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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Louis and Mary Leakey @ Olduvai Gorge
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prove that Africa was where humanity evolved/started
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Homo (Australopithecus?) habilis
(general) |
"able man"
Found in E.africa and S. Africa Stone Tools |
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Homo (Australopithecus?) habilis
(physical/characteristics) |
Larger brain--Ave 630 cc
Back teeth not as lg as front Smaller teeth Foot and Femora=modern version of bipedalism |
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Homo/Aust rudolfensis
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Bigger brain than habilis
Larger/more flat face Larger molars |
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Kenyanthropus Platyops
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Flat face
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Oldowan tools
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Homo habilis
cut marks in bone=meat eating |
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habilis Hunter or Scavenger?
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Most likely scavenger
@ olduvai, tool brought from far away |
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Eugene Dubois
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found 1st H. erectus in 1891
brain smlr but femurs almost same |
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H ergaster location
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Africa
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H. erectus location
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Asia
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Overlap?
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ergaster/erectus fossils date btwn 1.8mya and 200kya
habilis extinct ~ 1.5mya |
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H. erectus/ergaster (general)
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-1st member of Homo to leave aftrica
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When did erectus leave Africa?
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Sit of Dmanisi--H. ergaster in Eurasia
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Dmanisi
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Mandible, stone tools, and extinct fauna found in same layer
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Homo floresiensis (physical)
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3-4 ft tall
95kya-13kya cranial capacity 380 H erectus? |
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Homo floresiensis (general)
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Stone tool technology-multi purpose tools
Evidence of butchering various animals |
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H. erectus in Asia?
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Java ~ 1.8 myo
Sangiran, Java ~1.6 myo Gongwangling, China 800kya-1myo |
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Homo ergaster/erectus cranial capacity
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MUCH larger than earlier hominids
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Wear patterns in erectus/ergaster
Jaws and Teeth... Face |
Extensive meat eating
More robust ascending ramus compared to H sapiens Larger brow ridges |
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Nariokotome Boy, Lake Turkana
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1st hominin to have proportions similar to humans
pelvis relatively narrow little sexual dimorphism=monogomy ~6 ft tall as an adult |
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Expensive Tissue Hypothesis
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Metabolic cost of bigger brain are "paid for" by offestting requirements of the gut
*smaller gut lgr brain* |
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Language?
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Smaller spinal camal=less breathing control?
Hypoglossal Canal=transmits hypolossal nerve--doesnt increase until ~400 kya in homo spains--downt associate with speech abilities and varies alot within species |
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Differences between African and Asian Homo ergaster/erectus
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Ergaster--thinner cranial bones
-less robust brow ridges -less sagittal keeling -More similar to archic Homo Sapiens |
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Cultural behavior H. ergaster
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stone tools
possible skilled cooperative hunter used caves for shelter and might have made temporary shelters used FIRE!! |
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ergaster/erectus & controlled use of fire
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earliest evidence 1.4-1.5 mya in E Africa
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Best Evidence of ergaster/erectus fire
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Zhoukoudian--
Burnt bones, stones, thick ash beds 400 kya |
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ergaster stone tool use
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Acheulian
similar to oldowan 1.4 mya |
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Acheulian Tradition
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Flatter & sharper, straighter sides
standardized |
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Tool difference in erectus/ergaster
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erectus arrived in Asia before invention of Acheulian tools in Africa---technology may not have spread to Asia
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erectus/ergaster hunting
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likely a hunter of small game
Earliest clear evidence of hunting is from olduvai Gorge 1.5 mya |
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erectus/ergaster hunting and gathering
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Child care difficult during hunting
Gathering requires lots of knowledge and much travel Main attributes of modern H&G society are food sharing and division of labor |
