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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is fluoroscopy used for?
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Evaluating things that move like
-diaphragm -GI tract -blood vessels and heart -inserting catheter or fixation devices |
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In what order does CT go through body?
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Bone
Water Fat Air |
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Why do different parts of body show up as different colors on CT and XRAY scans?
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Because of differences in density and atomic number
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What is CT good for?
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Finding pathology
Multiplanar reconstruction = 3D In vivo autopsy |
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How are x-rays generated?
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X-rays are generated by collision of high energy electrons with metallic anode producing photons
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What is hyperplasia?
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increase in cell number, usually with increase in tissue mass
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Types of physiologic hyperplasia
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Hormonal - glandular epithelium in breast during pregnancy
Compensatory - kidney after nephrectomy |
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Types of pathologic hyperplasia
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Breeding ground for cancer!
Endometrial hyperplasia BPH |
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What is hypertrophy? Example of physiologic? Example of pathogenic?
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Increase in cell size
Phys: skeletal muscle Path: cardiomyocytes and increased AL (HTN) |
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What is metaplasia?
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Change in 1 differentiated cell type into another differentiated cell type
-usually adaptive -usually reversible |
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Examples of metaplasia?
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Smoking and resp epithelium
Barrett esophagus |
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What is dysplasia?
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Atypical proliferation of cells with:
-abnormal appearance (pleomorphism, nuclear enlargement (increased N:C) and irregularity) -disorderly rearrangement -hyperchromasia |
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What is pleomorphism?
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Variation in size and shape
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What is hyperchromasia?
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Dark staining of nuclei - occurs during dysplasia
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What is neoplasia?
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Abnormal growth of tissue
Excessive growth of tissue Uncoordinated and autonomous Benign and malignant |
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What is a benign neoplasm?
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Growth without invasion or spread
-usually grows slowly -remains localized |
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What causes morbidity for a benign neoplasm?
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Size
Anatomic location Production of hormone |
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Describe the nomenclature of benign neoplasm?
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Add -oma
Osteoma Chondroma Adenoma |
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Histology of Benign Neoplasms
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Resembles normal counterpart
Well differentiated Low mitotic rate Well circumscribed Do not metastasize |
