Tonya Dedrick A&p

Front 1

mechanisms of hemostasis

Back 1

a sequence of responses that stops bleeding

3 mechanisms
1.vascular spasm
2.platelet plug formation
3. blood clotting (coagulation)

Front 2

extrinsic pathway of blood clotting

Back 2

occurs rapidly, within a matter of seconds when trauma is severe.
Tissue factor (thromboplastin) leaks into the blood from cells outside blood vessels and initiates the formation of prothrominase

Front 3

3 stages of blood clotting cascade

Back 3

1.two pathways intrinsic and extrinsic
2.prothrombinase converts prothrombin into enzyme thrombin
3.thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin. fibrin forms the thread of the clot

Front 4

fibrinolytic system

Back 4

dissolves small inappropriate clots; it also dissolves clots at a site of damage once the damage is repaired

Front 5

anticoagulants

Back 5

a substance that can delay, supress, or prevent clotting of blood

Front 6

thrombosis

Back 6

the formation of a clot in an unbroken blood vessel, usually a vein

Front 7

compatible transfusion types

Back 7

type A can recieve A,O
type B can recieve B,O
type AB can recieve A,B,AB,O
type O can recieve O

Front 8

incompatible transfusion types

Back 8

type A cant recieve B,AB
type B cant recieve A,AB
type AB can recieve any
type O cant recieve A,B,AB

Front 9

Rh+ blood group

Back 9

people whose RBCs have Rh antigens

Front 10

Rh- blood group

Back 10

people who lack Rh antigens

Front 11

Rh incompatiblity to Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Back 11

at birth a small quantity of fetal blood usually leaks across the placenta into the maternal bloodstream. upon exposure to the Rh antigens the mother's immune system responds by making anti Rh antibodies. During a subsequent pregnancy, the maternal antibodies cross the placenta into the fetal blood. if 2nd fetus is Rh+ the ensuing antigen-antibody reaction causes agglutination and hemolysis of fetal RBCs. the result is HDN.

Front 12

pericardium

Back 12

the membrane that surrounds and protects the heart

Front 13

pericardial cavity

Back 13

the space that contains the few milliliters of pericardial fluid

Front 14

epicardium

Back 14

the thin, transparent outer layer of the heart wall, also called the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Front 15

right atrium

Back 15

recieves blood from 3 veins:
1. superior vena cava
2. inferior vena cava
3. coronary sinus

Front 16

left atrium

Back 16

forms most of the base of the heart, recieves blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins

Front 17

right ventricle

Back 17

the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk

Front 18

left ventricle

Back 18

the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta

Front 19

superior vena cava

Back 19

receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart; formed from the azygos and both brachiocephalic veins

Front 20

inferior vena cava

Back 20

receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart; formed from the union of the two iliac veins

Front 21

pulmonary artery

Back 21

an artery conveying venous blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.

Front 22

aorta

Back 22

the main trunk of the arterial system, conveying blood from the left ventricle of the heart to all of the body except the lungs.

Front 23

tricuspid valve

Back 23

the valve, consisting of three triangular flaps of tissue between the right auricle and ventricle of the heart, that keeps blood from flowing back into the auricle.

Front 24

bicuspid valve

Back 24

the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart, consisting of two triangular flaps of tissue, that prevents the blood from flowing back into the atrium.

Front 25

pulmonary semilunar valve

Back 25

a semilunar valve between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle of the heart that prevents the blood from flowing back into the right ventricle.

Front 26

interatrial septum

Back 26

The wall between the atria of the heart.

Front 27

chordae tendinae

Back 27

any of the tendons extending from the papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves and preventing the valves from moving into the atria during ventricular contraction.

Front 28

papillary muscles

Back 28

one of the small bundles of muscles attached to the ventricle walls and to the chordae tendineae that tighten these tendons during ventricular contraction.

Front 29

auricle

Back 29

wrinkled pouchlike structureon the anterior surface of each atrium that slightly increases capacity of an atrium

Front 30

left coronary artery

Back 30

arises from the left aortic sinus; supplies the left side of the heart

Front 31

circumflex branch

Back 31

in coronary sulcus, supplies left atrium and left ventricle

Front 32

anterior interventricular branch AKA left anterior descending artery

Back 32

supplies both ventricles

Front 33

right coronary artery

Back 33

arises from the right aortic sinus; supplies the right side of the heart

Front 34

marginal branch

Back 34

in coronary sulcus, supplies right ventricle

Front 35

posterior interventricular branch

Back 35

supplies both ventricles

Front 36

coronary veins

Back 36

any of several veins that receive blood from the heart wall and empty into the coronary sinus.

Front 37

flow of deoxygenated blood through the heart

Back 37

deoxygentated blood starts in the right atrium, pumps through the tricuspid valve, in the right ventricle, through pulmonary valve, into pulmonary trunk and arteries, in pulmonary capillaries, blood loses CO2, and gains O2.