Tonic

Front 1

manipulate

Back 1

v, /操作/operate with one's hands; control or play upon (people, forces, etc.) artfully. Jim Henson understood how to manipulate the Muppets. Madonna understands how to manipulate men (and publicity).

Front 2

mannered

Back 2

ADJ. /做作的，矫饰的/affected; not natural. Attempting to copy the style of his wealthy neighbors, Gatsby adopted a man¬nered, artificial way of speech.

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marital

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ADJ. /婚姻的/pertaining to marriage. After the publication of his book on marital affairs, he was often consulted by mar¬ried people on the verge of divorce.

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maritime

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ADJ. /海事的，海运的，海上的/bordering on the sea; nautical. The Maritime Provinces depend on the sea for their wealth.

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marked

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ADJ. /值得注意的；报仇的目标/noticeable or pronounced; targeted for vengeance. He walked with a marked limp, a souvenir of an old I.R.A. attack. As British ambassador, he knew he was a marked man, for he knew the Irish Republican Army wanted him dead.

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marquee

Back 6

N. /建筑物入口处的雨棚，遮蔽物/canopy above an entrance, under which one can take shelter; rooflike shelter above a theater entrance. On stormy days, the hotel doorman keeps dry by standing directly beneath the marquee. The title of Arthur Kopit's play Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Momma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feeling So Sad was too long to fit on the marquee.

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marred

Back 7

ADJ. /受损的/damaged; disfigured. She had to refinish the marred surface of the table. mar,V.

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marshal

Back 8

V. /排序；整理/put in order. At a debate tournament, extempo¬raneous speakers have only a minute or two to marshal their thoughts before they address their audience.

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marsupial

Back 9

N. /有袋哺乳动物（袋鼠、袋熊、袋狼）/one of a family of mammals that nurse their offspring in a pouch. The most common marsupial in North America is the opossum.

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martial

Back 10

ADJ. /好战的；尚武的/warlike. The sound of martial music inspired the young cadet with dreams of military glory.

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martinet

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N. /严格纪律的人/strict disciplinarian. No talking at meals! No mingling with the servants! Miss Minchin was a martinet who insisted that the schoolgirls in her charge observe each regulation to the letter.

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martyr

Back 12

N./殉道者；殉教者；烈士/ one who voluntarily suffers death for his or her religion or cause; great sufferer. By burning her at the stake, the English made Joan of Arc a martyr for her faith. Mother played the martyr by staying home cleaning the house while the rest of the family went off to the beach.

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masochist

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N. /受虐狂/person who enjoys his own pain. The masochist begs, "Hit me." The sadist smiles and says, "I won't."

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material

Back 14

ADJ. /物质的；重要的/made of physical matter; unspiritual; impor¬tant. Probing the mysteries of this material world has always fascinated physicist George Whitesides. Reporters nick¬named Madonna the Material Girl because, despite her name, she seemed wholly uninterested in spiritual values. Lexy's active participation made a material difference to the success of the fund-raiser.

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materialism

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N. /唯物主义/preoccupation with physical comforts and things. By its nature, materialism is opposed to idealism, for where the materialist emphasizes the needs of the body, the idealist emphasizes the needs of the soul.

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maternal

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ADJ. /母性的/motherly. Many animals display maternal instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.

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matriarch

Back 17

N. /女家长；掌管全家的老太婆/woman who rules a family or larger social group. The matriarch ruled her gypsy tribe with a firm hand.

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matriculate

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V. /入学/enroll (in college or graduate school). Incoming students formally matriculate at our college in a special ceremony during which they sign the official regis¬ter of students.

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maudlin

Back 19

ADJ. /多愁善感/effusively sentimental. Whenever a particu¬larly maudlin tearjerker was playing at the movies, Marvin would embarrass himself by weeping copiously.

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maul

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V. /粗手粗脚的处理/handle roughly. The rock star was mauled by his over-excited fans.

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maverick

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N. /没打烙印的动物；闹独立的人；非国教徒；造反者/rebel; nonconformist. To the masculine literary establishment, George Sand with her insistence on wearing trousers and smoking cigars was clearly a maverick who fought her proper womanly role.

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mawkish

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ADJ. /过分多愁善感；感情脆弱到令人作呕的/mushy and gushy; icky-sticky sentimental; maudlin. Whenever Gigi and her boyfriend would sigh and get all lovey-dovey, her little brother would shout, "Yuck!" protesting their mawkish behavior.

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maxim

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N. /至理名言；格言/proverb; a truth pithily stated. Aesop's fables illustrate moral maxims.

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meager

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ADJ. /瘦的；贫乏的，不足的/scanty; inadequate. Still hungry after his meager serving of porridge, Oliver Twist asked for a sec¬ond helping.

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meander

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V. /弯曲；蜿蜒/wind or turn in its course. Needing to stay close to a source of water, he followed every twist and turn of the stream as it meandered through the countryside.

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meddlesome

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ADJ. /爱管闲事的；好事的；好插手的/interfering. He felt his marriage was suf¬fering because of his meddlesome mother-in-law.

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mediate

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V. /调解；仲裁/settle a dispute through the services of an out¬sider. King Solomon was asked to mediate a dispute between two women, each of whom claimed to be the mother of the same child.

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mediocre

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ADJ. /普通的，一般的/ordinary; commonplace. We were disap¬pointed because he gave a rather mediocre performance in this role.

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meditation

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N. /沉思冥想/reflection; thought. She reached her deci¬sion only after much meditation.

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medley

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N. /混合/mixture. To avoid boring dancers by playing any one tune for too long, bands may combine three or four tunes into a medley.

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meek

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ADJ. /谦卑的，驯服的；温和的；顺从的/quiet and obedient; spiritless. Can Lois Lane see through Superman's disguise and spot the superhero hiding behind the guise of meek, timorous Clark Kent? Mr. Barrett never expected his meek daughter would dare to defy him by eloping with her suitor.

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melancholy

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ADJ. /忧郁/gloomy; morose; blue. To Eugene, stuck in his small town, a train whistle was a melancholy sound, for it made him think of all the places he would never get to see.

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mellifluous

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ADJ. /优美的；流畅的；蜜一样的/sweetly or smoothly flowing; melodious. Ital¬ian is a mellifluous language, especially suited to being sung.

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membrane

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N. /（动植物的）膜，薄膜/thin soft sheet of animal or vegetable tissue. Each individual section of an orange is covered with a thin, transparent membrane. membranous,ADJ.

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memento

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N. /有象征意义的物品；纪念品/token; reminder. Take this book as a memento of your visit.

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menagerie

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N. /动物园/collection of wild animals. Whenever the children run wild around the house, Mom shouts, "Calm down! I'm not running a menagerie!"

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mendacious

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ADJ. /撒谎成性的；撒谎的，假的/lying; habitually dishonest. Distrusting Huck from the start, Miss Watson assumed he was menda¬cious and refused to believe a word he said.

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mendicant

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N. /乞丐/beggar. "O noble sir, give alms to the poor," cried Aladdin, playing the mendicant.

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menial

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ADJ. /仆人的；卑贱的/suitable for servants; lowly; mean. Her wicked stepmother forced Cinderella to do menial tasks around the house while her ugly stepsisters lolled around painting their toenails.

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mentor

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N. /门特；顾问；导师/teacher. During this very trying period, she could not have had a better mentor, for the teacher was sympathetic and understanding.

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mercenary

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ADJ. /唯利是图/interested in money or gain. Andy's every act was prompted by mercenary motives: his first question was always "What's in it for me?"

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mercurial

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ADJ. /善变的；无常的/capricious; changing; fickle. Quick as quicksilver to change, he was mercurial in nature and there¬fore unreliable.

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merger

Back 43

N. /合并；吞并/combination (of two business corporations). When the firm's president married the director of financial planning, the office joke was that it wasn't a marriage, it was a merger.

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mesmerize

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V. /施催眠术/hypnotize. The incessant drone seemed to mesmerize him and place him in a trance.

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metallurgical

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ADJ. /冶金的/pertaining to the art of removing metals from ores. During the course of his metallurgical research, the scientist developed a steel alloy of tremendous strength.

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metamorphosis

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N. /变形/change of form; major transformation. The metamorphosis of caterpillar to butterfly is typical of many such changes in animal life. metamorphose,V.

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metaphor

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N. /隐喻/implied comparison. "He soared like an eagle" is an example of a simile; "He is an eagle in flight," a metaphor.

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metaphysical

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ADJ. /形而上学的/pertaining to speculative philosophy. The modern poets have gone back to the fanciful poems of the metaphysical poets of the seventeenth century for many of their images. metaphysics, N.

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methodical

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ADJ. /方法论的；系统化的/systematic. An accountant must be methodical and maintain order among his financial records.

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meticulous

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ADJ. /小心翼翼的/excessively careful; painstaking; scrupu¬lous. Martha Stewart was a meticulous housekeeper, fuss¬ing about each and every detail that went into making up her perfect home.

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metropolis

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N. /大都会/large city. Every evening the terminal is filled with thousands of commuters going from this metropolis to their homes in the suburbs.

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mettle

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N. /勇气；精神/courage; spirit. When challenged by the other horses in the race, the thoroughbred proved its mettle by its determination to hold the lead.

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miasma

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N. /沼气；瘴气，毒气；天然气/swamp gas; heavy, vaporous atmosphere, often emanating from decaying matter; pervasive corrupting influence. The smog hung over Victorian London like a dark cloud; noisome, reeking of decay, it was a visible miasma.

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microcosm

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N. /微观世界/small world; the world in miniature. The small village community that Jane Austen depicts serves as a microcosm of English society in her time, for in this small world we see all the social classes meeting and mingling.

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migrant

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ADJ. /移居的；候鸟的/changing its habitat; wandering. These migrant birds return every spring. also N.

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migratory

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ADJ. /迁徙的；流浪的/wandering. The return of the migratory birds to the northern sections of this country is a harbinger of spring. migrate,V.

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milieu

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N. /环境；（社会）背景/environment; means of expression. Surrounded by smooth preppies and arty bohemians, the country boy from Smalltown, USA, felt out of his milieu. Although he has produced excellent oil paintings and lithographs, his proper milieu is watercolor.

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militant

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ADJ. /好战的/combative; bellicose. Although at this time he was advocating a policy of neutrality, one could usually find him adopting a more militant attitude. also N.

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mimicry

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N. /模仿/imitation. Her gift for mimicry was so great that her friends said that she should be in the theater.

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mincing

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ADJ. /装腔作势的/affectedly dainty. Yum-Yum walked across the stage with mincing steps.

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minuscule

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ADJ. /极小的/extremely small. Why should I involve myself with a project with so minuscule a chance for success?

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minute

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ADJ. /极小的/extremely small. The twins resembled one another closely; only minute differences set them apart.

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minutiae

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N. /细节；细微之处/petty details. She would have liked to ignore the minutiae of daily living.

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mirage

Back 64

N. /曲解；海市蜃楼；虚影 /unreal reflection; optical illusion. The lost prospector was fooled by a mirage in the desert.

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mire

Back 65

V. /陷入（泥塘）；麻烦缠身/entangle; stick in swampy ground. Their rear wheels became mired in mud. also N.

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mirth

Back 66

N. /欢笑/merriment; laughter. Sober Malvolio found Sir Toby's mirth improper.

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misanthrope

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N. /厌恶人类的人；憎人者/one who hates mankind. In Gulliver's Travels, Swift portrays an image of humanity as vile, degraded beasts; for this reason, various critics consider him a misanthrope.

Front 68

misapprehension

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N. /错误；误解/error; misunderstanding. To avoid misapprehension, I am going to ask all of you to repeat the instructions I have given.

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miscellany

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N. /杂记/mixture of writings on various subjects. This is an interesting miscellany of nineteenth-century prose and poetry.

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mischance

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N. /霉运；不幸/ill luck. By mischance, he lost his week's salary.

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misconception

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N. /误解/mistaken idea. "Sir, you are suffering from a misconception. I do not wish to marry you in the least!"

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misconstrue

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V. /曲解/interpret incorrectly; misjudge. She took the passage seriously rather than humorously because she misconstrued the author's ironic tone.

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misdemeanor

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N. /轻罪/minor crime. The culprit pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor rather than face trial for a felony.

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miserly

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ADJ. /吝啬的；贪婪的；坏的/stingy; mean. Transformed by his vision on Christmas Eve, mean old Scrooge ceased being miserly and became a generous, kind old man.

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misgivings

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N. /担忧，疑虑/doubts. Hamlet described his misgivings to Horatio but decided to fence with Laertes despite his fore¬boding of evil.

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mishap

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N. /意外，灾难/accident. With a little care you could have avoided this mishap.

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misnomer

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N. /错误的名字；写错名字；用词不当/wrong name; incorrect designation. His tyrannical conduct proved to all that his nickname, King Eric the Just, was a misnomer.

Front 78

misrepresent

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V. /误传；有意制造误解/give a false or incorrect impression, often deliberately; serve unsatisfactorily as a representative. In his job application, Milton misrepresented his academic background; he was fired when his employers discovered the truth. The reformers accused Senator Gunbucks of mis¬representing his constituents and claimed he took bribes from the NRA.

Front 79

missile

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N. /投掷物/object to be thrown or projected. After carefully folding his book report into a paper airplane, Beavis threw the missile across the classroom at Butthead. Rocket scien-tists are building guided missiles; Beavis and Butthead can barely make unguided ones.

Front 80

missive

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N. /信件/letter. The ambassador received a missive from the secretary of state.

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mite

Back 81

N. /小东西；小硬币/very small object or creature; small coin. Gnats are annoying mites that sting.

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mitigate

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V. /减轻；减缓；中和/appease; moderate. Nothing Jason did could mitigate Medea's anger; she refused to forgive him for betraying her.

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mnemonic

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ADJ. /记忆的/pertaining to memory. He used mnemonic tricks to master new words.

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mobile

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ADJ. /移动的/movable; not fixed. The mobile blood bank operated by the Red Cross visited our neighborhood today. mobility, N.

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mock

Back 85

V. /嘲弄，嘲笑/ridicule; imitate, often in derision. It is unkind to mock anyone; it is stupid to mock anyone significantly big¬ger than you. mockery, N.

Front 86

mode

Back 86

N. /时尚；方式；模式/prevailing style; manner; way of doing some¬thing. The rock star had to have her hair done in the latest mode: frizzed, with occasional moussed spikes for variety. Henry plans to adopt a simpler mode of life: he is going to become a mushroom hunter and live off the land.

Front 87

modicum

Back 87

N. /少量/limited quantity. Although his story is based on a modicum of truth, most of the events he describes are fictitious.

Front 88

modulate

Back 88

V. /控制；调制到标准；调制（信号）/tone down in intensity; regulate; change from one key to another. Always singing at the top of her lungs, the budding Brunhilde never learned to modulate her voice.

Front 89

molecule

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N. /分子/the smallest particle (one or more atoms) of a substance, having all the properties of that substance. In chemistry, we study how atoms and molecules react to form new substances.

Front 90

mollify

Back 90

V. /平息；安抚/soothe. The airline customer service representa¬tive tried to mollify the angry passenger by offering her a seat in first class.

Front 91

molt

Back 91

V. /换毛；褪毛/shed or cast off hair or feathers. When Molly's canary molted, he shed feathers all over the house.

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molten

Back 92

ADJ. /融化了的/melted. The city of Pompeii was destroyed by volcanic ash rather than by molten lava flowing from Mount Vesuvius.

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momentous

Back 93

ADJ. /非常重要的/very important. When Marie and Pierre Curie discovered radium, they had no idea of the momen¬tous impact their discovery would have upon society.

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momentum

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N. /动量；动力/quantity of motion of a moving body; impetus. The car lost momentum as it tried to ascend the steep hill.

Front 95

monarchy

Back 95

N. /君主制；君主整体/government under a single ruler. Though England today is a monarchy, there is some question whether it will be one in twenty years, given the present dis¬content at the prospect of Prince Charles as king.

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monastic

Back 96

ADJ. /僧侣的；遁入空门的，不问世事/related to monks or monasteries; removed from worldly concerns. Withdrawing from the world, Thomas Merton joined a contemplative religious order and adopted the monastic life.

Front 97

monetary

Back 97

ADJ. /金融的/pertaining to money. Jane held the family purse strings: she made all monetary decisions affecting the household.

Front 98

monochromatic

Back 98

ADJ. /单色的/having only one color. Most people who are color blind actually can distinguish several colors; some, however, have a truly monochromatic view of a world all in shades of gray.

Front 99

monolithic

Back 99

ADJ. /单片的，单块的；一体不动摇的/solidly uniform; unyielding. Knowing the importance of appearing resolute, the patriots sought to present a monolithic front.

Front 100

monosyllabic

Back 100

ADJ. /单音节的/having only one syllable. No matter what he was asked, the taciturn New Englander answered with a monosyllabic "Yep" or "Nope." monosyllable, N.

Front 101

monotony

Back 101

N. /千篇一律的/sameness leading to boredom. What could be more deadly dull than the monotony of punching num¬bers into a computer hour after hour?

Front 102

montage

Back 102

N. /蒙太奇/photographic composition combining ele¬ments from different sources. In one early montage, Beauchamp brought together pictures of broken man¬nequins and newspaper clippings about the Vietnam War.

Front 103

monumental

Back 103

ADJ. /雄伟的；厚重的；结实的；纪念的/massive. Writing a dictionary is a monu¬mental task.

Front 104

moodiness

Back 104

N. /闷闷不乐/fits of depression or gloom. Her recurrent moodiness left her feeling as if she had fallen into a black hole.

Front 105

moratorium

Back 105

N. /延期偿还/legal delay of payment. If we declare a moratorium and delay collection of debts for six months, I am sure the farmers will be able to meet their bills.

Front 106

morbid

Back 106

ADJ. /病态的，恐怖的；喜怒无常的；不成熟的/given to unwholesome thought; moody; char¬acteristic of disease. People who come to disaster sites just to peer at the grisly wreckage are indulging their morbid curiosity.

Front 107

mores

Back 107

N. /风俗习惯/conventions; moral standards; customs. In America, Benazir Bhutto dressed as Western women did; in Pakistan, however, she followed the mores of her people, dressing in traditional veil and robes.

Front 108

moribund

Back 108

ADJ. /垂死的/dying. Hearst took a moribund, failing weekly newspaper and transformed it into one of the liveli¬est, most profitable daily papers around.

Front 109

morose

Back 109

ADJ. /郁闷的；乖僻的/ill-humored; sullen; melancholy. Forced to take early retirement, Bill acted morose for months; then, all of a sudden, he shook off his sullen mood and was his usual cheerful self.

Front 110

mortician

Back 110

N. /殡仪业者/undertaker. The mortician prepared the corpse for burial.

Front 111

mortify

Back 111

V. /侮辱；体罚/humiliate; punish the flesh. She was so mortified by her blunder that she ran to her room in tears.

Front 112

mosaic

Back 112

N. /马赛克/picture made of colorful small inlaid tiles. The mayor compared the city to a beautiful mosaic made up of people of every race and religion on earth.

Front 113

mote

Back 113

N. /小半点/small speck. The tiniest mote in the eye is very painful.

Front 114

motif

Back 114

N. /主旨，本意；动机/theme. This simple motif runs throughout the entire score.

Front 115

motley

Back 115

ADJ. /多彩的，杂色的；混合的/multi-colored; mixed. The jester wore a motley tunic, red and green and blue and gold all patched together haphazardly. Captain Ahab had gathered a motley crew to sail the vessel: old sea dogs and runaway boys, pil¬lars of the church and drunkards, even a tattooed islander who terrified the rest of the crew.

Front 116

mottled

Back 116

ADJ. /有斑点的；弄脏的/blotched in coloring; spotted. When old Fal¬staff blushed, his face was mottled with embarrassment, all pink and purple and red.

Front 117

muddle

Back 117

V. /迷惑的；搞乱了的，混淆了的/confuse; mix up. His thoughts were muddled and chaotic. also N.

Front 118

muggy

Back 118

ADJ. /又热又潮的（天气）/warm and damp. August in New York City is often muggy.

Front 119

multifaceted

Back 119

ADJ. /多面的/having many aspects. A multifaceted composer, Roger Davidson has recorded original pieces that range from ragtime tangos to choral masses.

Front 120

multifarious

Back 120

ADJ. /多样的；各式各样的/varied; greatly diversified. A career woman and mother, she was constantly busy with the multi¬farious activities of her daily life.

Front 121

multiform

Back 121

ADJ. /多态的/having many forms. Snowflakes are multi¬form but always hexagonal.

Front 122

multilingual

Back 122

ADJ. /多语种的/having many languages. Because they are bordered by so many countries, the Swiss people are multilingual.

Front 123

multiplicity

Back 123

N. /多样性/state of being numerous. He was appalled by the multiplicity of details he had to complete before set¬ting out on his mission.

Front 124

mundane

Back 124

ADJ. /世俗的；日常的/worldly as opposed to spiritual; everyday. Uninterested in philosophical or spiritual discussions, Tom talked only of mundane matters such as the daily weather forecast or the latest basketball results.

Front 125

munificent

Back 125

ADJ. /宽宏大量的；慷慨大方的/very generous. Shamelessly fawning over a particularly generous donor, the dean kept on referring to her as "our munificent benefactor." munificence, N.

Front 126

mural

Back 126

N. /壁画/wall painting. The walls of the Chicano Commu¬nity Center are covered with murals painted in the style of Diego Rivera, the great Mexican artist.

Front 127

murky

Back 127

ADJ. /暗的，模糊的，暧昧的/dark and gloomy; thick with fog; vague. The murky depths of the swamp were so dark that one couldn't tell the vines and branches from the snakes.

Front 128

muse

Back 128

V. /沉思/ponder. For a moment he mused about the beauty of the scene, but his thoughts soon changed as he recalled his own personal problems. also N.

Front 129

mushroom

Back 129

V. /膨胀，迅速生长/expand or grow rapidly. Between 1990 and 1999, the population of Silicon Valley mushroomed; with the rapidly increasing demand for housing, home prices sky¬rocketed as well.

Front 130

musky

Back 130

ADJ. /麝香味儿的/having the odor of musk. She left a trace of musky perfume behind her.

Front 131

muster

Back 131

V. /收集；集合/gather; assemble. Washington mustered his forces at Trenton. also N.

Front 132

musty

Back 132

ADJ. /陈腐的，变质的；时间长损失品质的/stale; spoiled by age. The attic was dark and musty.

Front 133

mutability

Back 133

N. /变化能力/ability to change in form; fickleness. Going from rags to riches, and then back to rags again, the bank¬rupt financier was a victim of the mutability of fortune.

Front 134

muted

Back 134

ADJ. /静默的；静音的/silent; muffled; toned down. Thanks to the thick, sound-absorbing walls of the cathedral, only muted traffic noise reached the worshippers within.

Front 135

mutinous

Back 135

ADJ. /反抗的；暴动的/unruly; rebellious. The captain had to use force to quiet his mutinous crew. mutiny, N.

Front 136

myopic

Back 136

ADJ. /鼠目寸光；缺乏远见/nearsighted; lacking foresight. Stumbling into doors despite the coke bottle lenses on his glasses, the nearsighted Mr. Magoo is markedly myopic. In playing all summer long and ignoring to store up food for winter, the grasshopper in Aesop's fable was myopic as well.

Front 137

myriad

Back 137

N. /无数，非常多/very large number. Myriads of mosquitoes from the swamps invaded our village every twilight. alsoADJ.

Front 138

mystify

Back 138

V. /迷惑，蛊惑/bewilder purposely. When doctors speak in medical jargon, they often mystify their patients, who have little knowledge of medical terminology.

Front 139

nadir

Back 139

N. /谷底，最低点；天底/lowest point. Although few people realized it, the Dow-Jones averages had reached their nadir and would soon begin an upward surge.

Front 140

naiveté

Back 140

N. /天真烂漫的，简单的/quality of being unsophisticated; simplicity; art¬lessness; gullibility. Touched by the naivetd of sweet, con¬vent-trained Cosette, Marius pledges himself to protect her innocence. naive,ADJ.

Front 141

narcissist

Back 141

N. /自我陶醉的人；逞能的人/conceited person; someone in love with his own image. A narcissist is her own best friend.

Front 142

narrative

Back 142

ADJ. /解说的/related to telling a story. A born teller of tales, Tillie Olsen used her impressive narrative skills to advantage in her story "I Stand Here Ironing." narrate,V.

Front 143

nascent

Back 143

ADJ. /初生的/incipient; coming into being. If we could identify these revolutionary movements in their nascent state, we would be able to eliminate serious trouble in later years.

Front 144

natty

Back 144

ADJ. /穿着整齐干净的/neatly or smartly dressed. Priding himself on being a natty dresser, the gangster Bugsy Siegel collected a wardrobe of imported suits and ties.

Front 145

nauseate

Back 145

V. /令人作呕的/cause to become sick; fill with disgust. The foul smells began to nauseate him.

Front 146

nautical

Back 146

ADJ. /航海的/pertaining to ships or navigation. The Mar¬itime Museum contains many models of clipper ships, log¬books, anchors and many other items of a nautical nature.

Front 147

navigable

Back 147

ADJ. /可以通航的/wide and deep enough to allow ships to pass through; able to be steered. So much sand had built up at the bottom of the canal that the waterway was barely navigable.

Front 148

nebulous

Back 148

ADJ. /暧昧的，混浊不清的/vague; hazy; cloudy. After twenty years, she had only a nebulous memory of her grandmother's face.

Front 149

necromancy

Back 149

N. /巫术，妖术，招魂术/black magic; dealings with the dead. The evil sorceror performed feats of necromancy, calling on the spirits of the dead to tell the future.

Front 150

nefarious

Back 150

ADJ. /十恶不赦的/very wicked. The villain's crimes, though various, were one and all nefarious.

Front 151

negate

Back 151

V. /拒绝，否定，取消/cancel out; nullify; deny. A sudden surge of adrenalin can negate the effects of fatigue: there's nothing like a good shock to wake you up.

Front 152

negligence

Back 152

N. /疏忽，没能尽力的/neglect; failure to take reasonable care. Tommy failed to put back the cover on the well after he fetched his pail of water; because of his negligence, Kitty fell in.

Front 153

negligible

Back 153

ADJ. /可忽略不计的/so small, trifling, or unimportant that it may be easily disregarded. Because the damage to his car had been negligible, Michael decided he wouldn't bother to report the matter to his insurance company.

Front 154

nemesis

Back 154

N. /复仇的人；寻衅者/someone seeking revenge. Abandoned at sea in a small boat, the vengeful Captain Bligh vowed to be the nemesis of Fletcher Christian and his fellow mutineers.

Front 155

neologism

Back 155

N. /新生词/new or newly coined word or phrase. As we invent new techniques and professions, we must also Invent neologisms such as "microcomputer" and "astronaut" to describe them.

Front 156

neophyte

Back 156

N. /新入教者；新信徒/recent convert; beginner. This mountain slope contains slides that will challenge experts as well as neophytes.

Front 157

nepotism

Back 157

N. /偏袒的人（亲戚）/favoritism (to a relative). John left his position with the company because he felt that advancement was based on nepotism rather than ability.

Front 158

nettle

Back 158

V. /烦恼；激怒；荨麻/annoy; vex. Do not let him nettle you with his sar¬castic remarks.

Front 159

neutral

Back 159

ADJ. /中型的；自然的；中庸的，公允的/impartial; not supporting one side over another. Reluctant to get mixed up in someone else's quar¬rel, Bobby tried to remain neutral, but eventually he had to take sides.

Front 160

nicety

Back 160

N. /准确，精密/precision; minute distinction. I cannot distinguish between such niceties of reasoning.

Front 161

nihilist

Back 161

N. /虚无主义者/one who believes traditional beliefs to be groundless and existence meaningless; absolute skeptic; revolutionary terrorist. In his final days, Hitler revealed him¬self a power-mad nihilist, ready to annihilate all of Western Europe, even to destroy Germany itself, in order that his will might prevail. The root of the word nihilist is nihil, Latin for nothing. nihilism, N.

Front 162

nip

Back 162

V. /夹，捏；剪断；阻止/stop something's growth or development; snip off; bite; make numb with cold. The twins were plotting mis¬chief, but Mother intervened and nipped that plan in the bud. The gardener nipped off a lovely rose and gave it to me. Last week a guard dog nipped the postman in the leg; this week the extreme chill nipped his fingers till he could barely hold the mail.

Front 163

nirvana

Back 163

N. /涅磐/in Buddhist teachings, the ideal state in which the individual loses himself in the attainment of an imper¬sonal beatitude. Despite his desire to achieve nirvana, the young Buddhist found that even the buzzing of a fly could distract him from his meditation.

Front 164

nocturnal

Back 164

ADJ. /夜的/done at night. Mr. Jones obtained a watch¬dog to prevent the nocturnal raids on his chicken coops.

Front 165

noisome

Back 165

ADJ. /有害的，有毒的；恶臭的/foul-smelling; unwholesome. The noisome atmosphere downwind of the oil refinery not only stank, it damaged the lungs of everyone living in the area.

Front 166

nomadic

Back 166

ADJ. /游牧的/wandering. Several nomadic tribes of Indi¬ans would hunt in this area each year.

Front 167

nomenclature

Back 167

N. /命名法；术语学/terminology; system of names. Sharon found Latin word parts useful in translating medical nomen¬clature: when her son had to have a bilateral myringotomy, she figured out that he just needed a hole in each of his eardrums to end the earaches he had.

Front 168

nominal

Back 168

ADJ. /有名无实的，名存实亡的；名义上的/in name only; trifling. He offered to drive her to the airport for only a nominal fee.

Front 169

nonchalance

Back 169

N. /冷淡/indifference; lack of concern; composure. Cool, calm, and collected under fire, James Bond shows remarkable nonchalance in the face of danger.

Front 170

noncommittal

Back 170

ADJ. /不明朗的，不表态的；中庸的，未决的/neutral; unpledged; undecided. We were annoyed by his noncommittal reply for we had been led to expect definite assurances of his approval.

Front 171

nondescript

Back 171

ADJ. /普通的/undistinctive; ordinary. The private detec¬tive was a short, nondescript fellow with no outstanding fea¬tures, the sort of person one would never notice in a crowd.

Front 172

nonentity

Back 172

N. /不存在/person of no importance; nonexistence. Because the two older princes dismissed their youngest brother as a nonentity, they did not realize that he was qui¬etly plotting to seize the throne.

Front 173

nonplus

Back 173

V. /使迷惑；使为难；混淆/bring to halt by confusion; perplex. Jack's uncharacteristic rudeness nonplussed Jill, leaving her uncertain how to react.

Front 174

nostalgia

Back 174

N. /想家；乡愁/homesickness; longing for the past. My grandfather seldom spoke of life in the old country; he had little patience with nostalgia. nostalgic,ADJ.

Front 175

notable

Back 175

ADJ. /显著的；值得注意的/conspicuous; important; distinguished. Nor¬mally notable for his calm in the kitchen, today the head cook was shaking, for the notable chef Julia Child was com¬ing to dinner.

Front 176

notoriety

Back 176

N. /臭名昭著的/disrepute; ill fame. To the starlet, any publicity was good publicity: if she couldn't have a good reputation, she'd settle for notoriety. notorious,ADJ.

Front 177

novelty

Back 177

N. /新奇/something new; newness. The computer is no longer a novelty at work; every desk in our office has one. novel,ADJ.

Front 178

novice

Back 178

N. /新手/beginner. Even a novice at working with comput¬ers can install Barron's Computer Study Program for the SAT by following the easy steps outlined in the user's manual.

Front 179

noxious

Back 179

ADJ. /有害的/harmful. We must trace the source of these noxious gases before they asphyxiate us.

Front 180

nuance

Back 180

N. /细微差别/shade of difference in meaning or color; subtle distinction. Jody gazed at the Monet landscape for an hour, appreciating every subtle nuance of color in the painting.

Front 181

nullify

Back 181

V. /使无效/to make invalid. Once the contract was nullified, it no longer had any legal force.

Front 182

numismatist

Back 182

N. /硬币收藏家/person who collects coins. The numisma¬tist had a splendid collection of antique coins.

Front 183

nuptial

Back 183

ADJ. /婚姻的/related to marriage. Reluctant to be married in a traditional setting, they decided to hold their nuptial cere¬mony at the carousel in Golden Gate Park.

Front 184

nurture

Back 184

V. /养育；教育/nourish; educate; foster. The Head Start pro¬gram attempts to nurture pre-kindergarten children so that they will do well when they enter public school. also N.

Front 185

nutrient

Back 185

N. /营养品/nourishing substance. As a budding nutrition¬ist, Kim has learned to design diets that contain foods rich in important basic nutrients.

Front 186

oaf

Back 186

N. /愚蠢的人/stupid, awkward person. "Watch what you're doing, you clumsy oaf!" Bill shouted at the waiter who had drenched him with iced coffee.

Front 187

obdurate

Back 187

ADJ. /执拗的；顽固的/stubborn. He was obdurate in his refusal to listen to our complaints.

Front 188

obese

Back 188

ADJ. /肥胖的/fat. It is advisable that obese people try to lose weight.

Front 189

obfuscate

Back 189

V. /迷惑，困惑；增加不必要的复杂性/confuse; muddle; cause confusion; make needlessly complex. Was the president's spokesman trying to clarify the Whitewater mystery, or was he trying to obfus¬cate the issue so the voters would never figure out what went on?

Front 190

obituary

Back 190

ADJ. /讣告/death notice. I first learned of her death when I read the obituary column in the newspaper. also N.

Front 191

objective

Back 191

ADJ. /不为情所动的；公平的/not influenced by emotions; fair. Even though he was her son, she tried to be objective about his behavior.

Front 192

objective

Back 192

N. /目标/goal; aim. A degree in medicine was her ulti¬mate objective.

Front 193

obligatory

Back 193

ADJ. /必须的/binding; required. It is obligatory that books borrowed from the library be returned within two weeks.

Front 194

oblique

Back 194

ADJ. /间接的；倾斜的；无诚意的/indirect; slanting (deviating from the perpen¬dicular or from a straight line). Casting a quick, oblique glance at the reviewing stand, the sergeant ordered the company to march "Oblique Right."

Front 195

obliterate

Back 195

V. /彻底摧毁/destroy completely. The tidal wave obliterated several island villages,

Front 196

oblivion

Back 196

N. /遗忘；赦免/obscurity; forgetfulness. After a decade of pop¬ularity, Hurston's works had fallen into oblivion; no one bothered to read them any more.

Front 197

oblivious

Back 197

ADJ. /遗忘的；出神的/inattentive or unmindful; wholly absorbed. Deep in her book, Nancy was oblivious to the noisy squab¬bles of her brother and his friends.

Front 198

obnoxious

Back 198

ADJ. /讨厌的；冒犯的/offensive. I find your behavior obnoxious; please mend your ways.

Front 199

obscure

Back 199

ADJ. /模糊的，不明了的，暗淡的/dark; vague; unclear. Even after I read the poem a fourth time, its meaning was still obscure. obscu¬rity, N.

Front 200

obscure

Back 200

V. /使模糊；使暗淡/darken; make unclear. At times he seemed purposely to obscure his meaning, preferring mystery to clarity.

Front 201

obsequious

Back 201

ADJ. /谄媚的；拍马屁的；奴性的/slavishly attentive; servile; sycophantic. Helen liked to be served by people who behaved as if they respected themselves; nothing irritated her more than an excessively obsequious waiter or a fawning salesclerk.

Front 202

obsessive

Back 202

ADJ. /强迫性的，入迷的；出神的/related to thinking about something con¬stantly; preoccupying. Ballet, which had been a hobby, began to dominate his life: his love of dancing became obsessive. obsession, N.

Front 203

obsolete

Back 203

ADJ. /过时的；无用的/no longer useful; outmoded; antiquated. The invention of the pocket calculator made the slide rule used by generations of engineers obsolete.

Front 204

obstetrician

Back 204

N. /妇产科医师/physician specializing in delivery of babies. In modern times, the delivery of children has passed from the midwife to the more scientifically trained obstetrician,

Front 205

obstinate

Back 205

ADJ. /坚定的，倔强的/stubborn; hard to control or treat. We tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but he was obstinate and refused to change. Blackberry stickers are the most obstinate weeds I know: once established in a yard, they're extremely hard to root out. obstinacy, N.

Front 206

obstreperous

Back 206

ADJ. /喧闹的，喧嚣的；任性的/boisterous; noisy. What do you do when an obstreperous horde of drunken policemen goes carous¬ing through your hotel, crashing into potted plants and singing vulgar songs?

Front 207

obtrude

Back 207

V. /插手，强入，冲出/push (oneself or one's ideas) forward or intrude; butt in; stick out or extrude. Because Fanny was reluctant to obtrude her opinions about child-raising upon her daughter-in-law, she kept a close watch on her tongue. obtrusive,ADJ.

Front 208

obtuse

Back 208

ADJ. /钝的，迟钝的；愚蠢的/blunt; stupid. What can you do with somebody who's so obtuse that he can't even tell that you're insulting him?

Front 209

obviate

Back 209

V. /消除；排除；避免/make unnecessary; get rid of. I hope this contri¬bution will obviate any need for further collections of funds.

Front 210

odious

Back 210

ADJ. /可恨的；可耻的/hateful; vile. Cinderella's ugly stepsisters had the odious habit of popping their zits in public.

Front 211

odium

Back 211

N. /讨厌；憎恶/detestation; hatefulness; disrepute. Prince Charming could not express the odium he felt toward Cin¬derella's stepsisters because of their mistreatment of poor Cinderella.

Front 212

odorous

Back 212

ADJ. /有气味的/having an odor. This variety of hybrid tea rose is more odorous than the one you have in your garden.

Front 213

odyssey

Back 213

N. /长期的冒险旅行/long, eventful journey. The refugee's journey from Cambodia was a terrifying odyssey.

Front 214

offensive

Back 214

ADJ. /攻击的；冒犯的/attacking; insulting; distasteful. Getting into street brawls is no minor matter for professional boxers, who are required by law to restrict their offensive impulses to the ring.

Front 215

offhand

Back 215

ADJ. /即时的；随意的/casual; done without prior thought. Expecting to be treated with due propriety by her hosts, Great-Aunt Maud was offended by their offhand manner.

Front 216

officious

Back 216

ADJ. /多管闲事的/meddlesome; excessively pushy in offering one's services. Judy wanted to look over the new computer models on her own, but the officious salesman kept on butting in with "helpful" advice until she was ready to walk out of the store.

Front 217

ogle

Back 217

V. /抛媚眼；送秋波/look at amorously; make eyes at. At the coffee house, Walter was too shy to ogle the pretty girls openly; instead, he peeked out at them from behind a rubber plant.

Front 218

olfactory

Back 218

ADJ. /嗅觉的/concerning the sense of smell. A wine taster must have a discriminating palate and a keen olfactory sense, for a good wine appeals both to the taste buds and to the nose.

Front 219

oligarchy

Back 219

N. /寡头政治/government by a privileged few. One small clique ran the student council: what had been intended as a democratic governing body had turned into an oligarchy.

Front 220

ominous

Back 220

ADJ. /有威胁的；恶兆的/threatening. Those clouds are ominous; they suggest a severe storm is on the way.

Front 221

omnipotent

Back 221

ADJ. /无所不能的；全能的/all-powerful. The monarch regarded him¬self as omnipotent and responsible to no one for his acts.

Front 222

omnipresent

Back 222

ADJ. /无所不在的/universally present; ubiquitous. On Christmas Eve, Santa Claus is omnipresent.

Front 223

omniscient

Back 223

ADJ. /无所不知的/all-knowing. I do not pretend to be omni¬scient, but I am positive about this fact.

Front 224

omnivorous

Back 224

ADJ. /无所不吃的；杂食的/eating both plant and animal food; devouring everything. Some animals, including man, are omnivorous and eat both meat and vegetables; others are either carnivorous or herbivorous.

Front 225

onerous

Back 225

ADJ. /范忠德/burdensome. He asked for an assistant because his work load was too onerous.

Front 226

onset

Back 226

N. /开始，发作，肇端；攻击/beginning; attack. Caught unprepared by the sudden onset of the storm, we rushed around the house closing windows and bringing the garden furniture into shelter. Caught unprepared by the enemy onset, the troops scrambled to take shelter.

Front 227

onus

Back 227

N. /负担；责任/burden; responsibility. The emperor was spared the onus of signing the surrender papers; instead, he rele¬gated the assignment to his generals.

Front 228

opalescent

Back 228

ADJ. /乳白的/iridescent; lustrous. The oil slick on the water had an opalescent, rainbow-like sheen.

Front 229

opaque

Back 229

ADJ. /暗的；不透明的/dark; not transparent. The opaque window shade kept the sunlight out of the room. opacity, N.

Front 230

opiate

Back 230

N. /鸦片剂；安眠的，止痛的/medicine to induce sleep or deaden pain; some¬thing that relieves emotions or causes inaction. To say that religion is the opiate of the people is to condemn religion as a drug that keeps the people quiet and submissive to those in power.

Front 231

opportune

Back 231

ADJ. /世纪恰巧的；刚好的/timely; well-chosen. Sally. looked at her father struggling to balance his checkbook; clearly this would not be an opportune moment to ask him for a raise in her allowance.

Front 232

opportunist

Back 232

N. /机会主义者/individual who sacrifices principles for expediency by taking advantage of circumstances. Joe is such an opportunist that he tripled the price of bottled water at his store as soon as the earthquake struck. Because it can break water pipes, an earthquake is, to most people, a disaster; to Joe, it was an opportunity.

Front 233

optician

Back 233

N. /眼镜商/maker and seller of eyeglasses. The patient took the prescription given him by his oculist} o the optician.

Front 234

optimist

Back 234

N. /乐观者/person who looks on the good side. The pes¬simist says the glass is half-empty; the optimist says it is half-full.

Front 235

optimum

Back 235

ADJ. /最优的/most favorable. If you wait for the optimum moment to act, you may never begin your project. also N.

Front 236

optional

Back 236

ADJ. /可选的/not obligatory; left to one's choice. Most col¬leges require applicants to submit SAT I scores; at some colleges, however, submitting SAT I scores is optional.

Front 237

opulence

Back 237

N. /奢华；巨富；富裕，富足/extreme wealth; luxuriousness; abundance. The glitter and opulence of the ballroom took Cinderella's breath away. opulent,ADJ.

Front 238

opus

Back 238

N. /作品/work. Although many critics hailed his Fifth Sym¬phony as his major work, he did not regard it as his major opus.

Front 239

oracular

Back 239

ADJ. /神一样的；谜一样的；超自然的，无法理解的/prophetic; uttered as if with divine authority; mysterious or ambiguous. Like many others who sought divine guidance from the oracle at Delphi, Oedipus could not understand the enigmatic oracularwarning he received.

Front 240

orator

Back 240

N. /演讲者/public speaker. The abolitionist Frederick Dou¬glass was a brilliant orator whose speeches brought home to his audience the evils of slavery.

Front 241

ordain

Back 241

V. /指定；规定；任命；命令/decree or command; grant holy orders; predes¬tine. The king ordained that no foreigner should be allowed to enter the city. The Bishop of Michigan ordained David a deacon in the Episcopal Church. The young lovers felt that fate had ordained their meeting.

Front 242

ordeal

Back 242

N. /严酷的考验；折磨/severe trial or affliction. June was so painfully shy that it was an ordeal for her to speak up when the teacher called on her in class.

Front 243

ordinance

Back 243

N. /法令；政令/decree. Passing a red light is a violation of a city ordinance.

Front 244

ordination

Back 244

N. /圣职授任；委任/ceremony making someone a minister. At the young priest's ordination, the members of the congregation presented him with a set of vestments. ordain,V.

Front 245

orgy

Back 245

N. /放荡，旷野；纵酒狂欢/wild, drunken revelry; unrestrained indulgence in a tendency. The Roman emperor's orgies were far wilder than the toga party in the movie Animal House. When her income tax refund check finally arrived, Sally indulged in an orgy of shopping.

Front 246

orient

Back 246

V. /确定方向；校准/get one's bearings; adjust. Philip spent his first day in Denver orienting himself to the city.

Front 247

orientation

Back 247

N. /定位（在社会上）/act of finding oneself in society. Freshman ori¬entation provides the incoming students with an opportunity to learn about their new environment and their place in it.

Front 248

ornate

Back 248

ADJ. /华丽的；过分装饰的/excessively or elaborately decorated. With its elaborately carved, convoluted lines, furniture of the Baroque period was highly ornate.

Front 249

ornithologist

Back 249

N. /鸟类学家/scientific student of birds. Audubon's drawings of American bird life have been of interest not only to the ornithologists but also to the general public.

Front 250

ornithology

Back 250

N. /鸟类学/study of birds. Audubon's studies of Ameri¬can birds greatly influenced the course of ornithology.

Front 251

orthodox

Back 251

ADJ. /传统的；保守的/traditional; conservative in belief. Faced with a problem, he preferred to take an orthodox approach rather than shock anyone. orthodoxy, N.

Front 252

oscillate

Back 252

V. /振荡/vibrate pendulumlike; waver. It is interesting to note how public opinion oscillates between the extremes of optimism and pessimism.

Front 253

ossify

Back 253

V. /硬化；骨化；化石化/change or harden into bone. When he called his opponent a "bonehead," he implied that his adversary's brain had ossified to the point that he was incapable of clear thinking.

Front 254

ostensible

Back 254

ADJ. /显然的；虚假的/apparent; professed; pretended. Although the ostensible purpose of this expedition is to discover new lands, we are really interested in finding new markets for our products.

Front 255

ostentatious

Back 255

ADJ. /卖弄的；企图惹人注意的；哗众取宠的/showy; pretentious; trying to attract attention. Donald Trump's latest casino in Atlantic City is the most ostentatious gambling palace in the East: it easily out¬glitters its competitors. ostentation, N.

Front 256

ostracize

Back 256

V. /放逐/exclude from public favor; ban. As soon as the newspapers carried the story of his connection with the criminals, his friends began to ostracize him. ostracism, N.

Front 257

oust

Back 257

V. /剥夺；驱逐/expel; drive out. The world wondered if Aquino would be able to oust Marcos from office. ouster, N.

Front 258

outlandish

Back 258

ADJ. /奇异的；偏僻的；前卫的/bizarre; peculiar; unconventional. The eccentric professor who engages in markedly outlandish behavior is a stock figure in novels with an academic setting.

Front 259

outmoded

Back 259

ADJ. /过时的/longer stylish; old-fashioned. Uncon¬cerned about keeping in style, Lenore was perfectly happy to wear outmoded clothes as long as they were clean and unfrayed.

Front 260

outskirts

Back 260

N. /边界；郊区；外围/fringes; outer borders. We lived, not in central London, but in one of those peripheral suburbs that spring up on the outskirts of a great city.

Front 261

outspoken

Back 261

ADJ. /坦率直言的/candid; blunt. The candidate was too out¬spoken to be a successful politician; he had not yet learned to weigh his words carefully.

Front 262

outstrip

Back 262

V. /超过/surpass; outdo. Jesse Owens easily out¬stripped his white competitors to win the gold medal at the Olympic Games.

Front 263

outwit

Back 263

V. /欺骗；瞒骗/outsmart; trick. By disguising himself as an old woman, Holmes was able to outwit his pursuers and escape capture.

Front 264

ovation

Back 264

N. /热情洋溢的喝彩/enthusiastic applause. When the popular tenor Placido Domingo came on stage in the first act of La Boheme, he was greeted by a tremendous ovation.

Front 265

overbearing

Back 265

ADJ. /傲慢专横的/bossy and arrogant; decisively impor¬tant. Certain of her own importance, and of the unimpor¬tance of everyone else, Lady Bracknell was intolerably overbearing in her manner. "In choosing a husband," she said, "good birth is of overbearing importance; compared to that, neither wealth nor talent signifies."

Front 266

overt

Back 266

ADJ. /明显的；公然的/open to view. According to the United States Constitution, a person must commit an overt act before he may be tried for treason.

Front 267

overwrought

Back 267

ADJ. /歇斯底里的/extremely agitated; hysterical. When Kate heard the news of the sudden tragedy, she became too overwrought to work and had to leave the office early.

Front 268

pachyderm

Back 268

N. /皮厚的动物（如大象）/thick-skinned animal. The elephant is prob¬ably the best-known pachyderm.

Front 269

pacifist

Back 269

N. /和平主义者/one opposed to force; antimilitarist. Shooting his way through the jungle, Rambo was clearly not a pacifist.

Front 270

pacify

Back 270

V. /安抚；平静/soothe; make calm or quiet; subdue. Dentists criticize the practice of giving fussy children sweets to pacify them.

Front 271

pact

Back 271

N. /和约；条约/agreement; treaty. Tweedledum and Tweedledee made a pact not to quarrel anymore.

Front 272

paean

Back 272

N. /欢乐歌；赞美歌/song of praise or joy. Paeans celebrating the victory filled the air.

Front 273

painstaking

Back 273

ADJ. /辛勤的/showing hard work; taking-Dreat care. The new high-frequency word list is the result of painstaking efforts on the part of our research staff.

Front 274

palatable

Back 274

ADJ. /可接受的；美味的/agreeable; pleasing to the taste. Neither Jack's underbaked opinions nor his overcooked casseroles were palatable to Jill.

Front 275

paleontology

Back 275

N. /古生物学/study of prehistoric life. The paleontology instructor had a superb collection of fossils.

Front 276

palette

Back 276

N. /调色板/board on which painter mixes pigments. At the present time, art supply stores are selling a paper palette that may be discarded after use.

Front 277

pall

Back 277

V. /厌烦，腻味/grow tiresome. The study of word lists can eventu¬ally pall and put one to sleep.

Front 278

palliate

Back 278

V. /减轻/lessen the violence of (a disease); alleviate; moderate intensity; gloss over with excuses. Not content merely to palliate the patient's sores and cankers, the researcher sought a means of wiping out the disease. pal¬liative,ADJ.

Front 279

pallid

Back 279

ADJ. /苍白的，惨淡的/pale; wan. Because his job required that he work at night and sleep during the day, he had an excep¬tionally pallid complexion.

Front 280

palpable

Back 280

ADJ. /易于领会的；明显的/tangible; easily perceptible; unmistakable. The patient's enlarged spleen was palpable: even the first year medical student could feel it.

Front 281

palpitate

Back 281

V. /拍动；跳动；搏动/throb; flutter. As he became excited, his heart began to palpitate more and more erratically.

Front 282

paltry

Back 282

ADJ. /不显著的；微小的/insignificant; petty; trifling. One hundred dollars for a genuine imitation Rolex watch! Lady, this is a paltry sum to pay for such a high-class piece of jewelry.

Front 283

pan

Back 283

V. /剧烈批评；猛烈抨击/criticize harshly. Hoping for a rave review of his new show, the playwright was miserable when the critics panned it unanimously.

Front 284

panacea

Back 284

N. /包治百病的药，灵丹妙药/cure-all; remedy for all diseases. The rich youth cynically declared that the panacea for all speeding tickets was a big enough bribe.

Front 285

panache

Back 285

N. /华丽/flair; flamboyance. Many performers imitate Noel Coward, but few have his panache and sense of style.

Front 286

pandemic

Back 286

ADJ. /广泛传播的，流行的/widespread; affecting the majority of peo¬ple. They feared the AIDS epidemic would soon reach pan¬demic proportions.

Front 287

pandemonium

Back 287

N. /喧嚣；混乱/wild tumult. When the ships collided in the harbor, pandemonium broke out among the passengers.

Front 288

pander

Back 288

V. /低级趣味的；拉皮条/cater to the low desires of others. The reviewer accused the makers of Lethal Weapon of pandering to the masses' taste for violence.

Front 289

panegyric

Back 289

N. /推崇之至/formal praise. Blushing at all the praise heaped upon him by the speakers, the modest hero said, °I don't deserve such panegyrics."

Front 290

panoramic

Back 290

ADJ. /全景的/related to an unobstructed and compre¬hensive view. On a clear day, from the top of the World Trade Center you can get a panoramic view of New York City and parts of New Jersey and Long Island. panorama, N.

Front 291

pantomime

Back 291

N. /演哑剧/acting without dialogue. Because he worked in pantomime, the clown could be understood wherever he appeared. alsoV.

Front 292

papyrus

Back 292

N. /纸草；草纸（古代的）/ancient paper made from stem of papyrus plant. The ancient Egyptians were among the first to write on papyrus.

Front 293

parable

Back 293

N. /寓言/short, simple story teaching a moral. Let us apply to our own conduct the lesson that this parable teaches.

Front 294

paradigm

Back 294

N. /典范；模式/model; example; pattern. Pavlov's experiment in which he trains a dog to salivate on hearing a bell is a paradigm of the conditioned-response experiment in behavioral psychology. Barron's How to Prepare for College Entrance Examinations was a paradigm for all the SAT-prep books that followed.

Front 295

paradox

Back 295

N. /悖论；佯谬/something apparently contradictory in nature; statement that looks false but is actually correct. Richard presents a bit of a paradox, for he is a card-carrying mem¬ber of both the National Rifle Association and the relatively pacifist American Civil Liberties Union.

Front 296

paragon

Back 296

N. /模范/model of perfection. Her fellow students dis¬liked Lavinia because Miss Minchin always pointed her out as a paragon of virtue.

Front 297

parallelism

Back 297

N. /平行状态；相似的/state of being parallel; similarity. Although the twins were separated at birth and grew up in different adop¬tive families, a striking parallelism exists between their lives.

Front 298

paramount

Back 298

ADJ. /极其重要的/foremost in importance; supreme. Proper nutrition and hygiene are of paramount importance in ado¬lescent development and growth.

Front 299

paranoia

Back 299

N. /妄想狂；偏执狂/psychosis marked by delusions of grandeur or persecution. Suffering from paranoia, Don claimed every¬one was out to get him; ironically, his claim was accurate: even paranoids have enemies.

Front 300

paraphernalia

Back 300

N. /琐碎的东西；零碎的随身物品/equipment; odds and ends. His desk was cluttered with paper, pen, ink, dictionary and other paraphernalia of the writing craft.

Front 301

paraphrase

Back 301

V. /解释；批注；注释/restate a passage in one's own words while retaining thought of author. In 250 wordsaor less, para¬phrase this article. also N.

Front 302

parasite

Back 302

N. /寄生；寄生体/animal or plant living on another; toady; syco¬phant. The tapeworm is an example of the kind of parasite that may infest the human body.

Front 303

parched

Back 303

ADJ. /干旱的；干渴的/extremely dry; very thirsty. The parched desert landscape seemed hostile to life.

Front 304

pariah

Back 304

N. /贱民；被社会遗弃的人/social outcast. If everyone ostracized singer Mariah Carey, would she then be Mariah the pariah?

Front 305

parity

Back 305

N. /相等；势均力敌；奇偶/equality in status or amount; close resemblance. Unfortunately, some doubt exists whether women's salaries will ever achieve paritywith men's.

Front 306

parochial

Back 306

ADJ. /狭小的，地方的/narrow in outlook; provincial; related to parishes. Although Jane Austen sets her novels in small rural communities, her concerns are universal, not parochial,

Front 307

parody

Back 307

N. /拙劣的模仿/humorous imitation; spoof; takeoff; travesty. The show Forbidden Broadway presents parodies spoofing the year's new productions playing on Broadway.

Front 308

paroxysm

Back 308

N. /突然一阵的，突发的（痛苦，笑，愤怒）/fit or attack of pain, laughter, rage. When he heard of his son's misdeeds, he was seized by a paroxysm of rage.

Front 309

parry

Back 309

V. /躲避/ward off a blow; deflect. Unwilling to injure his opponent in such a pointless clash, Dartagnan simply tried to parry his rival's thrusts. What fun it was to watch Kather¬ine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy parry each other's verbal thrusts in their classic screwball comedies!

Front 310

parsimony

Back 310

N. /过度俭省；吝啬/stinginess; excessive frugality. Furious because her father wouldn't let her buy out the clothing store, Annie accused him of parsimony.

Front 311

partial

Back 311

ADJ. /不完善的；偏爱的/incomplete; having a liking for something. In this issue we have published only a partial list of contribu¬tors because we lack space to acknowledge everyone. I am extremely partial to chocolate eclairs.

Front 312

partiality

Back 312

N. /倾向；偏见/inclination; bias. As a judge, not only must I be unbiased, but I must also avoid any evidence of partiality when I award the prize.

Front 313

partisan

Back 313

ADJ. /一边倒的/one-sided; prejudiced; committed to a party. On certain issues of principle, she refused to take a partisan stand, but let her conscience be her guide. Rather than join¬ing forces to solve our nation's problems, the Democrats and Republicans spend their time on partisan struggles. also N.

Front 314

partition

Back 314

V. /分裂开来/divide into parts. Before their second daughter was born, Jason and Lizzie decided each child needed a room of her own, and so they partitioned a large bedroom into two small but separate rooms. also N.

Front 315

passive

Back 315

ADJ. /被动的/not active; acted upon. Mahatma Gandhi urged his followers to pursue a program of passive resis¬tance as he felt that it was more effective than violence and acts of terrorism.

Front 316

passport

Back 316

N. /护照/legal document identifying the bearer as a citi¬zen of a country and allowing him or her to travel abroad. In arranging your first trip abroad, be sure to allow yourself enough time to apply for and receive your passport you won't be allowed to travel without one.

Front 317

pastiche

Back 317

N. /摹写；模仿/imitation of another's style in musical composi¬tion or in writing. We cannot even say that her music is a: pastiche of this composer or that; it is, rather, reminiscent of many musicians.

Front 318

pastoral

Back 318

ADJ. /田园的；乡下的/rural. In these stories of pastoral life, we find an understanding of the daily tasks of country folk.

Front 319

patent

Back 319

ADJ. /显而易见的；公开查阅的/open for the public to read; obvious. It was patent to everyone that the witness spoke the truth. also N.

Front 320

pathetic

Back 320

ADJ. /可怜的，触动人心的/causing sadness, compassion, pity; touch¬ing. Everyone in the auditorium was weeping by the time he finished his pathetic tale about the orphaned boy.

Front 321

pathological

Back 321

ADJ. /病理学/related to the study of disease; diseased or markedly abnormal. Jerome's pathological fear of germs led him to wash his hands a hundred times a day. pathol¬ogy, N.

Front 322

pathos

Back 322

N. /痛苦，悲怆，哀婉/tender sorrow; pity; quality in art or literature that produces these feelings. The quiet tone of pathos that ran through the novel never degenerated into the maudlin or the overly sentimental.

Front 323

patina

Back 323

N. /铜绿；光泽；古色/green crust on old bronze works; tone slowly taken by varnished painting. Judging by the patina on this bronze statue, we can conclude that this is the work of a medieval artist.

Front 324

patriarch

Back 324

N. /长者，家长；酋长，族长/father and ruler of a family or tribe. In many primitive tribes, the leader and lawmaker was the patriarch.

Front 325

patrician

Back 325

ADJ. /贵族的/noble; aristocratic. We greatly admired her well-bred, patrician elegance. also N.

Front 326

patronize

Back 326

V. /资助；支持/support; act superior toward; be a customer of. Penniless artists hope to find some wealthy art-lover who will patronize them. If some condescending wine steward patronized me because he saw I knew nothing about fine wine, I'd refuse to patronize his restaurant.

Front 327

paucity

Back 327

N. /少量；缺乏/scarcity. They closed the restaurant because the paucity of customers made it uneconomical to operate.

Front 328

pauper

Back 328

N. /叫花子；非常可怜的人/very poor person. Though Widow Brown was living on a reduced income, she was by no means a pauper.

Front 329

peccadillo

Back 329

N. /轻罪，轻微冒犯/slight offense. When Peter Piper picked a peck of Polly Potter's pickles, did Pete commit a major crime or just a peccadillo?

Front 330

pecuniary

Back 330

ADJ. /钱的，货币的/pertaining to money. Seldom earning enough to cover their expenses, folk dance teachers work because they love dancing, not because they expect any pecuniary reward.

Front 331

pedagogy

Back 331

N. /教育学/teaching; art of education. Though Maria Montessori gained fame for her innovations in pedagogy, it took years before her teaching techniques were common practice in American schools.

Front 332

pedant

Back 332

N. /学究式人物/scholar who overemphasizes book learning or technicalities. Her insistence that the book be memorized marked the teacher as a pedant rather than a scholar.

Front 333

pedantic

Back 333

ADJ. /书生气的/showing off learning; bookish. Leavening his decisions with humorous, down-to-earth anecdotes, Judge Walker was not at all the pedantic legal scholar. pedant, pedantry, N.

Front 334

pedestrian

Back 334

ADJ. /没有想象力的，普通的/ordinary; unimaginative. Unintentionally boring, he wrote page after page of pedestrian prose.

Front 335

pediatrician

Back 335

N. /儿科专家/expert in children's diseases. The family doctor advised the parents to consult a pediatrician about their child's ailment.

Front 336

peerless

Back 336

ADJ. /不可比较的，不相衡的，无可匹敌的/having no equal; incomparable. The reign¬ing operatic tenor of his generation, to his admirers Luciano Pavarotti was peerless: no one could compare with him.

Front 337

pejorative

Back 337

ADJ. /轻蔑；蔑视的/negative in connotation; having a belittling effect. Instead of criticizing Clinton's policies, the Republi¬cans made pejorative remarks about his character.

Front 338

pellucid

Back 338

ADJ. /透明；清澈；明白的/transparent; limpid; easy to understand. After reading these stodgy philosophers, I find Bertrand Russell's pellucid style very enjoyable.

Front 339

penchant

Back 339

N. /倾向；趣味/strong inclination; liking. Dave has a penchant for taking risks: one semester he went steady with three girls, two of whom were stars on the school karate team.

Front 340

pendant

Back 340

N. /装饰品；首饰/ornament (hanging from a necklace, etc.) The¬grateful team presented the coach with a silver chain and pendant engraved with the school's motto.

Front 341

penitent

Back 341

ADJ. /悔过的/repentant. When he realized the enormity of his crime, he became remorseful and penitent, also N.

Front 342

pensive

Back 342

ADJ. /沉思默想的；忧心忡忡的/dreamily thoughtful; thoughtful with a hint of sadness; contemplative. The pensive lover gazed at the portrait of his beloved and deeply sighed.

Front 343

penury

Back 343

N. /一贫如洗；穷困潦倒/severe poverty; stinginess. When his pension fund failed, George feared he would end his days in penury. He became such a penny pincher that he turned into a closefisted, penurious miser.

Front 344

perceptive

Back 344

ADJ. /有洞察力的，警觉的；智慧的/insightful; aware; wise. Although Maud was a generally perceptive critic, she had her blind spots: she could never see flaws in the work of her friends.

Front 345

percussion

Back 345

ADJ. /打击/striking one object against another sharply. The drum is a percussion instrument. also N.

Front 346

perdition

Back 346

N. /毁灭/damnation; complete ruin. Praying for salva¬tion, young Steven Daedalus feared he was damned to eternal perdition.

Front 347

peregrination

Back 347

N. /旅程；旅行/journey. Auntie Mame was a world traveler whose peregrinations took her from Tiajuana to Timbuctoo.

Front 348

peremptory

Back 348

ADJ. /专制的；强硬的，专横的/demanding and leaving no choice. From Jack's peremptory knock on the door, Jill could tell he would not give up until she let him in.

Front 349

perennial

Back 349

N. /终年的；永久的/something that is continuing or recurrent. These plants are hardy perennials and will bloom for many years. alsoADJ.

Front 350

perfidious

Back 350

ADJ. /背信弃义的；不忠的/treacherous; disloyal. When Caesar real¬ized that Brutus had betrayed him, he reproached his per¬fidious friend. perfidy, N.

Front 351

perforate

Back 351

V. /打孔/pierce; put a hole through. Before you can open the aspirin bottle, you must first perforate the plastic safety seal that covers the cap.

Front 352

perfunctory

Back 352

ADJ. /肤浅的，不投入的；漠不关心的/superficial; not thorough; lacking interest, care, or enthusiasm. The auditor's perfunctory inspection of the books overlooked many errors. Giving the tabletop only a perfunctory swipe with her dust cloth, Betty promised her¬self she'd clean it more thoroughly tomorrow.

Front 353

perimeter

Back 353

N. /周长/outer boundary. To find the perimeter of any quadrilateral, we add the lengths of the four sides.

Front 354

peripheral

Back 354

ADJ. /外围的/marginal; outer. We lived, not in central London, but in one of those peripheral suburbs that spring up on the outskirts of a great city.

Front 355

periphery

Back 355

N. /（圆形的）边缘/edge, especially of a round surface. He sensed that there was something just beyond the periphery of his vision.

Front 356

perjury

Back 356

N. /伪誓；伪证/false testimony while under oath. Rather than lie under oath and perhaps be indicted for perjury, the witness chose to take the Fifth Amendment, refusing to answer any questions on the grounds that he might incriminate himself.

Front 357

permeable

Back 357

ADJ. /可渗透的，可学习的/penetrable; porous; allowing liquids or gas to pass through. If your jogging clothes weren't made out of permeable fabric, you'd drown in your own perspira¬tion (figuratively speaking).

Front 358

permeate

Back 358

V. /传播；流传/pass through; spread. The odor of frying onions permeated the air.

Front 359

pernicious

Back 359

ADJ. /及具毁灭性的/very destructive. Crack cocaine has had a pernicious effect on urban society: it has destroyed fami¬lies, turned children into drug dealers, and increased the spread of violent crimes.

Front 360

perpetrate

Back 360

V. /犯/commit an offense. Only an insane person could perpetrate such a horrible crime.

Front 361

perpetual

Back 361

ADJ. /永久的/everlasting. Ponce de Leon hoped to find the legendary fountain of perpetual youth.

Front 362

perpetuate

Back 362

V. /保护免于灭绝/make something last; preserve from extinc¬tion. Some critics attack The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn because they believe Twain's book perpetuates a false image of Blacks in this country.

Front 363

perquisite

Back 363

N. /津贴，补贴；奖金/any gain above stipulated salary. The perquisites attached to this job make it even more attractive than the salary indicates.

Front 364

persona

Back 364

N. /角色/public personality or facade. Offstage the comedian was a sullen, irritable grumbler, a far cry from his ever-cheerful adopted stage persona.

Front 365

personable

Back 365

ADJ. /有吸引力的/attractive. The man I am seeking to fill this position must be personable since he will be representing us before the public.

Front 366

perspicacious

Back 366

ADJ. /洞察一切的，渗透的；机敏的/having insight; penetrating; astute. The brilliant lawyer was known for his perspicacious deductions. perspicacity, N.

Front 367

pert

Back 367

ADJ. /爱管闲事的，无理的/impertinent; forward. I think your pert and impu¬dent remarks call for an apology.

Front 368

pertinacious

Back 368

ADJ. /拒不屈服；反抗/stubborn; persistent. He is bound to succeed because his pertinacious nature will not permit him to quit.

Front 369

pertinent

Back 369

ADJ. /说到点子上的；中肯的；有关的/To the point; relevant. Virginia Woolf's words on women's rights are as pertinent today as they were when she wrote them nearly a century ago.

Front 370

perturb

Back 370

V. /感到不安/disturb greatly. The thought that electricity might be leaking out of the empty light bulb sockets perturbed my aunt so much that at night she crept about the house screw¬ing fresh bulbs in the vacant spots. perturbation, N.

Front 371

peruse

Back 371

V. /细读/read with care. After the conflagration that burned down her house, Joan closely perused her home insurance policy to discover exactly what benefits her cov¬erage provided her. perusal, N.

Front 372

pervasive

Back 372

ADJ. /深入人心的；普遍的/pervading; spread throughout every part. Despite airing them for several hours, Martha could not rid her clothes of the pervasive odor of mothballs that clung to them. pervade,V.

Front 373

perverse

Back 373

ADJ. /不正当的，邪恶的，做作的 ；硬脖子的/stubbornly wrongheaded; wicked and per¬verted. When Jack was in a perverse mood, he would do the opposite of whatever Jill asked him. When Hannibal Lecter was in a perverse mood, he ate the flesh of his vic¬tims. Jack acted out of perversity. Hannibal's act proved his perversion.

Front 374

pessimism

Back 374

N. /悲观主义者/belief that life is basically bad or evil; gloominess. Considering how well you have done in the course so far, you have no real reason for such pessimism about your final grade.

Front 375

petrify

Back 375

V. /石化/turn to stone. His sudden and unexpected appearance seemed to petrify her.

Front 376

petty

Back 376

ADJ. /微小的，不重要的/trivial; unimportant; very small. She had no major complaints to make about his work, only a few petty quibbles that were almost too minor to state.

Front 377

petulant

Back 377

ADJ. /脾气坏的/touchy; peevish. If you'd had hardly any sleep for three nights and people kept phoning and waking you up, you'd sound pretty petulant, too.

Front 378

phenomena

Back 378

N. /现象/observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation. We kept careful records of the phenomena we noted in the course of these experiments.

Front 379

philanderer

Back 379

N. /调情；轻佻的人/faithless lover; flirt. Swearing he had never so much as looked at another woman, Ralph assured Alice he was no philanderer.

Front 380

philanthropist

Back 380

N. /慈善家/lover of mankind; doer of good. In his role as philanthropist and public benefactor, John D. Rocke¬feller, Sr., donated millions to charity; as an individual, how-ever, he was a tight-fisted old man.

Front 381

philistine

Back 381

N. /俗气的人，无教养的人；心胸狭窄的人/narrow-minded person, uncultured and exclu¬sively interested in material gain. We need more men of cul¬ture and enlightenment; we have too many philistines among us.

Front 382

philology

Back 382

N. /语言学/study of language. The professor of philology advocated the use of Esperanto as an international lan¬guage.

Front 383

phlegmatic

Back 383

ADJ. /冷静的；平静的；不易被激起的/calm; not easily disturbed. The nurse was a cheerful but phlegmatic person, unexcited in the face of sudden emergencies.

Front 384

phobia

Back 384

N. /恐怖/morbid fear. Her fear of flying was more than mere nervousness; it was a real phobia.

Front 385

phoenix

Back 385

N. /凤凰（象征不死和重生、涅磐）/symbol of immortality or rebirth. Like the leg¬endary phoenix rising from its ashes, the city of San Fran¬cisco rose again after its destruction during the 1906 earth¬quake.

Front 386

phylum

Back 386

N. /门；语群/major class of plants; primary branch of animal kingdom; division. In sorting out her hundreds of packets of seeds, Katya decided to file them by phylum.

Front 387

physiological

Back 387

ADJ. /生理学的/pertaining to the science of the function of living organisms. To understand this disease fully, we must examine not only its physiological aspects but also its psychological elements.

Front 388

picaresque

Back 388

ADJ. /以歹徒为题材的文学作品的/pertaining to rogues in literature. Tom Jones has been hailed as one of the best picaresque nov¬els in the English language.

Front 389

piebald

Back 389

ADJ. /花斑的；斑驳的/mottled; spotted. You should be able to iden¬tify Polka Dot in this race; it is the only piebald horse run¬ning.

Front 390

piecemeal

Back 390

ADV. /一次一个的，逐个的；渐渐的；碎的/one piece at a time; gradually. Tolstoy's War and Peace is too huge to finish in one sitting; I'll have to read it piecemeal.

Front 391

pied

Back 391

ADJ. /杂色的；斑驳的/variegated; multicolored. The Pied Piper of Hamelin got his name from the multicolored clothing he wore.

Front 392

piety

Back 392

N. /虔诚；孝行/religious devotion; godliness. The nuns in the con¬vent were noted for their piety; they spent their days in wor¬ship and prayer. Pious,ADJ.

Front 393

pigment

Back 393

N. /色素/coloring matter. Van Gogh mixed various pig¬ments with linseed oil to create his paints.

Front 394

pillage

Back 394

V. /掠夺/plunder. The enemy pillaged the quiet village and left it in ruins.

Front 395

pine

Back 395

V. /消瘦，憔悴；渴望；松树/languish, decline; long for, yearn. Though she tried to be happy living with Clara in the city, Heidi pined for the mountains and for her gruff but loving grandfather.

Front 396

pinnacle

Back 396

N. /顶尖；顶点/peak. We could see the morning sunlight illu¬minate the pinnacle while the rest of the mountain lay in shadow.

Front 397

pious

Back 397

ADJ. /尽职的；虔诚的/devout; religious. The challenge for church people today is how to be pious in the best sense, that is, to be devout without becoming hypocritical or sanctimonious. piety, N.

Front 398

piquant

Back 398

ADJ. /开胃的；辛辣的；刺激的；淘气顽皮的/pleasantly tart-tasting; stimulating. The piquant sauce added to our enjoyment of the meal. piquancy, N.

Front 399

pique

Back 399

N. /愤怒；不满/irritation; resentment. She showed her pique at her loss by refusing to appear with the other contestants at the end of the competition. alsoV.

Front 400

pique

Back 400

V. /激起，煽动；激怒/provoke or arouse; annoy. "I know something you don't know," said Lucy, trying to pique Ethel's interest.

Front 401

pitfall

Back 401

N. /缺陷/hidden danger; concealed trap. Her parents warned young Sophie against the many pitfalls that lay in wait for her in the dangerous big city.

Front 402

pithy

Back 402

ADJ. /精炼的；抓住灵魂的/concise; meaningful; substantial; meaty. While other girls might have gone on and on about how uncool Elton was, Liz summed it up in one pithy remark: "He's bogus!"

Front 403

pittance

Back 403

N. /微薄的薪水/a small allowance or wage. He could not live on the pittance he received as a pension and had to look for an additional source of revenue.

Front 404

pivotal

Back 404

ADJ. /关键的/crucial; key; vital. The new "smart weapons" technology played a pivotal role in the quick resolution of the war with Iraq.

Front 405

placate

Back 405

V. /安抚/pacify; conciliate. The store manager tried to placate the angry customer, offering to replace the dam¬aged merchandise or to give back her money right away.

Front 406

placebo

Back 406

N. /安慰剂/harmless substance prescribed as a dummy pill. In a controlled experiment, fifty volunteers were given aspirin tablets; the control group received only placebos.

Front 407

placid

Back 407

ADJ. /平静的/peaceful; calm. After his vacation in this placid section, he felt soothed and rested.

Front 408

plagiarism

Back 408

N. /剽窃/theft of another's ideas or writings passed off as original. The editor recognized the plagiarism and rebuked the culprit who had presented the manuscript as original.

Front 409

plagiarize

Back 409

V. /剽窃/steal another's ideas and pass them off as one's own. The teacher could tell that the student had pla¬giarized parts of his essay; she could recognize whole paragraphs straight from Barron's Book Notes.

Front 410

plaintive

Back 410

ADJ. /哀伤的/mournful. The dove has a plaintive and melancholy call.

Front 411

plasticity

Back 411

N. /塑性/ability to be molded. When clay dries out, it loses its plasticity and becomes less malleable.

Front 412

platitude

Back 412

N. /陈词滥调/trite remark; commonplace statement. In giving advice to his son, old Polonius expressed himself only in platitudes; every word out of his mouth was a commonplace.

Front 413

plaudit

Back 413

N. /喝彩/enthusiastically worded approval; round of applause. The theatrical company reprinted the plaudits of the critics in its advertisements. plauditory,ADJ.

Front 414

plausible

Back 414

ADJ. /似是而非的/having a show of truth but open to doubt; specious. Your mother made you stay home from school because she needed you to program the VCR? I'm sorry, you'll have to come up with a more plausible excuse than that.

Front 415

plenitude

Back 415

N. /充分，富足/abundance; completeness. Looking in the pantry, we admired the plenitude of fruits and pickles we had preserved during the summer.

Front 416

plethora

Back 416

N. /过剩；过多/excess; overabundance. She offered a plethora of excuses for her shortcomings.

Front 417

pliable

Back 417

ADJ. /圆滑的；柔韧的；易弯曲的/flexible; yielding; adaptable. In remodeling the bathroom, we have replaced all the old, rigid lead pipes with new, pliable copper tubing.

Front 418

pliant

Back 418

ADJ. /顺从的/flexible; easily influenced. Pinocchio's disposi¬tion was pliant, he was like putty in his tempters' hands.

Front 419

plight

Back 419

N. /情况，状况；困境/condition, state (especially a bad state or condi¬tion); predicament. Many people feel that the federal gov¬ernment should do more to alleviate the plight of the homeless. Loggers, unmoved by the plight of the spotted owl, plan to continue logging whether or not they ruin the owl's habitat.

Front 420

plumb

Back 420

ADJ. /垂直；铅锤；用铅锤量/checking perpendicularity; vertical. Before hanging wallpaper it is advisable to drop a plumb line from the ceiling as a guide. also

Hint 420

N. andV.

Front 421

plumage

Back 421

N. /鸟类的羽毛/feathers of a bird. Bird watchers identify differ¬ent species of bird by their characteristic songs and dis¬tinctive plumage.

Front 422

plummet

Back 422

V. /垂直落下/fall sharply. Stock prices plummeted as Wall Street reacted to the crisis in the economy.

Front 423

plutocracy

Back 423

N. /富豪统治/society ruled by the wealthy. From the way the government caters to the rich, you might think our soci¬ety is a plutocracy rather than a democracy.

Front 424

podiatrist

Back 424

N. /足病医生/doctor who treats ailments of the feet. He consulted a podiatrist about his fallen arches.

Front 425

podium

Back 425

N. /指挥台；检阅台/pedestal; raised platform. The audience applauded as the conductor made his way to the podium.

Front 426

poignancy

Back 426

N. /强烈的；感人的；尖锐的/quality of being deeply moving; keenness of emotion. Watching the tearful reunion of the long-separated mother and child, the social worker was touched by the poignancy of the scene. poignant,ADJ.

Front 427

polarize

Back 427

V. /极化；分化；两极分化/split into opposite extremes or camps. The abortion issue has polarized the country into pro-choice and anti-abortion camps. polarization, N.

Front 428

polemical

Back 428

ADJ. /辩论的，好辩的/aggressive in verbal attack; disputatious. Lexy was a master of polemical rhetoric; she should have worn a T-shirt with the slogan "Born to Debate."

Front 429

politic

Back 429

ADJ. /精明的；明智的；诡计多端的；谨慎的/expedient; prudent; well advised. Even though he was disappointed by the size of the bonus he was offered, he did not think it politic to refuse it.

Front 430

polygamist

Back 430

N. /多配偶/one who has more than one spouse at a time. He was arrested as a polygamist when his two wives filed complaints about him.

Front 431

polyglot

Back 431

ADJ. /多语言/speaking several languages. New York City is a polyglot community because of the thousands of immi¬grants who settle there.

Front 432

pomposity

Back 432

N. /夸大，华丽；浮夸；自大/self-important behavior; acting like a stuffed shirt. Although the commencement speaker had some good things to say, we had to laugh at his pomposity and general air of parading his own dignity. POMPOUS,ADJ.

Front 433

ponderous

Back 433

ADJ. /沉重的；笨重的；呆板的；冗长的/weighty; unwieldy. His humor lacked the light touch; his jokes were always ponderous.

Front 434

pontifical

Back 434

ADJ. /教皇的；主教的/pertaining to a bishop or pope; pompous or pretentious. From his earliest days at the seminary, John seemed destined for a high pontifical office. However, he sounded so pompous when he pontificated that he never was chosen pontiff after all.

Front 435

pore

Back 435

V. /沉思；考察；深思熟虑；小孔，细口/study industriously; ponder; scrutinize. Deter¬mined to become a physician, Beth spent hours poring over her anatomy text.

Front 436

porous

Back 436

ADJ. /筛子似的/full of pores; like a sieve. Dancers like to wear porous clothing because it allows the ready passage of water and air.

Front 437

portend

Back 437

V. /预示/foretell; presage. The king did not know what these omens might portend and asked his soothsayers to interpret them.

Front 438

portent

Back 438

N. /征兆/sign; omen; forewarning. He regarded the black cloud as a portent of evil.

Front 439

portly

Back 439

ADJ. /健壮的；肥胖的；魁梧的/stately; stout. The overweight gentleman was referred to as portly by the polite salesclerk.

Front 440

poseur

Back 440

N. /装模作样的人；邯郸学步/person who pretends to be sophisticated, ele¬gant, etc., to impress others. Some thought Salvador Dali was a brilliant painter; others dismissed him as a poseur.

Front 441

posterity

Back 441

N. /子孙；后裔/descendants; future generations. We hope to leave a better world to posterity.

Front 442

posthumous

Back 442

ADJ. /身后的；遗腹的（书出版于作者死后，孩子生于父亲死后）/after death (as of child born after father's death or book published after author's death). The critics ignored his works during his lifetime; it was only after the posthumous publication of his last novel that they recog¬nized his great talent.

Front 443

postulate

Back 443

N. /前提；基于的假定/essential premise; underlying assumption. The basic postulate of democracy, set forth in the Declara¬tion of Independence, is that all men are created equal.

Front 444

potable

Back 444

ADJ. /可饮用的/suitable for drinking. The recent drought in the Middle Atlantic states has emphasized the need for exten¬sive research in ways of making sea water potable. also N.

Front 445

potent

Back 445

ADJ. /有效的/powerful; persuasive; greatly influential. Look¬ing at the expiration date on the cough syrup bottle, we wondered whether the medication would still be potent. potency, N.

Front 446

potentate

Back 446

N. /当权者/monarch; sovereign. The potentate spent more time at Monte Carlo than he did at home on his throne.

Front 447

potential

Back 447

ADJ. /潜在的/expressing possibility; latent. This juvenile delinquent is a potential murderer. also N.

Front 448

potion

Back 448

N. /剂量/dose (of liquid). Tristan and Isolde drink a love potion in the first act of the opera.

Front 449

practicable

Back 449

ADJ. /可行的/feasible. The board of directors decided that the plan was practicable and agreed to undertake the project.

Front 450

practical

Back 450

ADJ. /有用的；经验的；实践证明的/based on experience; useful. He was a practical man, opposed to theory.

Front 451

practitioner

Back 451

N. /从业者/someone engaged in a profession (law, medicine). In need of a hip replacement, Carl sought a practitioner with considerable experience performing this particular surgery.

Front 452

pragmatic

Back 452

ADJ. /实际的；注重实效的/practical (as opposed to idealistic); con¬cerned with the practical worth or impact of something. This coming trip to France should provide me with a pragmatic test of the value of my conversational French class.

Front 453

pragmatist

Back 453

N. /爱管闲事的人；实用主义者/practical person. No pragmatist enjoys becoming involved in a game he can never win.

Front 454

prank

Back 454

N. /胡闹；打扮/mischievous trick. Is tipping over garbage cans on Halloween merely a childish prank, or is it vandalism?

Front 455

prate

Back 455

V. /空谈/speak foolishly; boast idly. Let us not prate about our good qualities; rather, let our virtues speak for them¬selves.

Front 456

prattle

Back 456

V. /闲聊；胡说；废话；唠叨/babble. Baby John prattled on and on about the cats and his ball and the Cookie Monster.

Front 457

preamble

Back 457

N. /导言；介绍词/introductory statement. In the Preamble to the Constitution, the purpose of the document is set forth.

Front 458

precarious

Back 458

ADJ. /不确定的；冒风险/uncertain; risky. Saying the stock would be a precarious investment, the broker advised her client against purchasing it.

Front 459

precedent

Back 459

N. /先例/something preceding in time that may be used as an authority or guide for future action. If I buy you a car for your sixteenth birthday, your brothers will want me to buy them cars when they turn sixteen, too; I can't afford to set such an expensive precedent. The law professor asked Jill to state which famous case served as a precedent for the court's decision in Brown ll.

Front 460

precept

Back 460

N. /规则/practical rule guiding conduct. "Love thy neigh¬bor as thyself" is a worthwhile precept.

Front 461

precinct

Back 461

N. /行政区/district or division of a city. Ed McBain's detec¬tive novels set in the 87th precinct provide an exciting picture of police work.

Front 462

precipice

Back 462

N. /悬崖；危险的位置/cliff; dangerous position. Suddenly Indiana Jones found himself dangling from the edge of a precipice.

Front 463

precipitate

Back 463

ADJ. /匆忙的；突然的；未成熟的；草率的/rash; premature; hasty; sudden. Though I was angry enough to resign on the spot, I had enough sense to keep myself from quitting a job in such a precipi¬tate fashion.

Front 464

precipitate

Back 464

V. /下降；下坠/throw headlong; hasten. The removal of American political support appears to have precipitated the downfall of the Marcos regime.

Front 465

precipitous

Back 465

ADJ. /陡峭的；急躁的/steep; overhasty. This hill is difficult to climb because it is so precipitous; one slip, and our descent will be precipitous as well.

Front 466

précis

Back 466

N. /大纲；摘要/concise summing up of main points. Before mak¬ing her presentation at the conference, Ellen wrote up a neat précis of the major elements she would cover.

Front 467

precise

Back 467

ADJ. /精确的/exact. If you don't give me precise directions and a map, I'll never find your place.

Front 468

preclude

Back 468

V. /消灭；杜绝/make impossible; eliminate. The fact that the band was already booked to play in Hollywood on New Year's Eve precluded their accepting the New Year's Eve gig in London they were offered.

Front 469

precocious

Back 469

ADJ. /早熟的/advanced in development. Listening to the grown-up way the child discussed serious topics, we couldn't help remarking how precocious she was. precocity, N.

Front 470

precursor

Back 470

N. /领跑者，先驱/forerunner. Though Gray and Burns share many traits with the Romantic poets who followed them, most critics consider them precursors of the Romantic Movement, not true Romantics.

Front 471

predator

Back 471

N. /捕食者/creature that seizes and devours another ani¬mal; person who robs or exploits others. Not just cats, but a wide variety of predators-owls, hawks, weasels, foxes¬catch mice for dinner. A carnivore is by definition predatory, for he preys on weaker creatures.

Front 472

predecessor

Back 472

N. /前任；前辈/former occupant of a post. I hope I can live up to the fine example set by my late predecessor in this office.

Front 473

predetermine

Back 473

V. /预定；预先确定/predestine; settle or decide beforehand; influence markedly. Romeo and Juliet believed that Fate had predetermined their meeting. Bea gathered estimates from caterers, florists, and stationers so that she could pre¬determine the costs of holding a catered buffet. Philip's love of athletics predetermined his choice of a career in sports marketing.

Front 474

predicament

Back 474

N. /困境；危险的境地；两难/tricky or dangerous situation; dilemma. Tied to the railroad tracks by the villain, Pauline strained against her bonds. How would she escape from this terrible predicament?

Front 475

predilection

Back 475

N. /偏爱；偏好/partiality; preference. Although I have writ¬ten all sorts of poetry over the years, I have a definite predilection for occasional verse.

Front 476

predispose

Back 476

V. /预先安排，使其偏向于/give an inclination toward; make suscepti¬ble to. Oleg's love of dressing up his big sister's Barbie doll may have predisposed him to become a fashion designer. Genetic influences apparently predispose people to certain forms of cancer.

Front 477

preeminent

Back 477

ADJ. /出色的；出类拔萃的/outstanding; superior. The king traveled to Boston because he wanted the preeminent surgeon in the field to perform the operation.

Front 478

preempt

Back 478

V. /排挤，代替；阻止；抢占；先发制人/head off; forestall by acting first; appropriate for oneself; supplant. Hoping to preempt any attempts by the opposition to make educational reform a hot political issue, the candidate set out her own plan to revitalize the public schools. preemptive,ADJ.

Front 479

preen

Back 479

V. /把自己打扮漂亮；自我满足；鸟类用嘴梳理羽毛/make oneself tidy in appearance; feel self-satis¬faction. As Kitty preened before the mirror, carefully smoothing her shining hair, she couldn't help preening over how pretty she looked.

Front 480

prehensile

Back 480

ADJ. /可以得到的；可以抓住的/capable of grasping or holding. Monkeys use not only their arms and legs but also their prehensile tails in traveling through the trees.

Front 481

prelate

Back 481

N. /高级教士/church dignitary. The archbishop of Moscow and other high-ranking prelates visited the Russian Ortho¬dox seminary.

Front 482

prelude

Back 482

N. /序；先驱；先导/introduction; forerunner. I am afraid that this border raid is the prelude to more serious attacks.

Front 483

premeditate

Back 483

V. /预谋，预先考虑/plan in advance. She had premeditated the murder for months, reading about common poisons and buying weed killer that contained arsenic.

Front 484

premise

Back 484

N. /假定，假设；前提/assumption; postulate. Based on the premise that there's no fool like an old fool, P. T. Barnum hired a ninety-year-old clown for his circus.

Front 485

premonition

Back 485

N. /前兆/forewarning. We ignored these premoni¬tions of disaster because they appeared to be based on childish fears.

Front 486

preposterous

Back 486

ADJ. /荒唐的/absurd; ridiculous. When he tried to downplay his youthful experiments with marijuana by saying he hadn't inhaled, we all thought, "What a preposterous excuse!"

Front 487

prerogative

Back 487

N. /特权/privilege; unquestionable right. The presi¬dent cannot levy taxes; that is the prerogative of the legisla¬tive branch of government.

Front 488

presage

Back 488

V. /预示/foretell. The vultures flying overhead presaged the discovery of the corpse in the desert.

Front 489

prescience

Back 489

N. /预示能力/ability to foretell the future. Given the current wave of Japan-bashing, it does not take prescience for me to foresee problems in our future trade relations with Japan.

Front 490

presentiment

Back 490

N. /预感/feeling something will happen; anticipa¬tory fear; premonition. Saying goodbye at the airport, Jack had a sudden presentiment that this was the last time he would see Jill.

Front 491

prestige

Back 491

N. /声望；威信/impression produced by achievements or repu¬tation. Many students want to go to Harvard College not for the education offered but for the prestige of Harvard's name.

Front 492

presumptuous

Back 492

ADJ. /自大；轻狂；专横/overconfident; impertinently bold; tak¬ing liberties. Matilda thought it was somewhat presumptu¬ous of the young man to have addressed her without first having been introduced. Perhaps manners were freer here in the New World.

Front 493

pretentious

Back 493

ADJ. /自命不凡；华而不实；自大/ostentatious; pompous; making unjusti¬fied claims; overly ambitious. None of the other prize win¬ners are wearing their medals; isn't it a bit pretentious of you to wear yours?

Front 494

preternatural

Back 494

ADJ. /超自然的/beyond what is normal in nature. Mal¬colm's mother's total ability to tell when he was lying struck him as almost preternatural.

Front 495

pretext

Back 495

N. /借口；托辞/excuse. He looked for a good pretext to get out of paying a visit to his aunt.

Front 496

prevail

Back 496

V. /导致，促使；击败；盛行/induce; triumph over. He tried to prevail on her to type his essay for him.

Front 497

prevalent

Back 497

ADJ. /普遍的；流行的/widespread; generally accepted. A radical committed to social change, Reed had no patience with the conservative views prevalent in the America of his day.

Front 498

prevaricate

Back 498

V. /撒谎；支吾，搪塞；糊弄/lie. Some people believe that to prevaricate in a good cause is justifiable and regard such a statement as a "white lie."

Front 499

prey

Back 499

N. /猎物；受害人，牺牲品/target of a hunt; victim. In Stalking the Wild Asparagus, Euell Gibbons has as his prey not wild beasts but wild plants. alsoV.

Front 500

prim

Back 500

ADJ. /整洁的；精准的，精确的/very precise and formal; exceedingly proper. Many people commented on the contrast between the prim attire of the young lady and the inappropriate clothing worn by her escort.

Front 501

primordial

Back 501

ADJ. /原始的；与时间同在的/existing at the beginning (of time); rudi¬mentary. The Neanderthal Man is one of our primordial ancestors.

Front 502

primp

Back 502

V. /打扮/groom oneself with care; adorn oneself. The groom stood by idly while his nervous bride-to-be primped one last time before the mirror.

Front 503

pristine

Back 503

ADJ. /史前的；质朴的/characteristic of earlier times; primitive; unspoiled. This area has been preserved in all its pristine wildness.

Front 504

privation

Back 504

N. /困难，困苦；短缺，缺少/hardship; want. In his youth, he knew hunger and privation.

Front 505

probe

Back 505

V. /探测/explore with tools. The surgeon probed the wound for foreign matter before suturing it. also N.

Front 506

problematic

Back 506

ADJ. /忧郁的；忧心忡忡的；心存疑虑的；有疑问的/doubtful; unsettled; questionable; per¬plexing. Given the way building costs have exceeded esti¬mates for the job, whether the arena will ever be completed is problematic.

Front 507

proclivity

Back 507

N. /倾向；自然倾向/inclination; natural tendency. Watching the two-year-old voluntarily put away his toys, I was amazed by his proclivityfor neatness.

Front 508

procrastinate

Back 508

V. /推迟；延期/postpone; delay or put off. Looking at four years of receipts and checks he still had to sort through, Bob was truly sorry he had procrastinated for so long and not finished filing his taxes long ago.

Front 509

prod

Back 509

V. /刺；刺激；激励/poke; stir up; urge. If you prod him hard enough, he'll eventually clean his room.

Front 510

prodigal

Back 510

ADJ. /浪费的/wasteful; reckless with money. Don't be so prodigal spending my money; when you've earned some money yourself, you can waste it as much as you want! also N.

Front 511

prodigious

Back 511

ADJ. /巨大的/marvelous; enormous. Watching the champion weight lifter heave the weighty barbell to shoul¬der height and then boost it overhead, we marveled at his prodigious strength.

Front 512

prodigy

Back 512

N. /奇才；天才/marvel; highly gifted child. Menuhin was a prodigy, performing wonders on his violin when he was barely eight years old.

Front 513

profane

Back 513

V. /亵渎/violate; desecrate; treat unworthily. The mem¬bers of the mysterious Far Eastern cult sought to kill the British explorer because he had profaned the sanctity of their holy goblet by using it as an ashtray. alsoADJ.

Front 514

profligate

Back 514

ADJ. /放荡的；放肆的；不检点的/dissipated; wasteful; wildly immoral. Although surrounded by wild and profligate companions, she nevertheless managed to retain some sense of decency.

Front 515

profound

Back 515

ADJ. /深刻的/deep; not superficial; complete. Freud's remarkable insights into human behavior caused his fellow scientists to honor him as a profound thinker. profundity, N.

Front 516

profusion

Back 516

N. /过量；过剩/overabundance; lavish expenditure; excess. Freddy was so overwhelmed by the profusion of choices on the menu that he knocked over his wine glass and soaked his host. He made profuse apologies to his host, the waiter, the bus boy, the people at the next table, and the attendant handing out paper towels.

Front 517

progenitor

Back 517

N. /祖先/ancestor. The Roth family, whose progeni¬tors emigrated from Germany early in the nineteenth cen¬tury, settled in Peru, Illinois.

Front 518

progeny

Back 518

N. /后裔/children; offspring. He was proud of his prog¬eny in general, but regarded George as the most promising of all his children.

Front 519

prognosis

Back 519

N. /预言；疾病警告/forecasted course of a disease; prediction. If the doctor's prognosis is correct, the patient will be in a coma for at least twenty-four hours.

Front 520

projectile

Back 520

N. /发射；导弹/missile. Man has always hurled projectiles at his enemy whether in the form of stones or of highly explo¬sive shells.

Front 521

proletarian

Back 521

N. /无产阶级的；蓝领的/member of the working class; blue collar person. "Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains" is addressed to proletarians, not preppies. So is Blue Collar Holler. proletariat, N.

Front 522

proliferation

Back 522

N. /迅速增长，倍增；扩散/rapid growth; spread; multiplication. Times of economic hardship inevitably encourage the proliferation of countless get-rich-quick schemes. proliferate,V.

Front 523

prolific

Back 523

ADJ. /多产的；丰富的/abundantly fruitful. My editors must assume I'm a prolific writer: they expect me to revise six books this year!

Front 524

prolixity

Back 524

N. /冗长的；啰嗦的/tedious wordiness; verbosity. A writer who suf¬fers from prolixity tells his readers everything they never wanted to know about his subject (or were too bored to ask). prolix,ADJ.

Front 525

prologue

Back 525

N. /序（诗歌，歌剧的）/introduction (to a poem or play). In the pro¬logue to Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare introduces the audience to the feud between the Montagues and the Capulets.

Front 526

prolong

Back 526

V. /拖延/make longer; draw out; lengthen. In their deter¬mination to discover ways to prolong human life, doctors fail to take into account that longer lives are not always happier ones.

Front 527

prolong

Back 527

V. /拖延/make longer; draw out; lengthen. Have you ever noticed that Prince Charles's prominent ears make him look like the big-eared character in Mad comics?

Front 528

promiscuous

Back 528

ADJ. /随意混合的；打乱的；随便的/mixed indiscriminately; haphazard; irregular, particularly sexually. In the opera La Boheme, we get a picture of the promiscuous life led by the young artists of Paris.

Front 529

promontory

Back 529

N. /岬；海角/headland. They erected a lighthouse on the promontory to warn approaching ships of their nearness to the shore.

Front 530

promote

Back 530

V. /提升；促进/help to flourish; advance in rank; publicize. Founder of the Children's Defense Fund, Marian Wright Edelman ceaselessly promotes the welfare of young people everywhere.

Hint 530

0

Front 531

prompt

Back 531

V. /提示；鼓动；迅速及时的/cause; provoke; provide a cue for an actor. Whatever prompted you to ask for such a big piece of cake when you're on a diet?

Front 532

promulgate

Back 532

V. /发布；公布/proclaim a doctrine or law; make known by official publication. When Moses came down from the mountain top all set to promulgate God's commandments, he freaked out on discovering his followers worshipping a golden calf.

Front 533

prone

Back 533

ADJ. /倾向于/inclined to; prostrate. She was prone to sudden fits of anger during which she would lie prone on the floor, screaming and kicking her heels.

Front 534

propagate

Back 534

V. /迅速增长，传播，扩散/multiply; spread. Since bacteria propagate more quickly in unsanitary environments, it is important to keep hospital rooms clean.

Front 535

propellants

Back 535

N. /推进剂/substances that propel or drive forward. The development of our missile program has forced our sci¬entists to seek more powerful propellants.

Front 536

propensity

Back 536

N. /自然倾向/natural inclination. Convinced of his own tal¬ent, Sol has an unfortunate propensity to belittle the talents of others.

Front 537

prophetic

Back 537

ADJ. /预言的/foretelling the future. I have no magical prophetic powers; when I predict what will happen, I base my predictions on common sense. prophesy,V.

Front 538

propinquity

Back 538

N. /亲近；血缘/nearness; kinship. Their relationship could not be explained as being based on mere propinquity; they were more than relatives, they were true friends.

Front 539

propitiate

Back 539

V. /劝解；平静；安抚/appease. The natives offered sacrifices to propitiate the gods.

Front 540

propitious

Back 540

ADJ. /吉利的；有利的/favorable; fortunate; advantageous. Chloe consulted her horoscope to see whether Tuesday would be a propitious day to dump her boyfriend.

Front 541

proponent

Back 541

N. /支持者；建议者/supporter; backer; opposite of opponent. In the Senate, proponents of the universal health care mea¬sure lobbied to gain additional support for the controversial legislation.

Front 542

propound

Back 542

V. /提出/put forth for analysis. In your discussion, you have propounded several questions; let us consider each one separately.

Front 543

propriety

Back 543

N. /适当/fitness; correct conduct. Miss Manners coun¬sels her readers so that they may behave with due propriety in any social situation and not embarrass themselves.

Front 544

propulsive

Back 544

ADJ. /推进的；有推进力的/driving forward. The jet plane has a greater propulsive power than the engine-driven plane.

Front 545

prosaic

Back 545

ADJ. /事实的；平淡的；缺乏想象力的/dull and unimaginative; matter-of-fact; factual. Though the ad writers came up with an original way to pub¬licize the product, the head office rejected it for a more pro¬saic, ordinary slogan.

Front 546

proscribe

Back 546

V. /禁止/ostracize; banish; outlaw. Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus proscribed all those who had conspired against Julius Caesar.

Front 547

proselytize

Back 547

V. /劝其改宗；改宗/convert to a religion or belief. In these inter¬faith meetings, there must be no attempt to proselytize; we must respect all points of view.

Front 548

prosperity

Back 548

N. /繁荣；好运/good fortune; financial success; physical well-being. Promising to stay together "for richer, for poorer," the newlyweds vowed to be true to one another in prosperity and hardship alike.

Front 549

prostrate

Back 549

V. /弄倒；降伏/stretch out full on ground. He prostrated him¬self before the idol. alsoADJ.

Front 550

protean

Back 550

ADJ. /变化多端的/versatile; able to take on many shapes. A remarkably protean actor, Alec Guinness could take on any role.

Front 551

protégé

Back 551

N. /被保护人/person receiving protection and support from a patron. Born with an independent spirit, Cyrano de Berg¬erac refused to be a protégé of Cardinal Richelieu.

Front 552

protocol

Back 552

N. /协议/diplomatic etiquette. We must run this state dinner according to protocol if we are to avoid offending any of our guests.

Front 553

prototype

Back 553

N. /原型/original work used as a model by others. The crude typewriter on display in this museum is the prototype of the elaborate machines in use today.

Front 554

protract

Back 554

V. /延长/prolong. Seeking to delay the union members' vote, the management team tried to protract the negotia¬tions endlessly.

Front 555

protrude

Back 555

V. /突出/stick out. His fingers protruded from the holes in his gloves. protrusion, N.

Front 556

protuberance

Back 556

N. /隆起；突出；瘤/protrusion; bulge. A ganglionic cyst is a fluid-filled tumor that develops near a joint membrane or tendon sheath, and that bulges beneath the skin, forming a protuberance.

Front 557

provident

Back 557

ADJ. /有远见的/displaying foresight; thrifty; preparing for emergencies. In his usual provident manner, he had insured himself against this type of loss.

Front 558

provincial

Back 558

ADJ. /省级的；视野不宽的；简单的/pertaining to a province; limited in outlook; unsophisticated. As provincial governor, Sir Henry adminis¬tered the Queen's law in his remote corner of Canada. Caught up in local problems, out of touch with London news, he became sadly provincial.

Front 559

provisional

Back 559

ADJ. /临时的/tentative. Kim's acceptance as an Ameri¬can Express card holder was provisional: before issuing her a card, American Express wanted to check her employment record and credit history.

Front 560

provocative

Back 560

ADJ. /煽动的；刺激的；激怒的/arousing anger or interest; annoying. In a typically provocative act, the bully kicked sand into the weaker man's face.

Front 561

provoke

Back 561

V. /激怒；惹；煽动；挑起/stir to anger; cause retaliation. In order to pre¬vent a sudden outbreak of hostilities, we must not provoke our foe. provocation, N; provocative,ADJ.

Front 562

prowess

Back 562

N. /非常勇猛/extraordinary ability; military bravery. Perform¬ing triple axels and double lutzes at the age of six, the young figure skater was world famous for her prowess on the ice.

Front 563

proximity

Back 563

N. /接近；亲近/nearness. Blind people sometimes develop a compensatory ability to sense the proximity of objects around them.

Front 564

proxy

Back 564

N. /代理/authorized agent. Please act as my proxy and vote for this slate of candidates in my absence.

Front 565

prude

Back 565

N. /规矩的人；正经人；故作正经的人/excessively modest person. The X-rated film was definitely not for prudes, prudish,ADJ.

Front 566

prudent

Back 566

ADJ. /谨慎的/cautious; careful. A miser hoards money not because he is prudent but because he is greedy. prudence, N.

Front 567

prune

Back 567

V. /切掉；修剪/cut away; trim. With the help of her editor, she was able to prune her overlong manuscript into publishable form.

Front 568

prurient

Back 568

ADJ. /好色的；渴望的/having or causing lustful thoughts and desires. Aroused by his prurient impulses, the dirty old man leered at the sweet young thing and offered to give her a sample of his "prowess."

Front 569

pseudonym

Back 569

N. /假名；笔名/pen name. Samuel Clemens' pseudonym was Mark Twain.

Front 570

psyche

Back 570

N. /灵魂/soul; mind. It is difficult to delve into the psyche of a human being.

Front 571

pterodactyl

Back 571

N. /翼龙/extinct flying reptile. The remains of ptero¬dactyls indicate that these flying reptiles had a wingspan of as much as twenty feet.

Front 572

puerile

Back 572

ADJ. /幼稚的，孩子气的/childish. His puerile pranks sometimes offended his more mature friends.

Front 573

pugilist

Back 573

N. /拳击家/boxer. The famous pugilist Cassius Clay changed his name to Muhammed Ali.

Front 574

pugnacity

Back 574

N. /好斗的/combativeness; disposition to fight. "Put up your dukes!" he cried, making a fist to show his pugnacity. pugnacious,ADJ.

Front 575

pulchritude

Back 575

N. /美丽；标致/beauty; comeliness. I do not envy the judges who have to select this year's Miss America from this collection of female pulchritude.

Front 576

pulverize

Back 576

V. /磨碎；粉碎/crush or grind into dust. Before sprinkling the dried herbs into the stew, Michael first pulverized them into a fine powder.

Front 577

pummel

Back 577

V. /用拳头打/beat or pound with fists. Swinging wildly, Pam pummeled her brother around the head and shoulders.

Front 578

punctilious

Back 578

ADJ. /谨小慎微的；一丝不苟的/laying stress on niceties of conduct or form; minutely attentive to fine points (perhaps too much so). Percy is punctilious about observing the rules of eti¬quette whenever Miss Manners invites him to stay. punctil¬iousness.N.

Front 579

pundit

Back 579

N. /博学者；梵文学家/authority on a subject; learned person; expert. Some authors who write about SAT I as if they are pundits actually know very little about the test.

Front 580

pungent

Back 580

ADJ. /刺激的；辛辣的；尖锐的/stinging; sharp in taste or smell; caustic. The pungent odor of ripe Limburger cheese appealed to Simone but made Stanley gag.

Front 581

punitive

Back 581

ADJ. /惩罚的/punishing. He asked for punitive measures against the offender.

Front 582

puny

Back 582

ADJ. /不显著的；不明显的；细微的/insignificant; tiny; weak. Our puny efforts to stop the flood were futile.

Front 583

purchase

Back 583

N. /赢得；换得；努力争取得；购买/firm grasp or footing. The mountaineer strug¬gled to get a proper purchase on the slippery rock. (sec¬ondary meaning)

Front 584

purge

Back 584

V. /净化；清除；拉肚子/remove or get rid of something unwanted; free from blame or guilt; cleanse or purify. When the Communist government purged the party to get rid of members sus¬pected of capitalist sympathies, they sent the disloyal mem¬bers to labor camps in Siberia.

Front 585

purported

Back 585

ADJ. /传说的；谣传的/alleged; claimed; reputed or rumored. The purported Satanists sacrificing live roosters in the park turned out to be a party of Shriners holding a chicken barbecue.

Front 586

purse

Back 586

V. /折叠；褶皱；钱包；手提包（女式）/pucker; contract into wrinkles. Miss Watson pursed her lips to show her disapproval of Huck's bedrag¬gled appearance.

Front 587

purveyor

Back 587

N. /承办商/furnisher of foodstuffs; caterer. As purveyor of rare wines and viands, he traveled through France and Italy every year in search of new products to sell.

Front 588

pusillanimous

Back 588

ADJ. /懦弱的；优柔寡断的/cowardly; fainthearted. You should be ashamed of your pusillanimous conduct during this dispute.

Front 589

putrid

Back 589

ADJ. /恶臭的；腐烂的/foul; rotten; decayed. The gangrenous condi¬tion of the wound was indicated by the putrid smell when the bandages were removed. putrescence, N.

Front 590

pyromaniac

Back 590

N. /纵火狂/person with an insane desire to set things on fire. The detectives searched the area for the pyroma¬niac who had set these costly fires.

Front 591

quack

Back 591

N. /骗子；吹嘘的人/charlatan; impostor. Do not be misled by the exorbitant claims of this quack; he cannot cure you.

Front 592

quadruped

Back 592

N. /四足动物/four-footed animal. Most mammals are quadrupeds.

Front 593

quaff

Back 593

V. /一饮而尽/drink with relish. As we quaffed our ale, we lis¬tened to the lively songs of the students in the tavern.

Front 594

quagmire

Back 594

N. /沼泽；湿地/soft wet boggy land; complex or dangerous situation from which it is difficult to free oneself. Up to her knees in mud, Myra wondered how on earth she was going to extricate herself from this quagmire.

Front 595

quail

Back 595

V. /懦弱；胆怯/cower; lose heart. The Cowardly Lion was afraid that he would quail in the face of danger.

Front 596

quaint

Back 596

ADJ. /离奇古怪的；做的精巧的；过时的/odd; old-fashioned; picturesque. Her quaint clothes and old-fashioned language marked her as an eccentric.

Front 597

qualified

Back 597

ADJ. /有资格的；有限制的；被限制的/limited; restricted. Unable to give the candi¬date full support, the mayor gave him only a qualified endorsement. (secondary meaning)

Front 598

qualms

Back 598

N. /担心，害怕；担惊受怕；愧对良心/misgivings; uneasy fears, especially about mat¬ters of conscience. I have no qualms about giving this assignment to Helen; I know she will handle it admirably.

Front 599

quandary

Back 599

N. /两难的困境/dilemma. When both Harvard and Stanford accepted Laura, she was in a quandary as to which school she should attend.

Front 600

quarantine

Back 600

N. /隔离/isolation of person or ship to prevent spread of infection. We will have to place this house under quaran¬tine until we determine the exact nature of the disease. alsoV.

Front 601

quarry

Back 601

N. /猎物；受害者/Victim; object of a hunt. The police closed in on their quarry.

Front 602

quarry

Back 602

V. /挖掘出，寻找出/dig into. They quarried blocks of marble out of the hillside. also N.

Front 603

quay

Back 603

N. /码头/dock; landing place. Because of the captain's carelessness, the ship crashed into the quay.

Front 604

queasy

Back 604

ADJ. /神经质的，洁癖的；易呕吐的/easily nauseated; squeamish. Remember that great chase movie, the one with the carsick passenger? That's right: Queasy Rider!

Front 605

quell

Back 605

V. /扑灭；镇压；平息/extinguish; put down; quiet. Miss Minchin's demeanor was so stern and forbidding that she could quell any unrest among her students with one intimidating glance.

Front 606

quench

Back 606

V. /弄湿；扑灭；熄灭；淬火/douse or extinguish; assuage or satisfy. No matter how much water the hiker drank, she could not quench her thirst.

Front 607

querulous

Back 607

ADJ. /鸣不平的；易发牢骚的/fretful; whining. Even the most agreeable toddlers can begin to act querulous if they miss their nap.

Front 608

query

Back 608

N. /问询；质问/inquiry; question. In her column "Ask Beth," the columnist invites young readers to send her their queries about life and love.

Front 609

quibble

Back 609

N. /遁词；狡辩；支吾；吹毛求疵/minor objection or complaint. Aside from a few hundred teensy-weensy quibbles about the set, the script, the actors, the director, the costumes, the lighting, and the props, the hypercritical critic loved the play. alsoV.

Front 610

quiescent

Back 610

ADJ. /睡眠的；休息的；暂停活动的/at rest; dormant; temporarily inactive. After the great eruption, fear of Mount Etna was great; people did not return to cultivate its rich hillside lands until the volcano had been quiescent for a full two years. quiescence, N.

Front 611

quietude

Back 611

N. /平静；宁静/tranquility. He was impressed by the air of qui¬etude and peace that pervaded the valley.

Front 612

quintessence

Back 612

N. /精粹；精华/purest and highest embodiment. Noel Coward displayed the quintessence of wit.

Front 613

quip

Back 613

N. /嘲弄；讽刺/taunt. You are unpopular because you are too free with your quips and sarcastic comments. alsoV.

Front 614

quirk

Back 614

N. /反复无常；怪僻/startling twist; caprice. By a quirk of fate, he found himself working for the man whom he had discharged years before.

Front 615

quiver

Back 615

V. /振动的；颤抖的；敏捷的/tremble; shake. The bird dog's nose twitched and his whiskers quivered as he strained eagerly against the leash. also N.

Front 616

quiver

Back 616

N. /射箭的/case for arrows. Robin Hood reached back and plucked one last arrow from his quiver. (secondary meaning)

Front 617

quixotic

Back 617

ADJ. /空想的；狂想的/idealistic but impractical. Constantly coming up with quixotic, unworkable schemes to save the world, Simon has his heart in the right place, but his head some¬where in the clouds.

Front 618

quizzical

Back 618

ADJ. /古怪的；嘲弄的；令人好奇的/teasing; bantering; mocking; curious. When the skinny teenager tripped over his own feet stepping into the bullpen, Coach raised one quizzical eyebrow, shook his head, and said, "Okay, kid. You're here, let's see what you've got."

Front 619

quorum

Back 619

N. /法定人数/number of members necessary to conduct a meeting. The senator asked for a roll call to determine whether a quorum was present.

Front 620

rabid

Back 620

ADJ. /狂暴的；激烈的/like a fanatic; furious. He was a rabid follower of the Dodgers and watched them play whenever he could go to the ball park.

Front 621

raconteur

Back 621

N. /善谈的人；满肚子故事的人/storyteller. My father was a gifted raconteur with an unlimited supply of anecdotes.

Front 622

rail

Back 622

V. /责骂；斥责；咆哮/scold; rant. You may rail at him all you want; you will never change him.

Front 623

raiment

Back 623

N. /衣服/clothing. "How can I go to the ball?" asked Cin¬derella. "I have no raiment fit to wear."

Front 624

rally

Back 624

V. /复原，恢复；召集，集合/call up or summon (forces, vital powers, etc.); revive or recuperate. Washington quickly rallied his troops to fight off the British attack. The patient had been sinking throughout the night, but at dawn she rallied and made a complete recovery.

Front 625

ramble

Back 625

V. /游荡；漫无目的游荡/wander aimlessly (physically or mentally). Lis¬tening to the teacher ramble, Judy wondered whether he'd ever get to his point.

Front 626

ramification

Back 626

N. /分支；分叉/branching out; subdivision. We must exam¬ine all the ramifications of this problem.

Front 627

ramify

Back 627

V. /分支；分开/divide into branches or subdivisions. When the plant begins to ramify, it is advisable to nip off most of the new branches.

Front 628

ramp

Back 628

N. /斜面；斜坡/slope; inclined plane. The house was built with ramps instead of stairs in order to enable the man in the wheelchair to move easily from room to room and floor to floor.

Front 629

rampant

Back 629

ADJ. /猖獗的；滋生的；猛烈的/growing in profusion; unrestrained. The ram¬pant weeds in the garden choked the flowers until they died.

Front 630

ramshackle

Back 630

ADJ. /摇摆的；摇摇欲坠的/rickety; falling apart. The boys propped up the ramshackle clubhouse with a couple of boards.

Front 631

rancid

Back 631

ADJ. /油脂一样腐臭的/having the odor of stale fat. A rancid odor filled the ship's galley and nauseated the crew.

Front 632

rancor

Back 632

N. /苦难/bitterness; hatred. Thirty years after the war, she could not let go of the past but was still consumed with ran¬cor against the foe.

Front 633

random

Back 633

ADJ. /随机的/without definite purpose, plan, or aim; hap¬hazard. Although the sponsor of the raffle claimed all win¬ners were chosen at random, people had their suspicions when the grand prize went to the sponsor's brother-in-law.

Front 634

rankle

Back 634

V. /激怒；溃烂；化脓/irritate; fester. The memory of having been jilted rankled him for years.

Front 635

rant

Back 635

V. /咆哮；激昂的演说；斥责/rave; talk excitedly; scold; make a grandiloquent speech. When he heard that I'd totaled the family car, Dad began to rant at me like a complete madman.

Front 636

rapacious

Back 636

ADJ. /极度贪婪的；捕食的；掠夺的/excessively greedy; predatory. The rapa¬cious brigands stripped the villagers of all their posses¬sions. rapacity, N.

Front 637

rapport

Back 637

N. /情感的亲近；和谐/emotional closeness; harmony. In team teach¬ing, it is important that all teachers in the group have good rapport with one another.

Front 638

rapt

Back 638

ADJ. /迷住的；全神贯注的/absorbed; enchanted. Caught up in the wonder of the storyteller's tale, the rapt listeners sat motionless, hanging on his every word.

Front 639

rarefied

Back 639

ADJ. /稀释（气体）/made less dense (of a gas]. The mountain climbers had difficulty breathing in the rarefied atmosphere. rarefy,V.

Front 640

raspy

Back 640

ADJ. /刺耳的；焦躁的/grating; harsh. The sergeant's raspy voice grated on the recruits' ears.

Front 641

ratify

Back 641

V. /批准，认可/approve formally; confirm; verify. Party leaders doubted that they had enough votes in both houses of Con¬gress to ratify the constitutional amendment.

Front 642

ratiocination

Back 642

N. /推理；推论/reasoning; act of drawing conclusions from premises. While Watson was a man of average intelli¬gence, Holmes was a genius, whose gift for ratiocination made him a superb detective.

Front 643

rationale

Back 643

N. /基础科学；基本原理/fundamental reason or justification; grounds for an action. Her need to have someplace to hang her ear¬ring collection was Dora's rationale for piercing fifteen holes in each ear.

Front 644

rationalize

Back 644

V. /合理化/give a plausible reason for an action in place of a true, less admirable one; offer an excuse. When David told gabby Gabrielle he couldn't give her a ride to the dance because he had no room in the car, he was rational¬izing; actually, he couldn't stand being cooped up in a car with anyone who talked as much as she did.

Front 645

raucous

Back 645

ADJ. /沙哑的/harsh and shrill; disorderly and boisterous. The raucous crowd of New Year's Eve revelers got progres¬sively noisier as midnight drew near.

Front 646

rave

Back 646

N. /咆哮/overwhelmingly favorable review. Though critic John Simon seldom has a good word to say about most contemporary plays, his review of All in the Timing was a total rave.

Front 647

ravel

Back 647

V. /使混乱；解开混乱，解决混乱/fall apart into tangles; unravel or untwist; entangle. A single thread pulled loose, and the entire scarf started to ravel.

Front 648

ravenous

Back 648

ADJ. /饥饿的/extremely hungry. The ravenous dog upset several garbage pails in its search for food.

Front 649

raze

Back 649

V. /彻底摧毁/destroy completely. Spelling is important: to raise a building is to put it up; to raze a building is to tear it down.

Front 650

reactionary

Back 650

ADJ. /反作用的/recoiling from progress; politically ultra¬conservative. Opposing the use of English in worship ser¬vices, reactionary forces in the church fought to reinstate the mass in Latin.

Front 651

realm

Back 651

N. /领域/kingdom; field or sphere. In the animal realm, the lion is the king of beasts.

Front 652

reaper

Back 652

N. /收割者；收割机/one who harvests grain. Death, the Grim Reaper, cuts down mortal men and women, just as a farmer cuts down the ripened grain. reap,V.

Front 653

rebuff

Back 653

V. /回绝/snub; beat back. She rebuffed his invitation so smoothly that he did not realize he had been snubbed. also N.

Front 654

rebuke

Back 654

V. /严厉批评；猛烈的训斥/scold harshly; criticize severely. No matter how sharply Miss Watson rebuked Huck for his misconduct, he never talked back but just stood there like a stump. also N.

Front 655

rebuttal

Back 655

N. /驳斥；举反证/refutation; response with contrary evidence. The defense lawyer confidently listened to the prosecutor sum up his case, sure that she could answer his arguments in her rebuttal.

Front 656

recalcitrant

Back 656

ADJ. /反抗的；顽抗的/obstinately stubborn; determined to resist authority; unruly. Which animal do you think is more recalci¬trant, a pig or a mule?

Front 657

recant

Back 657

V. /放弃；宣布放弃/disclaim or disavow; retract a previous statement; openly confess error. Those who can, keep true to their faith; those who can't, recant. Hoping to make Joan of Arc recant her sworn testimony, her English captors tried to convince her that her visions had been sent to her by the Devil.

Front 658

recapitulate

Back 658

V. /概括；总结/summarize. Let us recapitulate what has been said thus far before going ahead.

Front 659

recast

Back 659

V. /重建/reconstruct (a sentence, story, etc.); fashion again. Let me recast this sentence in terms your feeble brain can grasp: in words of one syllable, you are a fool.

Front 660

receptive

Back 660

ADJ. /善于接受的/quick or willing to receive ideas, sugges¬tions, etc. Adventure-loving Huck Finn proved a receptive audience for Tom's tales of buried treasure and piracy.

Front 661

recession

Back 661

N. /撤退/withdrawal; retreat; time of low economic activity. The slow recession of the flood waters created problems for the crews working to restore power to the area. recede,V.

Front 662

recidivism

Back 662

N. /累犯；惯犯/habitual return to crime. Prison reformers in the United States are disturbed by the high rate of recidivism; the number of men serving second and third terms in prison indicates the failure of prisons to rehabilitate the inmates.

Front 663

recipient

Back 663

N. /接受的东西；容器/receiver. Although he had been the recipient of many favors, he was not grateful to his benefactor.

Front 664

reciprocal

Back 664

ADJ. /互相的；互动的；互惠的/mutual; exchangeable; interacting. The two nations signed a reciprocal trade agreement.

Front 665

reciprocate

Back 665

V. /互给；呼唤；酬答/repay in kind. If they attack us, we shall be compelled to reciprocate and bomb their territory. reci¬procity, N.

Front 666

recluse

Back 666

N. /隐遁者；寂寞者/hermit; loner. Disappointed in love, Miss Emily became a recluse; she shut herself away in her empty man¬sion and refused to see another living soul. reclusive,ADJ.

Front 667

reconcile

Back 667

V. /抛弃前嫌；不打不相识；结为好友；化解冲突/correct inconsistencies; become friendly after a quarrel. Each month when we try to reconcile our checkbook with the bank statement, we quarrel. However, despite these monthly lovers' quarrels, we always manage to reconcile.

Front 668

reconnaissance

Back 668

N. /侦查/survey of enemy by soldiers; reconnoi¬tering. If you encounter any enemy soldiers during your reconnaissance, capture them for questioning.

Front 669

recount

Back 669

V. /解说，告诉；重新数/narrate or tell; count over again. A born story¬teller, my father loved to recount anecdotes about his early years in New York.

Front 670

recourse

Back 670

N. /求助；求援/resorting to help when in trouble. The boy's only recourse was to appeal to his father for aid.

Front 671

recrimination

Back 671

N. /反责；反击/countercharges. Loud and angry recrimi¬nations were her answer to his accusations.

Front 672

rectify

Back 672

V. /纠正/set right; correct. You had better send a check to rectify your account before American Express cancels your credit card.

Front 673

rectitude

Back 673

N. /垂直；正直；公正/uprightness; moral virtue; correctness of judg¬ment. The Eagle Scout was a model of rectitude.

Front 674

recumbent

Back 674

ADJ. /靠着的；斜躺的；不动的；休息的/reclining; lying down completely or in part. The command "AT EASE" does not permit you to take a recumbent position.

Front 675

recuperate

Back 675

V. /恢复/recover. The doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate as rapidly as they had expected.

Front 676

recurrent

Back 676

ADJ. /一遍又一遍发生的；循环发生的/occurring again and again. Richard's recurrent asthma attacks disturbed us and we consulted a physician.

Front 677

redolent

Back 677

ADJ. /有味道的；有香味儿的/fragrant; odorous; suggestive of an odor. Even though it is February, the air is redolent of spring.

Front 678

redoubtable

Back 678

ADJ. /可怕的/formidable; causing fear. During the Cold War period, neighboring countries tried not to offend the Russians because they could be redoubtable foes.

Front 679

redress

Back 679

N. /补偿；赔偿/remedy; compensation. Do you mean to tell me that I can get no redress for my injuries? also v.

Front 680

redundant

Back 680

ADJ. /冗余的；多余的/superfluous; repetitious; excessivejy wordy. The bottle of wine I brought to Bob's was certainly redundant how was I to know Bob owned a winery? In your essay, you repeat several points unnecessarily; try to be less redundant in the future. redundancy, N.

Front 681

reek

Back 681

V. /散发（气味）/emit (odor). The room reeked with stale tobacco smoke. also N.

Front 682

refraction

Back 682

N. /（光线的）折射，弯曲/bending of a ray of light. When you look at a stick inserted in water, it looks bent because of the refrac¬tion of the light by the water.

Front 683

refractory

Back 683

ADJ. /按不住的；不服气的；倔强的/stubborn; unmanageable. The refractory horse was eliminated from the race when he refused to obey the jockey.

Front 684

refrain

Back 684

V. /抵制；抵抗；远离，节制/abstain from; resist. Whenever he heard a song with a lively chorus, Sol could never refrain from joining in on the refrain.

Front 685

refurbish

Back 685

V. /刷新；修复；擦亮/renovate; make bright by polishing. The flood left a deposit of mud on everything; we had to refurbish our belongings.

Front 686

refute

Back 686

V. /反驳/disprove. The defense called several respectable witnesses who were able to refute the false testimony of the prosecution's sole witness. refutation, N.

Front 687

regal

Back 687

ADJ. /皇家的/royal. Prince Albert had a regal manner.

Front 688

regale

Back 688

V. /取悦，娱乐，享受/entertain. John regaled us with tales of his adventures in Africa.

Front 689

regime

Back 689

N. /政体/method or system of government. When the French mention the Old Regime, they refer to the govern¬ment existing before the revolution.

Front 690

regimen

Back 690

N. /摄生法/prescribed diet and habits. I doubt whether the results warrant our living under such a strict regimen.

Front 691

rehabilitate

Back 691

V. /恢复；复原/restore to proper condition. We must reha¬bilitate those whom we send to prison.

Front 692

reimburse

Back 692

V. /偿还/repay. Let me know what you have spent and I will reimburse you.

Front 693

reiterate

Back 693

V. /重申；重复/repeat. He reiterated the warning to make sure everyone understood it.

Front 694

rejoinder

Back 694

N. /反驳；回应/retort; comeback; reply. When someone has been rude to me, I find it particularly satisfying to come up with a quick rejoinder.

Front 695

rejuvenate

Back 695

V. /返老还童；青春重回/make young again. The charlatan claimed that his elixir would rejuvenate the aged and weary.

Front 696

relegate

Back 696

V. /指派；下放；贬/banish to an inferior position; delegate; assign. After Ralph dropped his second tray of drinks that week, the manager swiftly relegated him to a minor post cleaning up behind the bar.

Front 697

relent

Back 697

V. /变宽厚；变温和/give in. When her stern father would not relent and allow her to marry Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett eloped with her suitor. relentless,ADJ.

Front 698

relevant

Back 698

ADJ. /有关的；相对的/pertinent; referring to the case in hand. How relevant Virginia Woolf's essays are to women writers today! It's as if Woolf in the 1930s foresaw our current literary struggles. relevancy, N.

Front 699

relic

Back 699

N. /纪念物；废墟，遗留/surviving remnant; memento. Egypt's Department of Antiquities prohibits tourists from taking mummies and other ancient relics out of the country. Mike keeps his photos of his trip to Egypt in a box with other relics of his travels.

Front 700

relinquish

Back 700

V. /不情愿的屈服，放弃（某物）/give up something with reluctance; yield. Denise never realized how hard it would be for her to relinquish her newborn son to the care of his adoptive par¬ents. Once you get used to fringe benefits like expense account meals and a company car, it's very hard to relin¬quish them.

Front 701

relish

Back 701

V. /品味；享受/savor; enjoy. Watching Peter enthusiastically chow down, I thought, "Now there's a man who relishes a good dinner!" also N.

Front 702

remediable

Back 702

ADJ. /可挽回的/reparable. Let us be grateful that the damage is remediable.

Front 703

remedial

Back 703

ADJ. /治疗的，补救的/curative; corrective. Because he was a slow reader, he decided to take a course in remedial reading.

Front 704

reminiscence

Back 704

N. /怀旧；回想/recollection. Her reminiscences of her experiences are so fascinating that she ought to write a book.

Front 705

remiss

Back 705

ADJ. /玩忽职守的，粗心大意的/negligent. The guard was accused of being remiss in his duty when the prisoner escaped.

Front 706

remission

Back 706

N. /减轻，缓解；宽恕/temporary moderation of disease symptoms; cancellation of a debt; forgiveness or pardon. Though the senator had been treated for cancer, his symptoms were in remission, and he was considered fit enough to handle the strains of a presidential race.

Front 707

remnant

Back 707

N. /残留物/remainder. I suggest that you wait until the store places the remnants of these goods on sale.

Front 708

remonstrance

Back 708

N. /抗议/protest; objection. The authorities were deaf to the pastor's remonstrances about the lack of police protection in the area. remonstrate,V.

Front 709

remorse

Back 709

N. /懊悔，自责/guilt; self-reproach. The murderer felt no remorse for his crime.

Front 710

remunerative

Back 710

ADJ. /有利益的；有报酬的/compensating; rewarding. I find my new work so remunerative that I may not return to my previ¬ous employment. remuneration, N.

Front 711

rend

Back 711

V. /分开；撕开/split; tear apart. In his grief, he tried to rend his garments. rent, N.

Front 712

render

Back 712

V. /呈递；开账单；给予；还以，报以；放弃，投降投降或交出；放弃；描写以文字形式表现，描绘；以图像或绘画表现；演奏，诠释；翻译；正式宣布；裁决；使成为；熔解，精炼；打底/deliver; provide; represent. He rendered aid to the needy and indigent.

Front 713

rendition

Back 713

N. /表演，诠释；翻译/translation; artistic interpretation of a song, etc. The audience cheered enthusiastically as she com¬pleted her rendition of the aria.

Front 714

renegade

Back 714

N. /变节者/deserter; traitor. Because he had abandoned his post and joined forces with the Indians, his fellow offi¬cers considered the hero of Dances with Wolves a rene¬gade. alsoADJ.

Front 715

renege

Back 715

V. /食言；反悔；否认；翻供/deny; go back on. He reneged on paying off his debt.

Front 716

renounce

Back 716

V. /放弃；断绝关系/abandon; disown; repudiate. Even though she knew she would be burned at the stake as a witch, Joan of Arc refused to renounce her belief that her voices came from God. renunciation, N.

Front 717

renovate

Back 717

V. /革新；刷新；修复/restore to good condition; renew. They claim that they can renovate worn shoes so that they look like new ones.

Front 718

renown

Back 718

N. /名望/fame. For many years an unheralded researcher, Barbara McClintock gained international renown when she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. renowned,ADJ.

Front 719

rent

Back 719

N. /撕；裂口/rip; split. Kit did an excellent job of mending the rent in the lining of her coat.

Front 720

reparable

Back 720

ADJ. /可修复的/capable of being repaired. Fortunately, the damages we suffered in the accident were reparable and our car looks brand new.

Front 721

reparation

Back 721

N. /修订；弥补；补偿/amends; compensation. At the peace con¬ference, the defeated country promised to pay reparations to the victors.

Front 722

repast

Back 722

N. /餐；宴会/meal; feast; banquet. The caterers prepared a delicious repast for Fred and Judy's wedding day.

Front 723

repeal

Back 723

V. /废除；撤除/revoke; annul. What would the effect on our soci¬ety be if we decriminalized drug use by repealing the laws against the possession and sale of narcotics?

Front 724

repel

Back 724

V. /撤退；退却/drive away; disgust. At first, the Beast's ferocious appearance repelled Beauty, but she came to love the ten¬der heart hidden behind that beastly exterior.

Front 725

repellent

Back 725

ADJ. /排斥的/driving away; unattractive. Mosquitoes find the odor so repellent that they leave any spot where this liq¬uid has been sprayed. also N.

Front 726

repercussion

Back 726

N. /反弹；弹回/rebound; reverberation; reaction. I am afraid that this unfortunate incident will have serious reper¬cussions.

Front 727

repertoire

Back 727

N. /节目表；保留节目/list of works of music, drama, etc., a per¬former is prepared to present. The opera company decided to include Madame Butterfly in its repertoire for the follow¬ing season.

Front 728

replenish

Back 728

V. /补充/fill up again. Before she could take another backpacking trip, Carla had to replenish her stock of freeze-dried foods.

Front 729

replete

Back 729

ADJ. /充满的；充足的/filled to the brim or to the point of being stuffed; abundantly supplied. The movie star's memoir was replete with juicy details about the love life of half of Hollywood.

Front 730

replica

Back 730

N. /复制/copy. Are you going to hang this replica of the Declaration of Independence in the classroom or in the auditorium?

Front 731

replicate

Back 731

V. /复制/reproduce; duplicate. Because he had always wanted a palace, Donald decided to replicate the Tai Mahal in miniature on his estate.

Front 732

repository

Back 732

N. /仓库；知识库；智囊团/storehouse. Libraries are repositories of the world's best thoughts.

Front 733

reprehensible

Back 733

ADJ. /应该谴责的/deserving blame. Shocked by the viciousness of the bombing, politicians of every party uni¬formly condemned the terrorists' reprehensible deed.

Front 734

repress

Back 734

V. /压迫；压制；压/restrain; crush; oppress. Anne's parents tried to curb her impetuosity without repressing her boundless high spirits.

Front 735

reprieve

Back 735

N. /暂缓；缓刑/temporary stay. During the twenty-four-hour reprieve, the lawyers sought to make the stay of execution permanent. alsoV.

Front 736

reprimand

Back 736

V. /谴责/reprove severely; rebuke. Every time Ermen¬garde made a mistake in class, she was afraid that Miss Minchin would reprimand her and tell her father how badly she was doing in school. also N.

Front 737

reprisal

Back 737

N. /报复/retaliation. I am confident that we are ready for any reprisals the enemy may undertake.

Front 738

reprise

Back 738

N. /年金；重奏；重复的行动/musical repetition; repeat performance; recur¬rent action. We enjoyed the soprano's solo in Act I so much that we were delighted by its reprise in the finale.

Front 739

reproach

Back 739

V. /表示失望；责备/express disapproval or disappointment. He never could do anything wrong without imagining how the look on his mother's face would reproach him afterwards. reproachful,ADJ.

Front 740

reprobate

Back 740

N. /有重罪的人；道德败坏的人，无耻的人/person hardened in sin, devoid of a sense of decency. I cannot understand why he has so many admir¬ers if he is the reprobate you say he is.

Front 741

reprove

Back 741

V. /责备/censure; rebuke. The principal severely reproved the students whenever they talked in the halls.

Front 742

repudiate

Back 742

V. /批判/disown; disavow. On separating from Tony, Tina announced that she would repudiate all debts incurred by her soon-to-be ex-husband.

Front 743

repugnant

Back 743

ADJ. /不一致的；令人讨厌的/loathsome; hateful. She found the snake repugnant and looked on it with loathing and fear.

Front 744

repulsion

Back 744

N. /排斥；反驳/distaste; act of driving back. Hating blood¬shed, she viewed war with repulsion. Even defensive bat¬tles distressed her, for the repulsion of enemy forces is never accomplished bloodlessly.

Front 745

reputable

Back 745

ADJ. /著名的；令人尊敬的/respectable. If you want to buy antiques, look for a reputable dealer; far too many dealers today pass off fakes as genuine antiques.

Front 746

reputed

Back 746

ADJ. /名誉好的；有名气的；名誉的/supposed. Though he is the reputed father of the child, no one can be sure. repute, N.

Front 747

requiem

Back 747

N. /安灵弥撒；安灵歌，挽歌/mass for the dead; dirge. They played Mozart's Requiem at the funeral.

Front 748

requisite

Back 748

N. /必须品；必要的/necessary requirement. Many colleges state that a student must offer three years of a language as a requisite for admission.

Front 749

requite

Back 749

V. /报答；酬谢/repay; revenge. The wretch requited his bene¬factors by betraying them.

Front 750

rescind

Back 750

V. /取消/cancel. Because of the public outcry against the new taxes, the senator proposed a bill to rescind the unpopular financial measure.

Front 751

resentment

Back 751

N. /怨恨；愤恨/indignation; bitterness; displeasure. Not wanting to appear a sore loser, Bill tried to hide his resent¬ment of Barry's success.

Front 752

reserve

Back 752

N. /自我控制；疏远/self-control; formal but distant manner. Although some girls were attracted by Mark's air of reserve, Judy was put off by it, for she felt his aloofness indicated a lack of openness. reserved,ADJ.

Front 753

residue

Back 753

N. /残留物；余额/remainder; balance. In his will, he requested that after payment of debts, taxes, and funeral expenses, the residue be given to his wife. residual,ADJ.

Front 754

resigned

Back 754

ADJ. /认命，顺从；听天由命/accepting one's fate; unresisting; patiently submissive. Resigned to his downtrodden existence, Bob Cratchit was too meek to protest Scrooge's bullying. resig¬nation, N.

Front 755

resilient

Back 755

ADJ. /弹性的/elastic; having the power of springing back. Highly resilient, steel makes excellent bedsprings. resilience, N.

Front 756

resolution

Back 756

N. /坚定；决心；决定/determination; resolve. Nothing could shake his resolution that his children would get the best education that money could buy. resolute,ADJ.

Front 757

resolve

Back 757

N. /决心；解决/determination; firmness of purpose. How dare you question my resolve to take up sky-diving! Of course I haven't changed my mind!

Front 758

resolve

Back 758

V. /决定；安排/decide; settle; solve. Holmes resolved to travel to Bohemia to resolve the dispute between Irene Adler and the king.

Front 759

resonant

Back 759

ADJ. /共鸣的/echoing; resounding; deep and full in sound. The deep, resonant voice of the actor James Earl Jones makes him particularly effective when he appears on stage.

Front 760

respiration

Back 760

N. /呼吸；呼吸作用；呼气/breathing; exhalation. The doctor found that the patient's years of smoking had adversely affected both his lung capacity and his rate of respiration.

Front 761

respite

Back 761

N. /暂缓/interval of relief; time for rest; delay in punish¬ment. After working nonstop on this project for three straight months. I need a respite! For David, the two weeks vaca-tioning in New Zealand were a delightful respite from the pressures of his job.

Front 762

resplendent

Back 762

ADJ. /辉煌的；光辉的/dazzling; glorious; brilliant. While all the adults were commenting how glorious the emperor looked in his resplendent new clothes, one little boy was heard to say, "But he's naked!"

Front 763

responsiveness

Back 763

N. /响应的/state of reacting readily to appeals, orders, etc. The audience cheered and applauded, delight¬ing the performers by its responsiveness.

Front 764

restitution

Back 764

N. /归还；补偿/reparation; indemnification. He offered to make restitution for the window broken by his son.

Front 765

restive

Back 765

ADJ. /焦躁不安的；难以压抑的/restlessly impatient; obstinately resisting con¬trol. Waiting impatiently in line to see Santa Claus, even the best-behaved children grow restive and start to fidget.

Front 766

restraint

Back 766

N. /抑制；控制/moderation or self-control; controlling force; restriction. Control yourself. young lady! Show some restraint!

Front 767

resumption

Back 767

N. /恢复；重新开始/taking up again; recommencement. During summer break, Don had not realized how much he missed university life: at the resumption of classes, however, he felt marked excitement and pleasure. resume,V.

Front 768

resurge

Back 768

V. /复活/rise again; flow to and fro. It was startling to see the spirit of nationalism resurge as the Soviet Union disinte¬grated into a loose federation of ethnic and national groups. resurgence, N.

Front 769

retain

Back 769

V. /保持；使用/keep; employ. Fighting to retain his seat in Con¬gress, Senator Foghorn retained a new manager to head his reelection campaign.

Front 770

retaliation

Back 770

N. /报仇/repayment in kind (usually for bad treat¬ment). Because everyone knew the Princeton Band had stolen Brown's mascot, the whole Princeton student body expected some sort of retaliation from Brown. retaliate,V.

Front 771

retentive

Back 771

ADJ. /保持的；记性好的/holding; having a good memory. The pupil did not need to spend much time studying, for he had a retentive mind and remembered all he read.

Front 772

reticence

Back 772

N. /不动声色的；深藏不露的；沉默寡言的/reserve; uncommunicativeness; inclination to silence. Fearing his competitors might get advance word about his plans from talkative staff members, Hughes pre¬ferred reticence from his employees to loquacity. reticent,ADJ.

Front 773

retinue

Back 773

N. /随行人员；扈从/following; attendants. The queen's retinue fol¬lowed her down the aisle.

Front 774

retiring

Back 774

ADJ. /退休的；谦虚的，害羞的/modest; shy. Given Susan's retiring personal¬ity, no one expected her to take up public speaking; sur¬prisingly enough, she became a star of the school debate team,

Front 775

retort

Back 775

N. /反驳；曲颈甑/quick sharp reply. Even when it was advisable for her to keep her mouth shut, she was always ready with a quick retort. alsoV.

Front 776

retract

Back 776

V. /撤回，撤退/withdraw; take back. When I saw how Fred and his fraternity brothers had trashed the frat house, I decided to retract my offer to let them use our summer cottage for the weekend. retraction, N.

Front 777

retrench

Back 777

V. /裁减，削减；紧缩，节约/cut down; economize. In order to be able to afford to send their children to college, they would have to retrench. retrenchment, N.

Front 778

retribution

Back 778

N. /复仇；补偿；惩罚/vengeance; compensation; punishment for offenses. The evangelist maintained that an angry deity would exact retribution from the sinners.

Front 779

retrieve

Back 779

V. /重新得到；找回/recover; find and bring in. The dog was intelligent and quickly learned to retrieve the game killed by the hunter.

Front 780

retroactive

Back 780

ADJ. /反动的；（法律）追溯的（由制定之日前的某一天生效）/of a law that dates back to a period before its enactment. Because the law was retroactive to the first of the year, we found she was eligible for the pension.

Front 781

retrograde

Back 781

V. /倒退的/go backwards; degenerate. instead of advancing, our civilization seems to have retrograded in ethics and culture. alsoADJ.

Front 782

retrospective

Back 782

ADJ. /回顾的/looking back on the past. The Museum of Graphic Arts is holding a retrospective showing of the paintings of Michael Whelan over the past two decades.

Front 783

revelry

Back 783

N. /狂欢/boisterous merrymaking. New Year's Eve is a night of revelry

Front 784

reverent

Back 784

ADJ. /尊敬的；可敬的/respectful; worshipful. Though I bow my head in church and recite the prayers, sometimes I don't feel properly reverent. revere,V.

Front 785

reverie

Back 785

N. /冥想；发呆；白日梦/daydream; musing. He was awakened from his reverie by the teacher's question.

Front 786

revert

Back 786

V. /回复；故态复萌/relapse; backslide; turn back to. Most of the time Andy seemed sensitive and mature, but occasionally he would revert to his smart-alecky, macho, adolescent self.

Front 787

revile

Back 787

V. /辱骂，谩骂，诽谤/attack with abusive language; vilify. Though most of his contemporaries reviled Captain Kidd as a notorious, bloody-handed pirate, some of his fellow merchant-cap¬tains believed him innocent of his alleged crimes.

Front 788

revoke

Back 788

V. /撤回；取消/cancel; retract. Repeat offenders who continue to drive under the influence of alcohol face having their dri¬ver's licenses permanently revoked.

Front 789

revulsion

Back 789

N. /剧变（情感的）；抽回；收手/sudden violent change of feeling; reaction. Many people in this country who admired dictatorships underwent a revulsion when they realized what Hitler and Mussolini were trying to do.

Front 790

rhapsodize

Back 790

V. /狂热地描述；写狂想文，作狂想曲/to speak or write in an exaggeratedly enthu¬siastic manner. She greatly enjoyed her Hawaiian vacation and rhapsodized about it for weeks.

Front 791

rhetoric

Back 791

N. /说话的学问；花言巧语/art of effective communication; insincere lan¬guage. All writers, by necessity, must be skilled in rhetoric.

Front 792

rhetorical

Back 792

ADJ. /修辞色彩的；花言巧语的/pertaining to effective communication; insincere in language. To win his audience; the speaker used every rhetorical trick in the book.

Front 793

ribald

Back 793

ADJ. /下流的；放荡的；亵渎的/wanton; profane. He sang a ribald song that offended many of the more prudish listeners.

Front 794

riddle

Back 794

V. /刺出无数窟窿，打排孔；充斥，弥漫；通过粗眼筛子过滤；谜语；解决，解释；提出，解谜/pierce with holes; permeate or spread through¬out. With his machine gun, Tracy riddled the car with bullets till it looked like a slice of Swiss cheese. During the proof¬readers' strike, the newspaper was riddled with typos.

Front 795

rider

Back 795

N. /附文；扶手/amendment or clause added to a legislative bill. Senator Foghorn said he would support Senator Filibuster's tax reform bill only if Filibuster agreed to add an antipollu¬tion riderto the bill.

Front 796

rife

Back 796

ADJ. /普遍的/abundant; current. In the face of the many rumors of scandal, which are rife at the moment, it is best to remain silent.

Front 797

rift

Back 797

N. /裂缝；破口/opening; break. The plane was lost in the stormy sky until the pilot saw the city through a rift in the clouds.

Front 798

rig

Back 798

V. /配备；装备/fix or manipulate. The ward boss was able to rig the election by bribing people to stuff the ballot boxes with bal¬lots marked in his candidate's favor.

Front 799

rigid

Back 799

ADJ. /刚硬的；不屈的/stiff and unyielding; strict; hard and unbending. By living with a man to whom she was not married, George Eliot broke Victorian society's most rigid rule of respectable behavior.

Front 800

rigor

Back 800

N. /严格，苛刻；精确/severity. Many settlers could not stand the rigors of the New England winters.

Front 801

rigorous

Back 801

ADJ. /严峻的；严格的；严厉的/severe; harsh; demanding; exact. Disliked by his superiors, the officer candidate in An Officer and a Gen¬tleman endured an extremely rigorous training program.

Front 802

rile

Back 802

V. /激怒/vex; irritate; muddy. Red had a hair-trigger temper: he was an easy man to rile.

Front 803

riveting

Back 803

ADJ. /迷人的/absorbing; engrossing. The reviewer described Byatt's novel Possession as a riveting tale, one so absorbing that he had finished it in a single night.

Front 804

rivulet

Back 804

N. /小溪/small stream. As the rains continued, the small trickle of water running down the hillside grew into a rivulet that threatened to wash away a portion of the slope.

Front 805

robust

Back 805

ADJ. /健壮的/vigorous; strong. After pumping iron and tak¬ing karate for six months, the little old lady was so robust that she could break a plank with her fist.

Front 806

roil

Back 806

V. /搅动（使水变浑）;激怒/to make liquids murky by stirring up sediment. Be careful when you pour not to roil the wine; if you stir up the sediment you'll destroy the flavor.

Front 807

roster

Back 807

N. /列表/list. They print the roster of players in the sea¬son's program.

Front 808

rostrum

Back 808

N. /演讲台；讲道坛/platform for speech-making; pulpit. The crowd murmured angrily and indicated that they did not care to lis¬ten to the speaker who was approaching the rostrum.

Front 809

rote

Back 809

N. /生搬硬套；死记硬背/repetition. He recited the passage by rote and gave no indication he understood what he was saying.

Front 810

rotundity

Back 810

N. /圆形，球状；洪亮的演讲/roundness; sonorousness of speech. Wash¬ington Irving emphasized the rotundity of the governor by describing his height and circumference.

Front 811

rousing

Back 811

ADJ. /活跃的；煽动的/lively; stirring. "And now, let's have a rousing welcome for TV's own Roseanne Barr, who'll lead us in a rousing rendition of 'The Star-Spangled Banner."'

Front 812

rout

Back 812

V. /吓跑；赶出；击退/stampede; drive out. The reinforcements were able to rout the enemy. also N.

Front 813

rubble

Back 813

N. /碎片/broken fragments. Ten years after World War II, some of the rubble left by enemy bombings could still be seen.

Front 814

ruddy

Back 814

ADJ. /红的；红润的，白里透红的；健康的/reddish; healthy-looking. Santa Claus's ruddy cheeks nicely complement Rudolph the Reindeer's bright red nose.

Front 815

rudimentary

Back 815

ADJ. /原始的；最初的；原来的/not developed; elementary; crude. Although my grandmother's English vocabulary was limited to a few rudimentary phrases, she always could make her¬self understood.

Front 816

rue

Back 816

V. /懊悔；后悔；感伤/regret; lament; mourn. Tina rued the night she met Tony and wondered how she ever fell for such a jerk. rueful,ADJ.

Front 817

ruffian

Back 817

N. /流氓；恶棍；痞子/bully; scoundrel. The ruffians threw stones at the police.

Front 818

ruminate

Back 818

V. /反复咀嚼；消化；深思；反刍/chew over and over (mentally, or, like cows, physically); mull over; ponder. Unable to digest quickly the baffling events of the day, Reuben ruminated about them till four in the morning.

Front 819

rummage

Back 819

V. /到处翻寻/ransack; thoroughly search. When we rum¬maged through the trunks in the attic, we found many sou¬venirs of our childhood days. also N.

Front 820

ruse

Back 820

N. /技巧；策略，计谋/trick; stratagem. You will not be able to fool your friends with such an obvious ruse.

Front 821

rustic

Back 821

ADJ. /乡村的；笨拙的，不舒服的/pertaining to country people; uncouth. The backwoodsman looked out of place in his rustic attire.

Front 822

ruthless

Back 822

ADJ. /无情的/pitiless; cruel. Captain Hook was a danger¬ous, ruthless villain who would stop at nothing to destroy Peter Pan.

Front 823

saboteur

Back 823

N. /破坏分子；怠工者/one who commits sabotage; destroyer of property. Members of the Resistance acted as saboteurs, blowing up train lines to prevent supplies from reaching the Nazi army.

Front 824

saccharine

Back 824

ADJ. /糖精的；代糖的；极甜的/cloyingly sweet. She tried to ingratiate herself, speaking sweetly and smiling a saccharine smile.

Front 825

sacrilegious

Back 825

ADJ. /亵渎的，天谴的/desecrating; profane. His stealing of the altar cloth was a very sacrilegious act.

Front 826

sacrosanct

Back 826

ADJ. /非常神圣的/most sacred; inviolable. The brash insur¬ance salesman invaded the sacrosanct privacy of the office of the president of the company.

Front 827

Word List 42

Back 827

sadistic-sentinel

Front 828

sadistic

Back 828

ADJ. /虐待狂的；残忍成性的/inclined to cruelty. If we are to improve condi- tions in this prison, we must first get rid of the sadistic warden.

Front 829

saga

Back 829

N. /斯堪的纳维亚的传说；传奇/Scandinavian myth; any legend. This is a saga of the sea and the men who risk their lives on it.

Front 830

Sagacious

Back 830

ADJ. /有洞察力的/perceptive; shrewd; having insight. My father was a sagacious judge of character: he could spot a phony a mile away. sagacity, N.

Front 831

sage

Back 831

N. /智者；圣人/person celebrated for wisdom. Hearing tales of a mysterious Master of All Knowledge who lived in the hills of Tibet, Sandy was possessed with a burning desire to con¬sult the legendary sage. alsoADJ.

Front 832

salacious

Back 832

ADJ. /好色的；淫荡的/lascivious; lustful. Chaucer's monk is not pious but salacious. a teller of lewd tales and ribald jests.

Front 833

salient

Back 833

ADJ. /显著的；突出的；卓越的/prominent. One of the salient features of that newspaper is its excellent editorial page.

Front 834

salubrious

Back 834

ADJ. /对健康有益的，利于养生的/healthful. Many people with hay fever move to more salubrious sections of the country during the months of August and September.

Front 835

salutary

Back 835

ADJ. /有用的；有益的/tending to improve; beneficial; wholesome. The punishment had a salutary effect on the boy, as he became a model student.

Front 836

salvage

Back 836

V. /补救；抢救；打捞；营救/rescue from loss. All attempts to salvage the wrecked ship failed. also N.

Front 837

salvo

Back 837

N. /解除武装；敬礼；保留条款/discharge of firearms; military salute. The boom of the enemy's opening salvo made the petrified private jump.

Front 838

sanctimonious

Back 838

ADJ. /假正经的；假装神圣的/displaying ostentatious or hypocritical devoutness. You do not have to be so sanctimonious to prove that you are devout.

Front 839

sanction

Back 839

V. /批准，许可/approve; ratify. Nothing will convince me to sanction the engagement of my daughter to such a worth¬less young man.

Front 840

sanctuary

Back 840

N. /避难所/refuge; shelter; shrine; holy place. The tiny attic was Helen's sanctuary to which she fled when she had to get away from the rest of her family.

Front 841

sanguine

Back 841

ADJ. /高兴的；有希望的；乐天的/cheerful; hopeful. Let us not be too san¬guine about the outcome; something could go wrong.

Front 842

sap

Back 842

V. /减少；破坏/diminish; undermine. The element kryptonite has an unhealthy effect on Superman: it saps his strength.

Front 843

sarcasm

Back 843

N. /挖苦；讽刺/scornful remarks; stinging rebuke. Though Ralph pretended to ignore the mocking comments of his supposed friends, their sarcasm wounded him deeply.

Front 844

sardonic

Back 844

ADJ. /讽刺的/disdainful; sarcastic; cynical. The sardonic humor of nightclub comedians who satirize or ridicule patrons in the audience strikes some people as amusing and others as rude.

Front 845

sartorial

Back 845

ADJ. /裁缝的；缝纫机的；缝匠肌的/pertaining to tailors. He was as famous for the sartorial splendor of his attire as he was for his acting.

Front 846

sate

Back 846

V. /使心满意足；使过度满足；使腻/satisfy to the full; cloy. Its hunger sated. the lion dozed.

Front 847

satellite

Back 847

N. /卫星/small body revolving around a larger one. Dur¬ing the first few years of the Space Age, hundreds of satel¬lites were launched by Russia and the United States.

Front 848

satiate

Back 848

V. /完全满足/satisfy fully. Having stuffed themselves until they were satiated, the guests were so full they were ready for a nap.

Front 849

satire

Back 849

N. /讽刺的/form of literature in which irony, sarcasm, and ridicule are employed to attack vice and folly. Gulliver's Travels, which is regarded by many as a tale for children, is actually a bitter satire attacking man's folly.

Front 850

satirical

Back 850

ADJ. /嘲弄的/mocking. The humor of cartoonist Gary Trudeau often is satirical; through the comments of the Doonesbury characters, Trudeau ridicules political corrup¬tion and folly.

Front 851

saturate

Back 851

V. /湿透/soak thoroughly. Saturate your sponge with water until it can't hold any more.

Front 852

saturnine

Back 852

ADJ. /阴郁的/gloomy. Do not be misled by his saturnine countenance; he is not as gloomy as he looks.

Front 853

saunter

Back 853

V. /漫步；闲逛/stroll slowly. As we sauntered through the park, we stopped frequently to admire the spring flowers.

Front 854

savant

Back 854

N. /专家，学者/scholar. Our faculty includes many world¬famous savants.

Front 855

savor

Back 855

V. /有滋有味儿的；享受这种滋味/enjoy; have a distinctive flavor, smell, or quality. Relishing his triumph, the actor especially savored the cha¬grin of the critics who had predicted his failure.

Front 856

savory

Back 856

ADJ. /有味道的；吸引人的/tasty; pleasing, attractive, or agreeable. Julia Child's recipes enable amateur chefs to create savory deli¬cacies for their guests.

Front 857

scabbard

Back 857

N. /剑鞘/case for a sword blade; sheath. The drill mas¬ter told the recruit to wipe the blood from his sword before slipping it back into the scabbard.

Front 858

scad

Back 858

N. /大批的，许多/a great quantity. Refusing Dave's offer to lend him a shirt, Phil replied, "No, thanks, I've got scads of clothes."

Front 859

scaffold

Back 859

N. /脚手架；绞刑架/temporary platform for workers; bracing frame¬work; platform for execution. Before painting the house, the workers put up a scaffold to allow them to work on the sec¬ond story.

Front 860

scale

Back 860

V. /爬升；升高/climb up; ascend. In order to locate a book on the top shelf of the stacks, Lee had to scale an exceptionally rickety ladder.

Front 861

scamp

Back 861

N. /流氓，无赖/rascal. Despite his mischievous behavior, Mal¬colm was such an engaging scamp that his mother almost lacked the heart to punish him.

Front 862

scanty

Back 862

ADJ. /缺乏的；稀疏的/meager; insufficient. Thinking his helping of food was scanty, Oliver Twist asked for more.

Front 863

scapegoat

Back 863

N. /替罪羊/someone who bears the blame for others. After the Challenger disaster, NASA searched for scape¬goats on whom they could cast the blame.

Front 864

scavenge

Back 864

V. /腐食；打扫/hunt through discarded materials for usable items; search, especially for food. If you need car parts that the dealers no longer stock, try scavenging for odd bits and pieces at the auto wreckers' yards. scavenger, N.

Front 865

scenario

Back 865

N. /情节；剧本大纲；（电影、歌剧）剧本/plot outline; screenplay; opera libretto. Scara¬mouche startled the other actors in the commedia troupe when he suddenly departed from their customary scenario and began to improvise.

Front 866

schematic

Back 866

ADJ. /示例的；示意性的/relating to an outline or diagram; using a system of symbols. In working out the solution to this logic puzzle, you may find it helpful to construct a simple schematic diagram outlining the order of events.

Front 867

schism

Back 867

N. /分离/division; split. Let us not widen the schism by further bickering.

Front 868

scintillate

Back 868

V. /迸出火花；发出闪烁/sparkle; flash. I enjoy her dinner parties because the food is excellent and the conversation scintil¬lates.

Front 869

scoff

Back 869

V. /嘲弄，奚落/mock; ridicule. He scoffed at dentists until he had his first toothache.

Front 870

scourge

Back 870

N. /鞭笞；蹂躏/lash; whip; severe punishment. They feared the plague and regarded it as a deadly scourge. alsoV.

Front 871

scruple

Back 871

V. /踌躇；忧郁/fret about; hesitate, for ethical reasons. Fearing that her husband had become involved in an affair, she did not scruple to read his diary. also N.

Front 872

scrupulous

Back 872

ADJ. /小心翼翼的；谨慎的/conscientious; extremely thorough. Though Alfred is scrupulous in fulfilling his duties at work, he is less conscientious about his obligations to his family and friends.

Front 873

scrutinize

Back 873

V. /明察/examine closely and critically. Searching for flaws, the sergeant scrutinized every detail of the private's uniform.

Front 874

scuffle

Back 874

V. /徘徊（思考问题）；混战/struggle confusedly; move off in a confused hurry. The twins briefly scuffled, wrestling to see which of them would get the toy. When their big brother yelled, "Let go of my Gameboy!" they scuffled off down the hall. scurrilous

Hint 874

ADJ. obscene; indecent. Your scurrilous remarks are especially offensive because they are untrue.

Front 875

scurry

Back 875

V. /轻快的；活泼的移动/move briskly. The White Rabbit had to scurry to get to his appointment on time.

Front 876

scurvy

Back 876

ADJ. /下流的；卑鄙的，无理的；坏血病/despicable; contemptible. Peter Pan sneered at Captain Hook and his scurvy crew.

Front 877

scuttle

Back 877

V. /迈着碎步轻快的走/scurry; run with short, rapid steps. The bug scut¬tled rapidly across the floor.

Front 878

scuttle

Back 878

V. /沉没/sink. The sailors decided to scuttle their vessel rather than surrender it to the enemy.

Front 879

seamy

Back 879

ADJ. /丑恶的；露出嘴脸的/sordid; unwholesome. In The Godfather, Michael Corleone is unwilling to expose his wife and chil¬dren to the seamy side of his life as the son of a Mafia don. sear

Hint 879

V. char or burn; brand. Accidentally brushing against the hot grill, she seared her hand badly.

Front 880

seasoned

Back 880

ADJ. /老练的/experienced. Though pleased with her new batch of rookies, the basketball coach wished she had a few more seasoned players on the team.

Front 881

secession

Back 881

N. /撤退；脱离/withdrawal. The secession of the Southern states provided Lincoln with his first major problem after his inauguration. secede,V.

Front 882

seclusion

Back 882

N. /隔离/isolation; solitude. One moment she loved crowds; the next, she sought seclusion. seclude,V.

Front 883

secrete

Back 883

V. /隐匿；藏匿；分泌/hide away; produce and release a substance into an organism. The pack rat secretes odds and ends in its nest; the pancreas secretes insulin in the islets of Langerhans. sect

Hint 883

N. separate religious body; faction. As university chaplain, she sought to address universal religious issues and not limit herself to concerns of any one sect.

Front 884

sectarian

Back 884

ADJ. /宗派主义的；地区主义的；宗派主义者；狭窄的/relating to a religious faction or subgroup; narrow-minded; limited. Far from being broad-minded, the religious leader was intolerant of new ideas, paying atten¬tion only to purely sectarian interests. sect. N.

Front 885

secular

Back 885

ADJ. /世俗的；现世的；永久的/worldly; not pertaining to church matters; temporal. The church leaders decided not to interfere in secular matters.

Front 886

sedate

Back 886

ADJ. /安静的；稳重的；低沉的/composed; grave. The parents were worried because they felt their son was too quiet and sedate.

Front 887

sedentary

Back 887

ADJ. /久坐的；坐惯的/requiring sitting. Disliking the effect of her sedentary occupation on her figure, Stacy decided to work out at the gym every other day.

Front 888

sedition

Back 888

N. /抵抗当局；反抗；暴动/resistance to authority; insubordination. His words, though not treasonous in themselves, were calcu¬lated to arouse thoughts of sedition.

Front 889

sedulous

Back 889

ADJ. /勤奋的；勤勤恳恳的/diligent; hardworking. After weeks of patient and sedulous labor, we completed our detailed analysis of every published SAT examination.

Front 890

seedy

Back 890

ADJ. /破烂不堪的；褴褛的；不合适的/run-down; decrepit; disreputable. I would rather stay in dormitory lodgings in a decent youth hostel than have a room of my own in a seedy downtown hotel.

Front 891

seemly

Back 891

ADJ. /适宜的，合适的/proper; appropriate. Lady Bracknell did not think it was seemly for Ernest to lack a proper family: no baby abandoned on a doorstep could grow up to be a fit match for her daughter.

Front 892

seep

Back 892

V. /渗出；渗漏/ooze; trickle. During the rainstorm, water seeped through the crack in the basement wall and damaged the floor boards. seepage, N.

Front 893

seethe

Back 893

V. /扰乱的；沸腾/be disturbed; boil. The nation was seething with discontent as the noblemen continued their arrogant ways.

Front 894

seismic

Back 894

ADJ. /地震的/pertaining to earthquakes. The Richter scale is a measurement of seismic disturbances.

Front 895

seminary

Back 895

N. /神学院；学院；发祥地/school for training future ministers; academy for young women. Sure of his priestly vocation, Terrence planned to pursue his theological training at the local Roman Catholic seminary.

Front 896

sensual

Back 896

ADJ. /感官的；肉欲的；感官论的/devoted to the pleasures of the senses; car¬nal; voluptuous. I cannot understand what caused him to abandon his sensual way of life and become so ascetic.

Front 897

sententious

Back 897

ADJ. /简洁的；警句式的，格言式的/terse; concise; aphoristic. After reading so many redundant speeches, I find his sententious style particularly pleasing.

Front 898

sentinel

Back 898

N. /哨兵/sentry; lookout. Though camped in enemy terri¬tory, Bledsoe ignored the elementary precaution of posting sentinels around the encampment.

Front 899

sequester

Back 899

V. /隐退；隔离/isolate; retire from public life; segregate; seclude. Banished from his kingdom, the wizard Prospero sequestered himself on a desert island. To prevent the jurors from hearing news broadcasts about the case, the judge decided to sequester the jury.

Front 900

serendipity

Back 900

N. /有发现意外之财的运气/gift for finding valuable or desirable things by accident; accidental good fortune or luck. Many scien¬tific discoveries are a matter of serendipity. Newton was not sitting under a tree thinking about gravity when the apple dropped on his head.

Front 901

serenity

Back 901

N. /平静/calmness; placidity. The sound of air raid sirens pierced the serenity of the quiet village of Pearl Harbor. serpentine

Hint 901

ADJ. winding; twisting. The car swerved at every curve in the serpentine road.

Front 902

serrated

Back 902

ADJ. /锯齿状的/having a sawtoothed edge. The beech tree is one of many plants that have serrated leaves.

Front 903

servile

Back 903

ADJ. /奴隶的；奴性的/slavish; cringing. Constantly fawning on his employer, humble Uriah Heap was a servile creature.

Front 904

servitude

Back 904

N. /奴隶身份；苦工/slavery; compulsory labor. Born a slave, Fred¬erick Douglass resented his life of servitude and plotted to escape to the North.

Front 905

sever

Back 905

V. /切断/cut; separate. The released prisoner wanted to begin a new life and sever all connections with his criminal past. Dr. Guillotin invented a machine that could neatly sever an aristocratic head from its equally aristocratic body. Unfortu¬nately, he couldn't collect any severance pay. severance, N.

Front 906

severity

Back 906

N. /严肃；严格；激烈/harshness; intensity; sternness; austerity. The severity of Jane's migraine attack was so great that she took to her bed for a week.

Front 907

shackle

Back 907

V. /手铐；枷锁；脚镣/chain; fetter. The criminal's ankles were shack¬led to prevent his escape. also N.

Front 908

sham

Back 908

V. /佯装；假的；赝品/pretend. He shammed sickness to get out of going to school. also N.

Front 909

shambles

Back 909

N. /混乱的地方；肉铺/wreck; mess. After the hurricane, the Car¬olina coast was a shambles. After the New Year's Eve party, the apartment was a shambles.

Front 910

shard

Back 910

N. /碎片（陶瓷的）/fragment, generally of pottery. The archaeologist assigned several students the task of reassembling earth¬enware vessels from the shards he had brought back from the expedition.

Front 911

sheaf

Back 911

N. /捆；扎（秸秆）/bundle of stalks of grain; any bundle of things tied together. The lawyer picked up a sheaf of papers as he rose to question the witness.

Front 912

shear

Back 912

V. /剪；修剪/cut or clip (hair, fleece); strip of something. You may not care to cut a sheep's hair, but Sarah shears sheep for Little Bo Peep.

Front 913

sheathe

Back 913

V. /插入鞘/place into a case. As soon as he recognized the approaching men, he sheathed his dagger and hailed them as friends.

Front 914

sheer

Back 914

ADJ. /纯粹的,，绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；避开，躲避；偏航，避开/very thin or transparent; very steep; absolute. Wearing nothing but an almost sheer robe, Delilah draped herself against the sheer temple wall. Beholding her, Sam¬son was overcome by her sheer beauty. Then she sheared his hair.

Front 915

shimmer

Back 915

V. /微光/glimmer intermittently. The moonlight shim¬mered on the water as the moon broke through the clouds for a moment. also N.

Front 916

shirk

Back 916

V. /逃避，推卸；避免/avoid (responsibility, work, etc.); malinger. Brian has a strong sense of duty; he would never shirk any responsibility.

Front 917

shoddy

Back 917

ADJ. /以次充好的；赝品/sham; not genuine; inferior. You will never get the public to buy such shoddy material.

Front 918

shrewd

Back 918

ADJ. /精明；敏锐/clever; astute. A shrewd investor, he took clever advantage of the fluctuations of the stock market.

Front 919

shroud

Back 919

V. /裹尸；隐藏/hide from view; wrap for burial. Fog shrouded Dracula's castle, hiding the ruined tower beneath sheets of mist.

Front 920

shun

Back 920

V. /避免/keep away from. Cherishing his solitude, the recluse shunned the company of other human beings.

Front 921

shyster

Back 921

N. /讼棍；政界的奸诈之徒/lawyer using questionable methods. On L.A. Law, Brackman is horrified to learn that his newly-discov¬ered half brother is nothing but a cheap shyster.

Front 922

sibling

Back 922

N. /兄弟姐妹/brother or sister. We may not enjoy being sib¬lings, but we cannot forget that we still belong to the same family.

Front 923

simian

Back 923

ADJ. /像猴的/monkeylike. Lemurs are nocturnal mammals and have many simian characteristics, although they are less intelligent than monkeys.

Front 924

simile

Back 924

N. /明喻；比较/comparison of one thing with another, using the word like or as. "My love is like a red, red rose" is a simile.

Front 925

simper

Back 925

V. /痴笑；傻笑/smirk; smile affectedly. Complimented on her appearance, Stella self-consciously simpered.

Front 926

Simplistic

Back 926

ADJ. /过分单纯化的/oversimplified. Though Jack's solution dealt adequately with one aspect of the problem, it was simplistic in failing to consider various complications that might arise.

Front 927

simulate

Back 927

V. /模仿；冒充/feign. He simulated insanity in order to avoid punishment for his crime.

Front 928

sinecure

Back 928

N. /闲职，报纸茶水的工作/well-paid position with little responsibility. My job is no sinecure; I work long hours and have much responsibility.

Front 929

sinewy

Back 929

ADJ. /结实；硬朗的/tough; strong and firm. The steak was too sinewy to chew.

Front 930

singular

Back 930

ADJ. /奇的；独一无二的/unique; extraordinary; odd. Though the young man tried to understand Father William's singular behavior, he still found it odd that the old man incessantly stood on his head. singularity, N.

Front 931

sinister

Back 931

ADJ. /邪恶的/evil. We must defeat the sinister forces that seek our downfall.

Front 932

sinuous

Back 932

ADJ. /蜿蜒的；弯曲复杂的；不老实的/winding; bending in and out; not morally hon¬est. The snake moved in a sinuous manner.

Front 933

skeptic

Back 933

N. /怀疑论者/doubter; person who suspends judgment until the evidence supporting a point of view has been exam¬ined. I am a skeptic about the new health plan; I want some proof that it can work. skepticism, N.

Front 934

skiff

Back 934

N. /小船/small, light sailboat or rowboat. Tom dreamed of owning an ocean-going yacht but had to settle for a skiff he could sail in the bay.

Front 935

skimp

Back 935

V. /节约的使用/provide scantily; live very economically. They were forced to skimp on necessities in order to make their limited supplies last the winter.

Front 936

skinflint

Back 936

N. /守财奴；吝啬鬼/stingy person; miser. Scrooge was an ungener¬ous old skinflint until he reformed his ways and became a notable philanthropist.

Front 937

skirmish

Back 937

N. /小规模战争；小打小闹/minor fight. Custer's troops expected they might run into a skirmish or two on maneuvers; they did not expect to face a major battle. alsoV.

Front 938

skulk

Back 938

V. /偷懒；偷偷的移动/move furtively and secretly. He skulked through the less fashionable sections of the city in order to avoid meeting any of his former friends.

Front 939

slacken

Back 939

V. /放松；放慢/slow up; loosen. As they passed the finish line, the runners slackened their pace.

Front 940

slag

Back 940

N. /矿渣；炉渣；渣滓/residue from smelting metal; dross; waste matter. The blast furnace had a special opening at the bottom to allow the workers to remove the worthless slag.

Front 941

slake

Back 941

V. /结束；平息；消除；伺候舒服/quench; sate. When we reached the oasis, we were able to slake our thirst.

Front 942

slander

Back 942

N. /诽谤/defamation; utterance of false and malicious statements. Considering the negative comments politicians make about each other, it's a wonder that more of them aren't sued for slander. alsoV.

Front 943

slapdash

Back 943

ADJ. /匆促的/haphazard; careless; sloppy. From the number of typos and misspellings I've found in it, it's clear that Mario proofread the report in a remarkably slapdash fashion.

Front 944

sleeper

Back 944

N. /睡眠；卧铺；枕木；冬眠的动物/something originally of little value or importance that in time becomes very valuable. Unnoticed by the critics at its publication, the eventual Pulitzer Prize winner was a classic sleeper.

Front 945

sleight

Back 945

N. /灵巧的/dexterity. The magician amazed the audience with his sleight of hand.

Front 946

slight

Back 946

N. /怠慢；斥责；侮辱/insult to one's dignity; snub. Hypersensitive and ready to take offense at any discourtesy, Bertha was always on the lookout for real or imaginary slights. alsoV.

Front 947

slipshod

Back 947

ADJ. /邋遢的；慢吞吞的；漫不经心的/untidy or slovenly; shabby. As a master craftsman, the carpenter prided himself on not doing slip¬shod work.

Front 948

slither

Back 948

V. /滑动/slip or slide. During the recent ice storm, many people slithered down this hill as they walked to the station.

Front 949

slothful

Back 949

ADJ. /懒的/lazy. Lying idly on the sofa while others worked, Reggie denied he was slothful: "I just supervise better lying down."

Front 950

slough

Back 950

V. /脱落；蜕皮/cast off. Each spring, the snake sloughs off its skin.

Front 951

slovenly

Back 951

ADJ. /邋遢的；漫不经心的/untidy; careless in work habits. Unshaven, sitting around in his bathrobe all afternoon, Gus didn't seem to care about the slovenly appearance he presented. The dark ring around the bathtub and the spider webs hanging from the beams proved what a slovenly housekeeper she was.

Front 952

sluggard

Back 952

N. /懒人/lazy person. "You are a sluggard, a drone, a parasite," the angry father shouted at his lazy son.

Front 953

sluggish

Back 953

ADJ. /行动迟缓的/Slow; lazy; lethargic. After two nights without sleep, she felt sluggish and incapable of exertion.

Front 954

slur

Back 954

V. /模糊不清的说/speak indistinctly; mumble. When Sol has too much to drink, he starts to slur his words: "Washamatter? Cansh you undershtand what I shay?"

Front 955

slur

Back 955

N. /诽谤；侮辱/insult to one's character or reputation; slander. Polls revealed that the front-runner's standing had been badly damaged by the slurs and innuendoes circulated by his opponent's staff. also

Hint 955

V. (secondary meaning)

Front 956

smelt

Back 956

V. /冶炼；精炼/melt or blend ores, changing their chemical com¬position. The furnaceman smelts tin with copper to create a special alloy used in making bells.

Front 957

smirk

Back 957

N. /傻笑/conceited smile. Wipe that smirk off your face! alsoV.

Front 958

smolder

Back 958

V. /闷烧；随时准备爆发/burn without flame; be liable to break out at any moment. The rags smoldered for hours before they burst into flame.

Front 959

snicker

Back 959

N. /窃笑/half-stifled laugh. The boy could not suppress a snicker when the teacher sat on the tack. alsoV.

Front 960

snivel

Back 960

V. /流鼻涕；啜泣；鼻子一把泪一把/run at the nose; snuffle; whine. Don't you come sniveling to me complaining about your big brother. sobriety

Hint 960

N. moderation (especially regarding indulgence in alcohol); seriousness. Neither falling-down drunks nor stand-up comics are noted for sobriety. sober,ADJ.

Front 961

sodden

Back 961

ADJ. /湿透的/soaked; dull, as if from drink. He set his sod¬den overcoat near the radiator to dry.

Front 962

sojourn

Back 962

N. /逗留/temporary stay. After his sojourn in Florida, he began to long for the colder climate of his native New Eng¬land home.

Front 963

solace

Back 963

N. /安慰/comfort in trouble. I hope you will find solace in the thought that all of us share your loss.

Front 964

solder

Back 964

V. /焊接/repair or make whole by using a metal alloy. The plumber fixed the leak in the pipes by soldering a couple of joints from which water had been oozing.

Front 965

solecism

Back 965

N. /语法错误；谬误/construction that is flagrantly incorrect gram¬matically. I must give this paper a failing mark because it contains many solecisms.

Front 966

solemnity

Back 966

N. /严肃的；一本正经的/seriousness; gravity. The minister was con¬cerned that nothing should disturb the solemnity of the mar¬riage service. solemn,ADJ.

Front 967

solicit

Back 967

V. /恳求/request earnestly; seek. Knowing she needed to have a solid majority for the budget to pass, the mayor tele¬phoned all the members of the city council to solicit their votes.

Front 968

solicitous

Back 968

ADJ. /担心的；关切的；期望的/worried; concerned. The employer was very solicitous about the health of her employees as replace¬ments were difficult to get.

Front 969

soliloquy

Back 969

N. /自言自语；独白/talking to oneself. The soliloquy is a device used by the dramatist to reveal a character's innermost thoughts and emotions.

Front 970

solitude

Back 970

N. /独身/state of being alone; seclusion. Much depends on how much you like your own company. What to one per¬son seems fearful isolation to another is blessed solitude.

Front 971

soluble

Back 971

ADJ. /可溶解的；可解决的/able to be dissolved; able to be explained. Sugar is soluble in water; put a sugar cube in water and it will quickly dissolve.

Front 972

solvent

Back 972

ADJ. /有偿付能力的/able to pay all debts. By dint of very frugal liv¬ing, he was finally able to become solvent and avoid bank¬ruptcy proceedings.

Front 973

somber

Back 973

ADJ. /阴森的；昏暗的；抑郁的/gloomy; depressing; dark; drab. From the doctor's grim expression, I could tell he had somber news. Dull brown and charcoal gray are pretty somber colors; can't you wear something bright?

Front 974

somnambulist

Back 974

N. /梦游症患者/sleepwalker. The most famous somnam¬bulist in literature is Lady Macbeth; her monologue in the sleepwalking scene is one of the highlights of Shake-speare's play.

Front 975

somnolent

Back 975

ADJ. /催眠的；半睡半醒的/half asleep. The heavy meal and the over¬heated room made us all somnolent and indifferent to the speaker.

Front 976

sonorous

Back 976

ADJ. /醒目的/resonant. His sonorous voice resounded through the hall.

Front 977

sophisticated

Back 977

ADJ. /世故的；复杂的/worldly-wise and urbane; complex. When Sophie makes wisecracks, she thinks she sounds sophisticated, but instead she sounds sophomoric. The new IBM laptop with the butterfly keyboard and the built-in quadspeed FAX modem is a pretty sophisticated machine.

Front 978

sophistry

Back 978

N. /似真实假的/seemingly plausible but fallacious reasoning. Instead of advancing valid arguments, he tried to over¬whelm his audience with a flood of sophistries.

Front 979

sophomoric

Back 979

ADJ. /一知半解的；不成熟的/immature; half-baked, like a sophomore. Even if you're only a freshman, it's no compliment to be told your humor is sophomoric. The humor in Dumb and Dumber is sophomoric at best.

Front 980

soporific

Back 980

ADJ. /催眠的/sleep-causing; marked by sleepiness. Pro¬fessor Pringle's lectures were so soporific that even he fell asleep in class. also N.

Front 981

sordid

Back 981

ADJ. /肮脏；卑鄙/filthy; base; vile. The social worker was angered by the sordid housing provided for the homeless.

Front 982

sovereign

Back 982

ADJ. /君主的；至高无上的/efficacious; supreme or paramount; self¬governing. Professor Pennywhistle claimed his panacea was a sovereign cure for all chronic complaints. In medi¬cine the sovereign task of the doctor is to do no harm. Rebelling against the mother country, the onetime colony now proclaimed itself a sovereign state. also N.

Front 983

spangle

Back 983

N. /衣服上亮晶晶的小金属饰件/small metallic piece sewn to clothing for orna¬mentation. The thousands of spangles on her dress sparkled in the glare of the stage lights.

Front 984

sparse

Back 984

ADJ. /稀少的；稀疏的/not thick; thinly scattered; scanty. No matter how carefully Albert combed his hair to make it look as full as possible, it still looked sparse.

Front 985

spartan

Back 985

ADJ. /刚毅的；朴素的；纪律严格的；斯巴达的/avoiding luxury and comfort; sternly disci¬plined. Looking over the bare, unheated room, with its hard cot, he wondered what he was doing in such spartan quar¬ters. Only his spartan sense of duty kept him at his post.

Front 986

spasmodic

Back 986

ADJ. /断断续续的；间歇的/fitful; periodic. The spasmodic coughing in the auditorium annoyed the performers.

Front 987

spat

Back 987

N. /争论；口角；扇巴掌/squabble; minor dispute. What had started out as a mere spat escalated into a full-blown argument.

Front 988

spate

Back 988

N. /爆发；大洪水；一大群的/sudden flood or strong outburst; a large number or amount. After the spate of angry words that came pour¬ing out of him, Mary was sure they would never be recon¬ciled.

Front 989

spatial

Back 989

ADJ. /空间的/relating to space. NASA is engaged in an ongoing program of spatial exploration. When Jay says he's studying spatial relations, that doesn't mean he has rela-tives in outer space.

Front 990

spatula

Back 990

N. /压舌板；抹刀；批灰刀/broad-bladed instrument used for spreading or mixing. The manufacturers of this frying pan recommend the use of a rubber spatula to avoid scratching the specially treated surface.

Front 991

spawn

Back 991

V. /孵化；下蛋/lay eggs. Fish ladders had to be built in the dams to assist the salmon returning to spawn in their native streams. also N.

Front 992

specious

Back 992

ADJ. /似是而非的/seemingly reasonable but incorrect; mis¬leading (often intentionally). To claim that, because houses and birds both have wings, both can fly, is extremely spe¬cious reasoning.

Front 993

spectrum

Back 993

N. /光谱/colored band produced when beam of light passes through a prism. The visible portion of the spectrum includes red at one end and violet at the other.

Front 994

spendthrift

Back 994

N. /挥霍的人/someone who wastes money. Easy access to credit encourages people to turn into spendthrifts who shop till they drop.

Front 995

sphinx-like

Back 995

ADJ. /谜的/enigmatic; mysterious. The Mona Lisa's sphinx-like expression has intrigued and mystified art lovers for centuries.

Front 996

splice

Back 996

V. /绑定的；联合的/fasten together; unite. Before you splice two strips of tape together, be sure to line them up evenly. also N.

Front 997

spontaneity

Back 997

N. /自发的；自然的；无预谋的/lack of premeditation; naturalness; freedom from constraint. When Anne and Amy met, Amy impulsively hugged her new colleague, but Anne drew back, unpre¬pared for such spontaneity. The cast over-rehearsed the play so much that the eventual performance lacked any spontaneity. spontaneous,ADJ.

Front 998

sporadic

Back 998

ADJ. /零星的/occurring irregularly. Although you can still hear sporadic outbursts of laughter and singing outside, the big Halloween parade has passed; the party's over till next year.

Front 999

sportive

Back 999

ADJ. /嬉戏的；玩闹的/playful. Such a sportive attitude is surprising in a person as serious as you usually are.

Front 1000

spry

Back 1000

ADJ. /充满生气的；活泼的；敏捷的/vigorously active; nimble. She was eighty years old, yet still spry and alert.

Front 1001

spurious

Back 1001

ADJ. /伪造的，欺骗的/false; counterfeit; forged; illogical. The antique dealer hero of Jonathan Gash's mystery novels gives the reader tips on how to tell spurious antiques from the real thing. Natasha's claim to be the lost heir of the Romanoffs was spurious: the only thing Russian about her was the vodka she drank!

Front 1002

spurn

Back 1002

V. /放弃；拒绝/reject; scorn. The heroine spurned the villain's advances.

Front 1003

squabble

Back 1003

N. /争吵/minor quarrel; bickering. Children invariably get involved in petty squabbles; wise parents know when to interfere and when to let the children work things out on their own.

Front 1004

squalor

Back 1004

N. /肮脏；悲惨；贫穷/filth; degradation; dirty, neglected state. Rusted, broken-down cars in its yard, trash piled up on the porch, tar paper peeling from the roof, the shack was the picture of squalor. squalid,ADJ.

Front 1005

squander

Back 1005

V. /浪费/waste. If you squander your allowance on candy and comic books, you won't have any money left to buy the new box of crayons you want.

Front 1006

squat

Back 1006

ADJ. /矮壮的；又短又厚的；蹲着的/stocky; short and thick. Tolkien's hobbits are somewhat squat, sturdy little creatures, fond of good ale, good music, and good mushrooms.

Front 1007

staccato

Back 1007

ADJ. /断奏；断唱/played in an abrupt manner; marked by abrupt sharp sound. His staccato speech reminded one of the sound of a machine gun.

Front 1008

stagnant

Back 1008

ADJ. /静止的；单调的/motionless; stale; dull. Mosquitoes com¬monly breed in ponds of stagnant water. Mike's career was stagnant; it wasn't going anywhere, and neither was he! stagnate,V.

Front 1009

staid

Back 1009

ADJ. /沉静的；安静的/sober; sedate. Her conduct during the funeral ceremony was staid and solemn.

Front 1010

stalemate

Back 1010

N. /僵局/deadlock. Negotiations between the union and the employers have reached a stalemate; neither side is willing to budge from previously stated positions.

Front 1011

stalwart

Back 1011

ADJ. /坚定的；强壮的/strong, brawny; steadfast. His consistent support of the party has proved that he is a stalwart and loyal member. also N.

Front 1012

stamina

Back 1012

N. /毅力；意志力/strength; staying power. I doubt that she has the stamina to run the full distance of the marathon race.

Front 1013

stanch

Back 1013

V. /止血；血流变检测/check flow of blood. It is imperative that we stanch the gushing wound before we attend to the other injuries.

Front 1014

stanza

Back 1014

N. /节；段落（诗的）；盘（棋的）/division of a poem. Do you know the last stanza of "The Star-Spangled Banner"?

Front 1015

static

Back 1015

ADJ. /静态的/unchanging; lacking development. Why watch chess on TV? I like watching a game with action, not some¬thing static where nothing seems to be going on.

Front 1016

statute

Back 1016

N. /法令；条例/law enacted by the legislature. The statute of limitations sets the limits on how long you have to take legal action in specific cases.

Front 1017

steadfast

Back 1017

ADJ. /坚定的；不渝的；忠诚的/loyal; unswerving. Penelope was steadfast in her affections, faithfully waiting for Ulysses to return from his wanderings.

Front 1018

stealth

Back 1018

N. /隐秘；隐藏；隐蔽行动/slyness; sneakiness; secretiveness. Fearing detection by the sentries on duty, the scout inched his way toward the enemy camp with great stealth.

Front 1019

steep

Back 1019

V. /浸泡，弄湿；陡坡；悬崖/soak; saturate. Be sure to steep the fabric in the dyebath for the full time prescribed.

Front 1020

stellar

Back 1020

ADJ. /星体的；恒星的/pertaining to the stars. He was the stellar attraction of the entire performance.

Front 1021

stem

Back 1021

V. /制止流出/check the flow. The paramedic used a tourniquet to stem the bleeding from the slashed artery.

Front 1022

stem from

Back 1022

V. /起因于/arise from. Milton's problems in school stemmed from his poor study habits.

Front 1023

stereotype

Back 1023

N. /老套；一成不变；铅版/fixed and unvarying representation; stan¬dardized mental picture, often reflecting prejudice. Critics object to the character of Jim in The Adventures of Huckle¬berry Finn because he seems to reflect the stereotype of the happy, ignorant slave.

Front 1024

stifle

Back 1024

V. /使窒息；扑灭/suppress; extinguish; inhibit. Halfway through the boring lecture, Laura gave up trying to stifle her yawns.

Front 1025

stigma

Back 1025

N. /耻辱；耻辱的标记；柱头；气门/token of disgrace; brand. I do not attach any stigma to the fact that you were accused of this crime; the fact that you were acquitted clears you completely.

Front 1026

stigmatize

Back 1026

V. /打烙印；污蔑/brand; mark as wicked. I do not want to stig¬matize this young offender for life by sending her to prison.

Front 1027

stilted

Back 1027

ADJ. /夸大的；充气的；虚胖的；踩高跷的/bombastic; inflated. His stilted rhetoric did not impress the college audience; they were immune to bom¬bastic utterances.

Front 1028

stint

Back 1028

N. /供应；分配；限量分配/supply; allotted amount; assigned portion of work. He performed his daily stint cheerfully and willingly. alsoV.

Front 1029

stint

Back 1029

V. /紧缩，节省/be thrifty; set limits. "Spare no expense," the bride's father said, refusing to stint on the wedding arrange¬ments.

Front 1030

stipend

Back 1030

N. /薪金；津贴/pay for services. There is a nominal stipend for this position.

Front 1031

stipulate

Back 1031

V. /规定；明细化/make express conditions; specify. Before agreeing to reduce American military forces in Europe, the president stipulated that NATO inspection teams be allowed to inspect Soviet bases.

Front 1032

stodgy

Back 1032

ADJ. /乏味的；保守的/stuffy; boringly conservative. For a young per¬son, Winston seems remarkably stodgy: you'd expect someone his age to show a little more life.

Front 1033

Stoic

Back 1033

ADJ. impassive; unmoved by joy or grief. I wasn't par¬ticularly stoic when I had my flu shot; I squealed like a stuck pig. also N.

Front 1034

stoke

Back 1034

V. /填饱；司炉/stir up a fire; feed plentifully. As a Scout Marisa learned how to light a fire, how to stoke it if it started to die down, and how to extinguish it completely.

Front 1035

stolid

Back 1035

ADJ. /乏味的；单调的；冷漠的/dull; impassive. The earthquake shattered Stu¬art's usual stolid demeanor; trembling, he crouched on the no longer stable ground.

Front 1036

stratagem

Back 1036

N. /计谋；战略/deceptive scheme. We saw through his clever stratagem.

Front 1037

stratify

Back 1037

V. /分门别类；分类；分层/divide into classes; be arranged into strata. As the economic gap between the rich and the poor increased, Roman society grew increasingly stratified.

Front 1038

stratum

Back 1038

N. /地层；社会阶层/layer of earth's surface; layer of society. Unless we alleviate conditions in the lowest stratum of our society, we may expect grumbling and revolt.

Front 1039

strew

Back 1039

V. /散开；随意散开；散播/spread randomly; sprinkle; scatter. Preceding the bride to the altar, the flower girl will strew rose petals along the aisle.

Front 1040

striated

Back 1040

ADJ. /有细条纹的/marked with parallel bands; grooved. The glacier left many striated rocks. striate,V.

Front 1041

stricture

Back 1041

N. /责难；非难；限制/restriction; adverse criticism. Huck regularly disobeyed Miss Watson's rules and strictures upon his behavior: he wouldn't wear shoes, no matter what she said.

Front 1042

strident

Back 1042

ADJ. /刺耳的；尖锐的；坚持不懈的/loud and harsh; insistent. Whenever Sue became angry, she tried not to raise her voice; she had no desire to appear strident.

Front 1043

stringent

Back 1043

ADJ. /严厉的；迫切的/binding; rigid. I think these regulations are too stringent.

Front 1044

strut

Back 1044

N. /大摇大摆；高视阔步/pompous walk; swagger. Looking at his self¬important strut as he swaggered about the parade ground, I could tell Colonel Blimp thought highly of himself. alsoV.

Front 1045

strut

Back 1045

N. /支柱/supporting bar. The engineer calculated that the strut supporting the rafter needed to be reinforced. (sec¬ondary meaning)

Front 1046

studied

Back 1046

ADJ. /有计划的；故意的；有想法的/not spontaneous; deliberate; thoughtful. Given Jill's previous slights, Jack felt that the omission of his name from the guest list was a studied insult.

Front 1047

stultify

Back 1047

V. /使徒劳；使显得愚笨；拆台，办难堪/cause to appear or become stupid or inconsis¬tent; frustrate or hinder. His long hours in the blacking fac¬tory left young Dickens numb and incurious, as if the menial labor had stultified his brain.

Front 1048

stupefy

Back 1048

V. /使麻木；使大吃一惊/make numb; stun; amaze. Disapproving of drugs in general, Laura refused to take sleeping pills or any other medicine that might stupefy her. stupefaction, N.

Front 1049

stupor

Back 1049

N. /冷漠；漠不关心/state of apathy; daze; lack of awareness. In his stupor, the addict was unaware of the events taking place around him.

Front 1050

stymie

Back 1050

V. /从中作梗；桩子；障碍物/present an obstacle; stump. The detective was stymied by the contradictory evidence in the robbery inves¬tigation. also N.

Front 1051

suavity

Back 1051

N. /柔和；愉快；温和/banity; polish. The elegant actor is particularly good in roles that require suavity and sophistication.

Front 1052

subdued

Back 1052

ADJ. /屈服的；柔和的；减弱的/less intense; quieter. Bob liked the subdued lighting at the restaurant because he thought it was roman¬tic. I just thought it was dimly lit.

Front 1053

subjective

Back 1053

ADJ. /主观的；个人的/occurring or taking place within the subject; unreal. Your analysis is highly subjective; you have permit¬ted your emotions and your opinions to color your thinking.

Front 1054

subjugate

Back 1054

V. /征服/conquer; bring under control. It is not our aim to subjugate our foe; we are interested only in establishing peaceful relations.

Front 1055

sublime

Back 1055

ADJ. /庄严的；崇高的；壮观的/exalted or noble and uplifting; utter. Lucy was in awe of Desi's sublime musicianship, while he was in awe of her sublime naiveté.

Front 1056

subliminal

Back 1056

ADJ. /低于极限的；下意识的/below the threshold. We may not be aware of the subliminal influences that affect our thinking.

Front 1057

submissive

Back 1057

ADJ. /屈服的；胆怯的/yielding; timid. When he refused to permit Elizabeth to marry her poet, Mr. Barrett expected her to be properly submissive; instead, she eloped!

Front 1058

subordinate

Back 1058

ADJ. /低级的；下级的；次要的/occupying a lower rank; inferior; submis¬sive. Bishop Proudie's wife expected all the subordinate clergy to behave with great deference to the wife of their superior.

Front 1059

suborn

Back 1059

V. /教唆/persuade to act unlawfully (especially to commit perjury). In The Godfather, the mobsters used bribery and threats to suborn the witnesses against Don Michael Cor-leone.

Front 1060

subpoena

Back 1060

N. /传票/writ summoning a witness to appear. The prosecutor's office was ready to serve a subpoena on the reluctant witness. alsoV.

Front 1061

subsequent

Back 1061

ADJ. /后来的；接下来的/following; later. In subsequent lessons, we shall take up more difficult problems.

Front 1062

subservient

Back 1062

ADJ. /奴隶似的；奴性的/behaving like a slave; servile; obse¬quious. He was proud and dignified; he refused to be sub¬servient to anyone.

Front 1063

subside

Back 1063

V. /下沉；平息；减退/settle down; descend; grow quiet. The doctor assured us that the fever would eventually subside.

Front 1064

subsidiary

Back 1064

ADJ. /次要的；辅助的/subordinate; secondary. This information may be used as subsidiary evidence but is not sufficient by itself to prove your argument. also N.

Front 1065

subsidy

Back 1065

N. /政府的补助/direct financial aid by government, etc. Without this subsidy, American ship operators would not be able to compete in world markets.

Front 1066

subsistence

Back 1066

N. /存在；生存/existence; means of support; livelihood. In these days of inflated prices, my salary provides a mere subsistence.

Front 1067

substantial

Back 1067

ADJ. /坚实的；充实的/ample; solid; in essentials. The generous scholarship represented a substantial sum of money.

Front 1068

substantiate

Back 1068

V. /证实；验证/establish by evidence; verify; support. These endorsements from satisfied customers substantiate our claim that Barron's How to Prepare for the SAT I is the best SAT-prep book on the market.

Front 1069

substantive

Back 1069

ADJ. /真实的；有实质的；大量的/essential; pertaining to the substance. Although the delegates were aware of the importance of the problem, they could not agree on the substantive issues.

Front 1070

subterfuge

Back 1070

N. /借口；托辞/pretense; evasion. As soon as we realized that you had won our support by a subterfuge, we withdrew our endorsement of your candidacy.

Front 1071

subtlety

Back 1071

N. /精明；稀薄；微妙/perceptiveness; ingenuity; delicacy. Never obvious, she expressed herself with such subtlety that her remarks went right over the heads of most of her audience. subtle,ADJ.

Front 1072

subversive

Back 1072

ADJ. /颠覆性的；破坏性的/tending to overthrow; destructive. At first glance, the notion that styrofoam cups may actually be more ecologically sound than paper cups strikes most envi¬ronmentalists as subversive.

Front 1073

succinct

Back 1073

ADJ. /简洁的；紧身的/brief; terse; compact. Don't bore your audi ence with excess verbiage: be succinct.

Front 1074

succor

Back 1074

V. /救援；援助/aid; assist; comfort. If you believe that con man has come here to succor you in your hour of need, you're an even bigger sucker than I thought. also N.

Front 1075

succulent

Back 1075

ADJ. /多汁的/juicy; full of richness. To some people, Florida citrus fruits are more succulent than those from Cali¬fornia. also N.

Front 1076

succumb

Back 1076

V. /屈服；屈从；死/yield; give in; die. I succumb to temptation whenever I see chocolate.

Front 1077

suffragist

Back 1077

N. /扩大参政权；扩大妇女参政权/advocate of voting rights (for women). In recognition of her efforts to win the vote for women, Con¬gress authorized coining a silver dollar honoring the suf¬fragistSusan B. Anthony

Front 1078

sully

Back 1078

V. /弄脏；玷污/tarnish; soil. He felt that it was beneath his dignity to sully his hands in such menial labor.

Front 1079

sultry

Back 1079

ADJ. /闷热的，酷热的；放荡的；粗暴的/sweltering. He could not adjust himself to the sultryclimate of the tropics.

Front 1080

summation

Back 1080

N. /结算；累计；总结/act of finding the total; summary. In his summation, the lawyer emphasized the testimony given by the two witnesses.

Front 1081

summit

Back 1081

N. /巅峰；顶点/utmost height or pinnacle; highest point (of a mountain, etc.) The summit of the amateur mountain climber's aspirations was someday to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

Front 1082

sumptuous

Back 1082

ADJ. /奢侈的；华丽的/lavish; rich. I cannot recall when I have had such a sumptuous Thanksgiving feast.

Front 1083

sunder

Back 1083

V. /分裂/separate; part. Northern and southern Ireland are politically and religiously sundered.

Front 1084

supercilious

Back 1084

ADJ. /自大的；傲慢的/arrogant; condescending; patronizing. The supercilious headwaiter sneered at customers whom he thought did not fit in at a restaurant catering to an ultra-fashionable crowd.

Front 1085

superficial

Back 1085

ADJ. /肤浅的；浅薄的/trivial; shallow. Since your report gave only a superficial analysis of the problem, I cannot give you more than a passing grade.

Front 1086

superfluous

Back 1086

ADJ. /不必要的；多余的/unnecessary; excessive; overabundant. Betsy lacked the heart to tell June that the wedding present she brought was superfluous; she and Bob had already received five toasters. Please try not to include so many superfluous details in your report; just give me the facts. superfluity, N.

Front 1087

superimpose

Back 1087

V. /添加/place over something else. Your attempt to superimpose another agency in this field will merely increase the bureaucratic nature of our government.

Front 1088

supersede

Back 1088

V. /取代；推迟/cause to be set aside; replace; make obso¬lete. The new bulk mailing postal regulation supersedes the old one. If you continue to follow the old regulation, your bulk mailing will be returned to you.

Front 1089

supplant

Back 1089

V. /篡位；取代/replace; usurp. Bolingbroke, later to be known as King Henry IV, fought to supplant his cousin, Richard III, as King of England.

Front 1090

supple

Back 1090

ADJ. /柔顺的；顺从的；柔韧的/flexible; pliant. Years of yoga exercises made Grace's body supple.

Front 1091

supplicate

Back 1091

V. /恳求；祈祷/petition humbly; pray to grant a favor. We supplicate Your Majesty to grant him amnesty.

Front 1092

supposition

Back 1092

N. /假定；假想/hypothesis; the act of supposing. I based my decision to confide in him on the supposition that he would be discreet. suppose,V.

Front 1093

suppress

Back 1093

V. /镇压；抑制；查禁/stifle; overwhelm; subdue; inhibit. Too polite to laugh in anyone's face, Roy did his best to suppress his amusement at Ed's inane remark.

Front 1094

surfeit

Back 1094

V. /饮食过度；恶心/satiate; stuff; indulge to excess in anything. Every Thanksgiving we are surfeited with an overabun¬dance of holiday treats. also N.

Front 1095

surly

Back 1095

ADJ. /粗暴的；阴沉的；板着脸的；无礼的/rude; cross. Because of his surly attitude, many people avoided his company.

Front 1096

surmise

Back 1096

V. /猜测/guess. I surmise that he will be late for this meeting. also N.

Front 1097

surmount

Back 1097

V. /克服/overcome. Could Helen Keller, blind and deaf since childhood, surmount her physical disabilities and lead a productive life?

Front 1098

surpass

Back 1098

V. /超越/exceed. Her SAT I scores surpassed our expectations.

Front 1099

surreptitious

Back 1099

ADJ. /暗中的；秘密的/secret; furtive; sneaky; hidden. Hoping to discover where his mom had hidden the Christmas pre¬sents, Timmy took a surreptitious peek into the master bed¬room closet.

Front 1100

surrogate

Back 1100

N. /代理；代替/substitute. For a fatherless child, a male teacher may become a father surrogate.

Front 1101

surveillance

Back 1101

N. /监视；监督/watching; guarding. The FBI kept the house under constant surveillance in the hope of capturing all the criminals at one time,

Front 1102

susceptible

Back 1102

ADJ. /易受影响的；易感动的；易患病的/impressionable; easily influenced; having little resistance, as to a disease; receptive to. Said the patent medicine man to his very susceptible customer: "Buy this new miracle drug, and you will no longer be sus¬ceptible to the common cold."

Front 1103

sustain

Back 1103

V. /支撑；延续/experience; support; nourish. He sustained such a severe injury that the doctors feared he would be unable to work to sustain his growing family.

Front 1104

sustenance

Back 1104

N. /食物；生计/means of support, food, nourishment. In the tropics, the natives find sustenance easy to obtain, due to all the fruit trees.

Front 1105

suture

Back 1105

N. /缝合；缝合处/stitches sewn to hold the cut edges of a wound or incision; material used in sewing. We will remove the sutures as soon as the wound heals. alsoV.

Front 1106

swagger

Back 1106

V. /大摇大摆；自大/behave arrogantly or pompously; strut or walk proudly. The conquering hero didn't simply stride down the street; he swaggered. also N.

Front 1107

swarm

Back 1107

N. /一大群；挤满，占满，蜂拥/dense moving crowd; large group of honey¬bees. At the height of the city hall scandals, a constant swarm of reporters followed the mayor everywhere. alsoV.

Front 1108

swarthy

Back 1108

ADJ. /暗的；有雾的/dark; dusky. Despite the stereotypes, not all Italians are swarthy, many are fair and blond.

Front 1109

swathe

Back 1109

V. /包装物；绷带/wrap around; bandage. When I visited him in the hospital, I found him swathed in bandages.

Front 1110

swelter

Back 1110

V. /闷热；中暑/be oppressed by heat. I am going to buy an air conditioning unit for my apartment as I do not intend to swelter through another hot and humid summer.

Front 1111

swerve

Back 1111

V. /转向；突然转向/deviate; turn aside sharply. The car swerved wildly as the driver struggled to regain control of the wheel.

Front 1112

swill

Back 1112

V. /痛饮/drink greedily. Singing "Yo, ho, ho, and a bottle of rum," Long John Silver and his fellow pirates swilled their grog.

Front 1113

swindler

Back 1113

N. /骗子/cheat. She was gullible and trusting, an easy victim for the first swindler who came along.

Front 1114

sybarite

Back 1114

N. /纵情逸乐之徒/lover of luxury. Rich people are not always sybarites; some of them have little taste for a life of luxury.

Front 1115

sycophant

Back 1115

N. /马屁精；阿谀奉承者/servile flatterer; bootlicker; yes man. Fed up with the toadies and flunkies who made up his entourage, the star cried, "Get out, all of you! I'm sick of sycophants!" sycophancy, N.

Front 1116

symbiosis

Back 1116

N. /共生现象/interdependent relationship (between groups, species), often mutually beneficial. Both the croco¬dile bird and the crocodile derive benefit from their symbio¬sis: pecking away at food particles embedded in the crocodile's teeth, the bird receives nourishment; the croco¬dile, meanwhile, receives proper dental hygiene. symbiotic,ADJ.

Front 1117

symmetry

Back 1117

N. /对称；匀称/arrangement of parts so that balance is obtained; congruity. Something lopsided by definition lacks symmetry.

Front 1118

synoptic

Back 1118

ADJ. /概要的/providing a general overview; summary. The professor turned to the latest issue of Dissertation Abstracts for a synoptic account of what was new in the field. synop¬SiS, N.

Front 1119

synthesis

Back 1119

N. /合成/combining parts into a whole. Now that we have succeeded in isolating this drug, our next problem is to plan its synthesis in the laboratory. synthesize,V.

Front 1120

table

Back 1120

V. /搁置/set aside a resolution or proposal for future con¬sideration. Because we seem unable to agree on this issue at the moment, let us table the motion for now and come back to it at a later date.

Front 1121

tacit

Back 1121

ADJ. /默许的；会意的/understood; not put into words. We have a tacit agreement based on only a handshake.

Front 1122

taciturn

Back 1122

ADJ. /沉默寡言的/habitually silent; talking little. The stereotypi¬cal cowboy is a taciturn soul, answering lengthy questions with a "Yep" or "Nope."

Front 1123

tactile

Back 1123

ADJ. /触觉的/pertaining to the organs or sense of touch. His callused hands had lost their tactile sensitivity.

Front 1124

taint

Back 1124

V. /污染，感染；污点/contaminate; cause to lose purity; modify with a trace of something bad. One speck of dirt on your utensils may contain enough germs to taint an entire batch of preserves.

Front 1125

talisman

Back 1125

N. /护身符；避邪物/charm to bring good luck and avert misfortune. Joe believed the carved pendant he found in Vietnam served him as a talisman and brought him safely through the war.

Front 1126

talon

Back 1126

N. /鸟爪/claw of bird. The falconer wore a leather gauntlet to avoid being clawed by the hawk's talons.

Front 1127

tangential

Back 1127

ADJ. /外围的；切线的/peripheral; only slightly connected; digressing. Despite Clark's attempts to distract her with tan¬gential remarks, Lois kept on coming back to her main question: why couldn't he come out to dinner with Super¬man and her?

Front 1128

tangible

Back 1128

ADJ. /可触摸的；真实的/able to be touched; real; palpable. Although Tom did not own a house, he had several tangible assets-a car, a television, a PC-that he could sell if he needed cash.

Front 1129

tanner

Back 1129

N. /皮革工人；6便士/person who turns animal hides into leather. Using a solution of tanbark, the tannertreated the cowhide, transforming it into supple leather.

Front 1130

tantalize

Back 1130

V. /逗弄；使其干着急/tease; torture with disappointment. Tom loved to tantalize his younger brother with candy; he knew the boy was forbidden to have it.

Front 1131

tantamount

Back 1131

ADJ. /同等的/equivalent in effect or value. Though Rudy claimed his wife was off visiting friends, his shriek of horror when she walked into the room was tantamount to a confession that he believed she was dead.

Front 1132

tantrum

Back 1132

N. /发脾气；暴怒/fit of petulance; caprice. The child learned that he could have almost anything if he had a tantrum.

Front 1133

tarantula

Back 1133

N. /毒蜘蛛/venomous spider. We need an antitoxin to counteract the bite of the tarantula.

Front 1134

tarry

Back 1134

V. /等候；逗留；混日子/delay; dawdle. We can't tarry if we want to get to the airport on time.

Front 1135

taut

Back 1135

ADJ. /紧张的；整洁的/tight; ready. The captain maintained that he ran a taut ship.

Front 1136

tautological

Back 1136

ADJ. /同义反复的/needlessly repetitious. In the sentence "It was visible to the eye, " the phrase "to the eye" is tautological.

Front 1137

tautology

Back 1137

N. /同义反复/unnecessary repetition. "Joyful happiness" is an illustration of tautology.

Front 1138

tawdry

Back 1138

ADJ. /俗丽的；便宜且华而不实/cheap and gaudy. He won a few tawdry trin¬kets in Coney Island.

Front 1139

tedious

Back 1139

ADJ. /令人厌倦的/boring; tiring. The repetitious nature of work on the assembly line made Martin's job very tedious. tedium, N.

Front 1140

temerity

Back 1140

N. /鲁莽的/boldness; rashness. Do you have the temerity to argue with me?

Front 1141

temper

Back 1141

V. /中和；回火；调剂；锻炼/moderate; tone down or restrain; toughen (steel). Not even her supervisor's grumpiness could temper Nancy's enthusiasm for her new job.

Front 1142

temperament

Back 1142

N. /气质；性情/characteristic frame of mind; disposition; emotional excess. Although the twins look alike, they differ markedly in temperament: Todd is calm, but Rod is excitable.

Front 1143

temperate

Back 1143

ADJ. /节制的；自我控制的/restrained; self-controlled; moderate in respect to temperature. Try to be temperate in your eating this holiday season; if you control your appetite, you won't gain too much weight.

Front 1144

tempestuous

Back 1144

ADJ. /有暴风雨的；暴乱的/stormy; impassioned; violent. Racket¬throwing tennis star John McEnroe was famed for his dis¬plays of tempestuous temperament.

Front 1145

tempo

Back 1145

N. /节奏，乐曲的速度/speed of music. I find the band's tempo too slow for such a lively dance.

Front 1146

temporal

Back 1146

ADJ. /暂时的/not lasting forever; limited by time; secular. At onetime in our history, temporal rulers assumed that they had been given their thrones by divine right.

Front 1147

temporize

Back 1147

V. /拖延时间；见风使舵/avoid commiting oneself; gain time. I cannot permit you to temporize any longer; I must have a definite answer today.

Front 1148

tenacious

Back 1148

ADJ. /顽强的/holding fast. I had to struggle to break his tenacious hold on my arm.

Front 1149

tenacity

Back 1149

N. /坚韧/firmness; persistence. Jean Valjean could not believe the tenacity of Inspector Javert. Here all Valjean had done was to steal a loaf of bread, and the inspector had pursued him doggedly for twenty years!

Front 1150

tendentious

Back 1150

ADJ. /偏见的；有目标的；预计好的/having an aim; biased; designed to fur¬ther a cause. The editorials in this periodical are tenden¬tious rather than truth-seeking.

Front 1151

tender

Back 1151

V. /提供；扩充/offer; extend. Although no formal charges had been made against him, in the wake of the recent scandal the mayor felt he should tender his resignation.

Front 1152

tenet

Back 1152

N. /原则；信条/doctrine; dogma. The agnostic did not accept the tenets of their faith.

Front 1153

tensile

Back 1153

ADJ. /可伸展的；可拉长的/capable of being stretched. Mountain climbers must know the tensile strength of their ropes. tentative

Hint 1153

ADJ. hesitant; not fully worked out or developed; experimental; not definite or positive. Unsure of his wel¬come at the Christmas party, Scrooge took a tentative step into his nephew's drawing room.

Front 1154

tenuous

Back 1154

ADJ. /纤细的/thin; rare; slim. The allegiance of our allies is held by rather tenuous ties.

Front 1155

tenure

Back 1155

N. /任期；（土地的）使用年限/holding of an office; time during which such an office is held. He has permanent tenure in this position and cannot be fired.

Front 1156

tepid

Back 1156

ADJ. /冷淡的；微热的/lukewarm. During the summer, I like to take a tepid bath, not a hot one.

Front 1157

termination

Back 1157

N. /结束/end. Though the time for termination of the project was near, we still had a lot of work to finish before we shut up shop. terminate,V.

Front 1158

terminology

Back 1158

N. /术语学/terms used in a science or art. The special terminology developed by some authorities in the field has done more to confuse the layman than to enlighten him. terminus

Hint 1158

N. last stop of railroad. After we reached the rail¬road terminus, we continued our journey into the wilderness on saddle horses.

Front 1159

terrestrial

Back 1159

ADJ. /地的；地球的/earthly (as opposed to celestial); pertaining to the land. In many science fiction films, alien invaders from outer space plan to destroy all terrestrial life.

Front 1160

terse

Back 1160

ADJ. /简洁；扼要的/concise; abrupt; pithy. There is a fine line between speech that is terse and to the point and speech that is too abrupt.

Front 1161

testy

Back 1161

ADJ. /易怒的/irritable; short-tempered. My advice is to avoid discussing this problem with him today as he is rather testy and may shout at you.

Front 1162

tether

Back 1162

V. /用绳子绑；范围/tie with a rope. Before we went to sleep, we teth¬ered the horses to prevent their wandering off during the night.

Front 1163

thematic

Back 1163

ADJ. /主题的；主题相关的/relating to a unifying motif or idea. Those who think of Moby Dick as a simple adventure story about whaling miss its underlying thematic import.

Front 1164

theocracy

Back 1164

N. /神权政治/government run by religious leaders. Though some Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower favored the establish¬ment of a theocracy in New England, many of their fellow voyagers preferred a nonreligious form of government.

Front 1165

theoretical

Back 1165

ADJ. /理论的/not practical or applied; hypothetical. Bob was better at applied engineering and computer program¬ming than he was at theoretical physics and math. While I can still think of some theoretical objections to your plan, you've convinced me of its basic soundness.

Front 1166

therapeutic

Back 1166

ADJ. /治疗的；治疗学的/curative. Now better known for its race¬track, Saratoga Springs first gained attention for the thera¬peutic qualities of its famous "healing waters." therapy, N.

Front 1167

thermal

Back 1167

ADJ. /热的；热学的/pertaining to heat. The natives discovered that the hot springs made excellent thermal baths and began to develop their community as a health resort. also N.

Front 1168

thespian

Back 1168

ADJ. /戏剧的/pertaining to drama. Her success in the school play convinced her she was destined for a thespian career. also N.

Front 1169

threadbare

Back 1169

ADJ. /褴褛的；破烂不堪的/worn through till the threads show; shabby and poor. The poor adjunct professor hid the threadbare spots on his jacket by sewing leather patches on his sleeves.

Front 1170

thrifty

Back 1170

ADJ. /节省的；抠包的/careful about money; economical. A thrifty shopper compares prices before making major purchases.

Front 1171

thrive

Back 1171

V. /繁荣；昌盛/prosper; flourish. Despite the impact of the reces¬sion on the restaurant trade, Philip's cafe thrived.

Front 1172

throes

Back 1172

N. /剧痛/violent anguish. The throes of despair can be as devastating as the spasms accompanying physical pain.

Front 1173

throng

Back 1173

N. /聚集/crowd. Throngs of shoppers jammed the aisles. alsoV.

Front 1174

thwart

Back 1174

V. /阻碍；挫败/baffle; frustrate. He felt that everyone was trying to thwart his plans and prevent his success.

Front 1175

tightwad

Back 1175

N. /吝啬鬼/excessively frugal person; miser. Jill called Jack a tightwad because he never picked up the check.

Front 1176

tiller

Back 1176

N. /舵柄；农夫/handle used to move boat's rudder (to steer). Fearing the wind might shift suddenly and capsize the skiff, Tom kept one hand on the tiller at all times.

Front 1177

timidity

Back 1177

N. /胆怯/lack of self-confidence or courage. If you are to succeed as a salesman, you must first lose your timidity and fear of failure.

Front 1178

timorous

Back 1178

ADJ. /害怕的/fearful; demonstrating fear. His timorous manner betrayed the fear he felt at the moment.

Front 1179

tirade

Back 1179

N. /长篇慷慨激昂的演说/extended scolding; denunciation; harangue. Every time the boss holds a meeting, he goes into a lengthy tirade, scolding us for everything from tardiness to padding our expenses.

Front 1180

titanic

Back 1180

ADJ. /巨大的/gigantic. Titanic waves beat against the majes¬tic S.S. Titanic, driving it against the concealed iceberg.

Front 1181

title

Back 1181

N. /名字；等级；拥有权/right or claim to possession; mark of rank; name (of a book, film, etc.). Though the penniless Duke of Ragwort no longer held title to the family estate, he still retained his title as head of one of England's oldest families.

Front 1182

titter

Back 1182

N. /神经质的笑/nervous laugh. Her aunt's constant titter nearly drove her mad. alsoV.

Front 1183

titular

Back 1183

ADJ. /有名无实的/nominal holding of title without obligations. Although he was the titular head of the company, the real decisions were made by his general manager.

Front 1184

toady

Back 1184

N. /谄媚的人；马屁精/servile flatterer; yes man. Never tell the boss any¬thing he doesn't wish to hear: he doesn't want an indepen¬dent adviser, he just wants a toady. alsoV.

Front 1185

tome

Back 1185

N. /册；卷/large volume. He spent much time in the libraries poring over ancient tomes.

Front 1186

tonic

Back 1186

ADJ. /精神充沛的/invigorating; refreshing. The tart homemade ginger ale had a tonic effect on Kit: she perked right up. also N.