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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gentamicin (Garamycin) |
Indication: Infections caused by P. Aeruginosa Dose form: Injection Dose: 1.5-2 mg/kg/dose q8h based on weight Monitoring Parameters: -Efficacy Peaks= 5-10 ug/ml -Nephrotoxic trough= 1-2 ug/ml Common ADRs: electrolyte wasting (K,Mg), nephrotoxicity Severe ADRs: ototoxicity, neuromuscular blockade Major DIs: -Oto- or Nephrotoxic agents: additive effect -Neuromuscular blocking agents: potentiates blockade |
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Tobramycin (Tobrex, Tobi-inhalation) |
Indication: infections caused by P. Aeruginosa, improve cystic fibrosis by decreasing bacterial colony counts (inhalation) Dose: -1.5-2 mg/kg/day q 8 hrs -Inhalation: 300 mg q 12 hrs |
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Neomycin-Polymixin B (neosporin) |
Indication: minor skin infections Dose forms: topical ointment/cream Dose: AAA 3-4 times daily
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Isoniazid (Laniazid, Nydrazid) |
Indication: Active and Latent TB Dose forms: tab, soln, injection Dose: -Active: 5 mg/kg daily (Max 300 mg/dose) or 15 mg/kg 2-3 times weekly (Max 900 mg/dose) -Latent: 5 mg/kg daily (Max 300 mg/dose) Common ADRs: peripheral neuropathy, elevated liver function tests, abdominal pain Severe ADRs: hepatitis, hypersensitivity, anemia,thrombocytopenia, SLE Major DIs: -Cycloserine, ethionamide: potentiates nervous system toxicity -Ethanol: increased hepatotoxicity -Carbamazepine: increases levels -Phenytoin: increases levels -Serotonergic agents: serotonin syndrome |
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Rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane) |
Indication: Active and latent TB, asymptomatic carriers of N. Meningitides Dose forms: caps, injection Dose: 600 mg IV or PO q24 hrs Common ADRs: N/V, cramps, rash, fever, drowsiness, elevated liver function tests Severe ADRs: hypersensitivity, hyperbilirubinemia, thrombocytopenia Major DIs: -Antacids: reduce absorption of Rifampin -Cotrimoxazole: increase levels of rifampin -Isoniazid or halothane: potentiates hepatotoxicity -Drugs known to be cleared more rapidly by rifampin and have decreased effects: phenytoin,disopyramide, quinidine, warfarin, azoles, diltiazem, nifedipine, barbiturates, beta blockers, chloramphenicol, clarithromycin, digoxin, OCs, doxy, hypoglycemic agents, levothyroxine, methadone, narcotic analgesics, TCAs, tactility a, cyclosporine, theophylline |
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Penicillin class |
Common ADRs: N/V, diarrhea, rash Severe ADRs: hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, seizures, pseudomembranous colitis Major DIs: -Probenecid: results in increased and prolonged serum concentrations -Chloramphenicol, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines: interfere with bactericidal effects of penicillin |
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Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox) |
Indication: Upper respiratory tract infections, H. Pylori infections Dose forms: caps, tabs, suspension Dose: -Mild-mod: 250 mg TID or 500 mg bid -Mod-severe: 500 mg TID or 875 bid |
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Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin) |
Indication: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections, skin and structure infections Dose forms: tab suspension Dose (based on amoxicillin) -Mild-mod: 250 mg TID or 500 mg bid -Mod-severe: 500 mg TID or 875 mg bid |
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Penicillin (Beepen-VK, Pen-VK, Veetids) |
Indication: Strep infections, prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections Dose forms: tab, oral soln Dose: 250-500 mg 2-3 times daily |
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Cephalosporin class |
Common ADRs: Hypersensitivity, rash, diarrhea Severe ADRs: anaphylaxis, bone marrow suppression, C-diff diarrhea |
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Cefprozil (Cefzil) |
Indication: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections, uncomplicated S/S infections Dose forms: tab, suspension Dose: 250-500 mg bid Common ADRs: N/V Major DIs: Probenecid: increases conc of cefprozil through impaired excretion |
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Cefdinir (Omnicef) |
Indication: Upper and lower respiratory infections Dose forms: caps, suspension Dose: 300 mg bid or 600 mg daily |
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Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) |
Indication: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections, UTIs, gonorrhea, meningitis Dose forms: IV/IM Dose: -1-2 g 1-2 times daily (Max dose not to exceed 4 grams) -Meningitis: 2 g IV q 12hrs -Gonorrhea: 250 mg IM once Common ADRs: Injection site irritation |
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Cefuroxime (Ceftin) |
Indication: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections, UTIs, gonorrhea Dose forms: tab, suspension, injection Dose: -250-500 mg bid -Gonorrhea: 1 g once |
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Cephalexin (Keflex, Keftab) |
Indication: Upper respiratory tract infections, uncomplicated S/S infections Dose forms: caps, suspension Dose: 250 mg qid |
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Fluoroquinolone class |
Common ADRs: HA, dizziness, confusion, photosensitivity, nausea, diarrhea Severe ADRs: QTc prolongation, hypotension, tremor, seizures skin reactions, hepatitis, acute interstitial nephritis, arthropathy, tendon rupture, hypoglycemia, pseudomembranous colitis Major DIs: -Di- and trivalent cations: decrease oral FQ absorption -QT prolonging drugs: potentiates QT prolongation |
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Fluoroquinolone class |
Common ADRs: HA, dizziness, confusion, photosensitivity, nausea, diarrhea Severe ADRs: QTc prolongation, hypotension, tremor, seizures skin reactions, hepatitis, acute interstitial nephritis, arthropathy, tendon rupture, hypoglycemia, pseudomembranous colitis Major DIs: -Di- and trivalent cations: decrease oral FQ absorption -QT prolonging drugs: potentiates QT prolongation |
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Ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Cipro XR) |
Indication: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections, UTIs, intra-abdominal infections Dose forms: tab, ER tab, suspension, injection, ophthalmic soln and oint, otic suspension Dose -Oral: 250-750 mg bid -ER: 500-1,000 mg daily for UTI -IV: 200-400 mg 2-3 times daily Major DIs: -NSAIDs: increase risk of CNS stimulation and/or seizures -Theophylline: conc increases on average by 33% -Phenytoin: both increased and decreased levels have been reported -Warfarin: enhanced anticoagulant effect |
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Fluoroquinolone class |
Common ADRs: HA, dizziness, confusion, photosensitivity, nausea, diarrhea Severe ADRs: QTc prolongation, hypotension, tremor, seizures skin reactions, hepatitis, acute interstitial nephritis, arthropathy, tendon rupture, hypoglycemia, pseudomembranous colitis Major DIs: -Di- and trivalent cations: decrease oral FQ absorption -QT prolonging drugs: potentiates QT prolongation |
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Ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Cipro XR) |
Indication: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections, UTIs, intra-abdominal infections Dose forms: tab, ER tab, suspension, injection, ophthalmic soln and oint, otic suspension Dose -Oral: 250-750 mg bid -ER: 500-1,000 mg daily for UTI -IV: 200-400 mg 2-3 times daily Major DIs: -NSAIDs: increase risk of CNS stimulation and/or seizures -Theophylline: conc increases on average by 33% -Phenytoin: both increased and decreased levels have been reported -Warfarin: enhanced anticoagulant effect |
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Levofloxacin (Levaquin) |
Indication: upper and lower respiratory tract infections, UTIs, skin and soft tissue infections Dose forms: tab, injection Dose: 250-750 mg daily Major DIs: -NSAIDs: increase risk of CNS stimulation and/or seizures -Antidiabetic agents: may result in enhanced hypoglycemic effect |
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Fluoroquinolone class |
Common ADRs: HA, dizziness, confusion, photosensitivity, nausea, diarrhea Severe ADRs: QTc prolongation, hypotension, tremor, seizures skin reactions, hepatitis, acute interstitial nephritis, arthropathy, tendon rupture, hypoglycemia, pseudomembranous colitis Major DIs: -Di- and trivalent cations: decrease oral FQ absorption -QT prolonging drugs: potentiates QT prolongation |
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Ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Cipro XR) |
Indication: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections, UTIs, intra-abdominal infections Dose forms: tab, ER tab, suspension, injection, ophthalmic soln and oint, otic suspension Dose -Oral: 250-750 mg bid -ER: 500-1,000 mg daily for UTI -IV: 200-400 mg 2-3 times daily Major DIs: -NSAIDs: increase risk of CNS stimulation and/or seizures -Theophylline: conc increases on average by 33% -Phenytoin: both increased and decreased levels have been reported -Warfarin: enhanced anticoagulant effect |
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Levofloxacin (Levaquin) |
Indication: upper and lower respiratory tract infections, UTIs, skin and soft tissue infections Dose forms: tab, injection Dose: 250-750 mg daily Major DIs: -NSAIDs: increase risk of CNS stimulation and/or seizures -Antidiabetic agents: may result in enhanced hypoglycemic effect |
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Moxifloxacin (Avelox) |
Indication: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections Dose forms: tab, injection Dose: 400 mg daily |
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Vancomycin (Vancocin) |
Indication: respiratory tract infections, bloodstream infections, S/S infections, treatment of C. Diff (oral) Dose forms: injection, caps Dose: -Oral: 125-500 mg q6hrs -Injection: 15-20 mg/kg bid Monitoring: -Troughs: 10-20 mg/L (>15-20 mg/L are associated with nephrotoxicity) Common ADRs: red man syndrome, phlebitis, nephrotoxicity Severe ADRs: bone marrow suppression (rare), hypersensitivity (rare) Major DIs: -Nephrotoxic or ototoxic agents: enhanced toxicity -Anesthesia: enhanced histamine release and rash |
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Vancomycin (Vancocin) |
Indication: respiratory tract infections, bloodstream infections, S/S infections, treatment of C. Diff (oral) Dose forms: injection, caps Dose: -Oral: 125-500 mg q6hrs -Injection: 15-20 mg/kg bid Monitoring: -Troughs: 10-20 mg/L (>15-20 mg/L are associated with nephrotoxicity) Common ADRs: red man syndrome, phlebitis, nephrotoxicity Severe ADRs: bone marrow suppression (rare), hypersensitivity (rare) Major DIs: -Nephrotoxic or ototoxic agents: enhanced toxicity -Anesthesia: enhanced histamine release and rash |
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Clindamycin (Cleocin) |
Indication: S/S infections, intra-abdominal infections Dose forms: caps, injection Dose: -Oral: 150-450 mg q6-8 hrs -IV: 300-900 mg q6-8 hrs Common ADRs: abdominal pain, diarrhea, N/V, rash, pruritus Severe ADRs: pseudomembranous colitis, hypersensitivity, jaundice, severe skin eruption Major DIs: -Neuromuscular blocking agents: enhanced neuromuscular blockade |
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Macrolide class |
Common ADRs: Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, injection site pain, rash, elevated liver function tests Severe ADRs: allergic reaction, QTc prolongation |
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Macrolide class |
Common ADRs: Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, injection site pain, rash, elevated liver function tests Severe ADRs: allergic reaction, QTc prolongation |
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Azithromycin (Zithromax, Z-pak, Zmax) |
Indications: Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections, treatment and prophylaxis of MAC Dose forms: caps, suspension, injection Dose: -500 or 250 mg daily -Z-pak: 500 mg on day 1, then 250 mg on days 2-5 -Zmax: 2 g single dose -Prevention of MAC: 1200 mg once weekly -Treatment of disseminated MAC: 600 mg daily Common ADRs: injection site pain Monitoring suggested in pts receiving digoxin, theophylline, ergots, triazolam, warfarin, and other CYP450 enzymes |
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Macrolide class |
Common ADRs: Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, injection site pain, rash, elevated liver function tests Severe ADRs: allergic reaction, QTc prolongation |
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Azithromycin (Zithromax, Z-pak, Zmax) |
Indications: Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections, treatment and prophylaxis of MAC Dose forms: caps, suspension, injection Dose: -500 or 250 mg daily -Z-pak: 500 mg on day 1, then 250 mg on days 2-5 -Zmax: 2 g single dose -Prevention of MAC: 1200 mg once weekly -Treatment of disseminated MAC: 600 mg daily Common ADRs: injection site pain Monitoring suggested in pts receiving digoxin, theophylline, ergots, triazolam, warfarin, and other CYP450 enzymes |
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Clarithromycin (Biaxin, Biaxin-XL) |
Indication: Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections, treatment of MAC Dose forms: tabs, ER tabs, suspension Dose -250-500 mg q12h -ER: 1000 mg q24h Common ADRs: Altered taste Severe ADRs: prolonged QTc interval Major DIs: -Ritonavir: increase conc of Clarithromycin by 77% and its metabolite by 100% -Theophylline concentrations increase by 20% -Carbamazepine levels increase -Warfarin: enhanced anticoagulant effect -Digoxin levels increase significantly -Ergots: may result in acute ergot toxicity -QTc prolonging agents: potentiates QTc prolongation Contraindications: co-administration with cisapride, pimozide, or terfenadine |
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Macrolide class |
Common ADRs: Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, injection site pain, rash, elevated liver function tests Severe ADRs: allergic reaction, QTc prolongation |
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Azithromycin (Zithromax, Z-pak, Zmax) |
Indications: Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections, treatment and prophylaxis of MAC Dose forms: caps, suspension, injection Dose: -500 or 250 mg daily -Z-pak: 500 mg on day 1, then 250 mg on days 2-5 -Zmax: 2 g single dose -Prevention of MAC: 1200 mg once weekly -Treatment of disseminated MAC: 600 mg daily Common ADRs: injection site pain Monitoring suggested in pts receiving digoxin, theophylline, ergots, triazolam, warfarin, and other CYP450 enzymes |
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Clarithromycin (Biaxin, Biaxin-XL) |
Indication: Community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections, treatment of MAC Dose forms: tabs, ER tabs, suspension Dose -250-500 mg q12h -ER: 1000 mg q24h Common ADRs: Altered taste Severe ADRs: prolonged QTc interval Major DIs: -Ritonavir: increase conc of Clarithromycin by 77% and its metabolite by 100% -Theophylline concentrations increase by 20% -Carbamazepine levels increase -Warfarin: enhanced anticoagulant effect -Digoxin levels increase significantly -Ergots: may result in acute ergot toxicity -QTc prolonging agents: potentiates QTc prolongation Contraindications: co-administration with cisapride, pimozide, or terfenadine |
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Erythromycin (Ery-Tab, E-Mycin, EES, EryPed, Ilosone) |
Indication: community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, pre operative bowl preparation Dose forms: ophthalmic oint, topical oint, gel, and solution, multiple oral, injection Dose: -Mild-mod: 250-500 qid -Severe: 500-1000 mg q6h Common ADRs: infusion site pain, phlebitis, prolonged QTc interval, diarrhea Severe ADRs: hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity Major DIs: -Carbamazepine, valproic acid: increased levels -Cyclosporin: increased levels -Ergots: increased levels (CI) -HmG-CoA Inhibitors: increased risk of rhabdo -Midazolam, triazolam: decreased clearance, prolonged sedative effect -Theophylline: increased concentrations -Warfarin: potentiates anticoagulant effect -QTc prolonging drugs: potentiates QTc prolongation |
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Metronidazole |
Indication: anaerobic bacterial infections, C. Diff infection, pelvic inflammatory disease Dose forms: tab, ER tab, capsule, injection, topical gel Dose: 250-500 mg PO or IV 2-4 times daily Common ADRs: nausea, metallic taste, peripheral neuropathy Severe ADRs: pancreatitis, hypersensitivity, stomatitis, confusion, dizziness, seizures Major DIs: -EtOH: mild disulfiram rxn -Phenobarbital: decreased half-life of metronidazole -Warfarin: potentiated anticoagulant effect possibly leading to bleeding effects -Disulfiram: acute psychosis and confusion -Lithium: increased levels |
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Metronidazole |
Indication: anaerobic bacterial infections, C. Diff infection, pelvic inflammatory disease Dose forms: tab, ER tab, capsule, injection, topical gel Dose: 250-500 mg PO or IV 2-4 times daily Common ADRs: nausea, metallic taste, peripheral neuropathy Severe ADRs: pancreatitis, hypersensitivity, stomatitis, confusion, dizziness, seizures Major DIs: -EtOH: mild disulfiram rxn -Phenobarbital: decreased half-life of metronidazole -Warfarin: potentiated anticoagulant effect possibly leading to bleeding effects -Disulfiram: acute psychosis and confusion -Lithium: increased levels |
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Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) |
Indication: UTIs, S/S infections, treatment and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia Dose forms: tab, suspension, injection Dose: -Oral: 1 DS tab bid -Pneumocystis prophylaxis: 1 DS tab bid or three times a week P jirovecii pneumonia: 15-20 mg/kg/day of trimethoprim component divided in 3-4 doses Common ADRs: N/V, anorexia, rash, urticaria, hyperkalemia, arthralgias, myalgia, hepatitis Severe ADRs: toxic epidermal necrolysis, fulminant hepatic necrosis, agranulocytosis, bone marrow suppression, crystalluria, renal failure, anaphylaxis Major DIs: -Thiazides: thrombocytopenia with purpura in elderly -Phenytoin: increased half-life -Methotrexate: increased free concentration -Oral hypoglycemic agents: potentiates hypoglycemia -Digoxin: serum levels may increase |
