic |
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Valpric Acid
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Depakote, Depakene
Seizure, Bipolar Disorder Anticonvulsant |
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Metaxolone
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Skelaxin
Muscle Spasm Muscle Relaxant |
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Tramadol/ APAP
|
Ultracet
Pain 2 tabs Q 4-6hrs PRN (Max 4gm of APAP) Analgesic |
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Tizanidine
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Zanaflex
Muscle Spasm Muscle Relaxant |
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Insulin Lispro
|
Humalog
Diabetes Hormone |
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Ferrous Sulfate
|
Niferex, Feosol
Anemia Supplement |
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Phenytoin
|
Dilantin
Seizures Anticonvulsant |
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Methadone
|
Dolophine
Pain 2.5-10mg/Q8-12hrs (for naive pts) Long Half-life CYP 3A4 INHIBITOR! Analgesic Analgesic |
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|
Lithium
|
Eskalith, Lithobid
Bipolar Disorder 300-1200mg daily (BID-TID) Serum conc. 0.6-1.5mEq/L D/V! Drowsiness! MUSCLE WEAKNESS! LACK OF COORDINATION! ATAXIA! BLURRED VISION! TINNITUS! SIGNIFICANT interactions w/ ACEIs & Diuretics which decr. Lithium Clearance! Mood Stabilizer Alter'd Na transport>>shift to intraneuronal metabolism of Catecholamines |
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Methocarbamol
|
Robaxin
Muscle Spasm Muscel Relaxant |
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|
Benzonate
|
Tessalon
Cough Anesthetic |
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|
Memantine
|
Namenda
Alzheimer'd Dementia NMDA receptor Antagonist |
|
|
Famotidine
|
Pepcid
GERD, heartburn 20-80mg/day 'Pepcid Complet'e contains Calcium carbonate & Magnesium hydroxide! OTC and Rx forms Headache! Fatigue! Dizziness! Confusion! Renal Adjust H2 Receptor Antagonist Reversibly inhibits H (Histamine)2 receptors in Parietal cells |
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|
Lidocaine
|
Lidoderm
Pain Anesthetic |
|
|
Atomoxetine
|
Strattera
ADD, ADHD Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor |
|
|
Levonorgestrel/ Ethinyl Estradiol
|
Alesse, Aviane, Levora, Lo Ovral, Seasonale (Others)
Contraception 20mcg Estradiol/0.1 mg Levonorgestrel (Alesse & Aviane) 30mcg E.E/ 0.15 mg Lev N/V! Bleeding! Wt Change! Edema! VTE!! INTERACTS w/ Antibiotics! Anticonvulsants! Protease Inhibitors! Rifampin! [need BACKUP method for at least 1 week; if on chronic tx w/ above meds] Hormone |
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|
Atenolol/ Chlorthalidone
|
Tenoretic
HTN Beta blocker/Diuretic |
|
|
Phenazopyridine
|
Pyridium
Urinary tract Infection Analgesic |
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|
Chlorhexidine
|
Peridex
Gingivitis Antiseptic |
|
|
Nitroglycerine
|
Nitroquick, Nitrostat
Angina Nitrate |
|
|
Olopatadine
|
Patanol
Allergy H1 receptor Antagonist |
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|
Etodolac
|
Lodine
Inflammation, Pain NSAID |
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|
Cochicine
|
Colchicine
Gout 1mg then 0.5mg Q2H until sx resolve; or Diarrhea; or 8mg taken Used for Treatm't & Prophylaxis N/V/D! Bone Marrow Suppression! (Rare) Aplastic anemia! (Rare) Thrombocytopenia! (Rare) Anti-inflammatory inhibs Lactc acid prod. DECr. Uric Acid Deposition, Reduces Phagocytosis & DECr. Inflammation |
|
|
Finasteride
|
Proscar, Propecia
BPH, Alopecia 5 alpha reductase Inhibitor |
|
|
Clarithromycin
|
Biaxin
bacterial Infection IR & ER dosing (BID & TID) Take ER w/ FOOD! Max: 1000mg/day 3A4 INHIBITOR & SUBSTRATE! TORSADES risk! WARFARIN & DIGOXIN toxicity! macrolide Binds to 50S subunit>>inhibits Bacterial protein synthesis>>BacterioSTATIC |
|
|
Nortiptyline
|
Aventyl, Pamelor
Depression TCA |
|
|
Hydroxychloroquine
|
Plaquenil
Malaria, Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) |
|
|
Dicyclomine
|
Bentyl
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Anticholinergic |
|
|
Desoloratadine
|
Clarinex
Allergy H1 receptor antagonist |
|
|
Insulin Aspart
|
NovoLog
Diabetes Hormone |
|
|
Hyoscyamine
|
Levsin
PUD, IBS Anticholinergic |
|
|
Sitagliptan
|
Januvia
Diabetes DPP-4 Inhibitor |
|
|
Levalbuterol
|
Xopenex
Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Bronchodilator |
|
|
Amiodarone
|
Cordarone, Pacerone
Arrhythmia IV & PO dising Bradycardia/ Heartblock/ HYPOTN (IV)! Thyroid probs (po)! Pulmonary fibrosis (po)! Bradycardia/Heartblock (po)! Cornea deposits (po)! PHOTOsensitivity! Blue-grey skin (po)! 3A4 SUBSTRATE! LONG Halle-life (months)! Take w/ FOOD! Anti-arrhythmic Class 3 K+ channel,Na+chanel, Ca+ channel & Beta-Blocker |
|
|
Propranolol
|
Inderal, InnoPran
HTN IR & ER forms IR: 80-640mg/day (2-3x/ Daily) Same SE's as selective Bbs BetaBlocker (nonselective) CNS-related side effect due to its lipophilicity |
|
|
Hydroxyzine
|
Atarax, Vistaril
Allergy, Pruritus H1 Recptor Antagonist |
|
|
Diclofenac
|
Voltaren, Cataflam
Inflammation, Pain 50-150mg daily (BID-TID) GI bleed/upset! Rash! DECr. RENAL fxn! EDEMA! Interacts w/ salacylates/ WARFARIN / LITHIUM / ACEIs! Give w/ FOOD! NSAID DECr. pain via inhibition of CENTRAL Cyclooxygenase>>inhibits Prostaglandin synthesis |
|
|
Olmesartan/ HCTZ
|
Benicar HCT
HTN ARB/Diuretic |
