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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Filiform papillae
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Lung Qi and Min Meng fire
Most numerous and smallest papillae on the tongue, distributed over the tongue |
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Fungiform papillae
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formed by Heart and Kidney Qi
Mostly seen on tip of the tongue and scattered among the filiform papillae |
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Circumvallate papillae
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Largest papillae, seven to nine in number, arranged in a V-shape sulcus terminalis which seperates the tongue body from the tongue rot
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Tongue Body
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Spirit
Color Shape Bearing Hypoglossal vessels |
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Tongue coating
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Coating color
Coating properties |
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Color: Pale Tongue
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Cold syndrome: moist
Yang def: enlarged and moist Qi and blood def: thin and small lighter than normal or even bloodless insufficient blood to fill in the tongue body |
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Color: Red Tongue
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Heat syndrome
External heat: slight red or red on tip and edge Internal heat: -excess heat : red and tough tongue with thick dry coating -def heat: red (with cracks) tongue with little coating heat accelerates Blood movement, which fills up the vessels |
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Color: Crimson Tongue
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Heat syndromes
-Exogenous febrile disease : scolic fever, heat in blood, scarlet fever -Yin def or exhausted: dry and small, without coating -Blood stagnation: with purple color Heat concentrates and accelerates the movement of Blood |
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Color: Purple Tongue
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Cold syndrome: pale purple
Blood stagnation: dark purple Extreme heat: crimson purple blood stagnates and accumulates in the tongue body |
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Color: Bluish tongue
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Pathogenic cold accumulation
Blood stagnation Cold constricts vessels and so Blood stagnates |
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Tongue shape
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1. Size (Enlarged, small & thin)
2. Surface changes (Prickles, cracks ulcerations) 3. Impression (Tough, tender) |
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Tongue Shape: Size
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Normal tongue size is regulated by body fluids
Dampness, phlegm or poisoning-->excess fluids fill up (ENLARGED tongue) Blood/Yin def-->not enough nutrition (SMALL tongue) Flabby tongue Swollen tongue Teeth marks Thin Tongue |
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Shape, Size: Enlarged tongue
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Dampness accumulation
Spleen and Kidney Yang def with dampness Tongue is wider than normal fluid accumulated in tongue body |
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Shape, Size: Swollen tongue
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Pathogenic heat invasion Heart and Spleen
Alcohol poisoning: purple and swollen Blood stasis: caused by chemical toxicity: darkish blue purple, swollen Qi, blood stasis in the tongue body due to heat enlarged both horizontally and vertically. can fill up the mouth and can be difficult to retract, in some cases the mouth cannot even shut |
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Shape, Size: Scalloped tongue (teeth marked)
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Dampness: (+pale and moist)
Spleen or Qi def: (+slight red) Water or dampness stagnates in the tongue enlarging the tongue body |
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Shape, size: Thin tongue
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Qi and blood def: + pale and thin coating
Yin def with heat: red with little or no coating Tongue body lacks nutrition |
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Shape, Tongue surface
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Tongue surface regulated by Qi, Blood and body fluids
Too much Qi and blood fills tongue body -->Prickled Tongue Not enough nutrition to nourish tongue surface --> Cracked Tongue |
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Shape, Surface: Cracked tongue
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Excess heat : deep red crack with dry coating
Yin def: red body with cracks but no coating Blood def: pale or slightly red body with cracks Spleen def with dampness: pale, enlarged with teeth marks and cracks on the edges malnutrition of the tongue body and eventual atrophy of the tongue surface |
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Shape, Surface: Prickled tongue
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Excess pathogenic heat
-Excess heat toxin: bright red with yellow coating -Pathogenic heat invasion into Ying and Xue levels: crimson red -Damp-heat accumulation accumulation of excessive pathogenic heat putrifies tongue's surface |
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Shape, Surface: Ulcerated tongue
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Heat toxin in the Heart channel: red with yellow coating
Def heat: cracked, red with scanty yellow coating heat flaming upwards accumulates on the tongue's surface and putrefies the tissue |
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Shape, Appearance of tongue body
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Regulated by Qi, Blood and body fluids.
body fluids consumed due to excessive heat --> tough tongue def fail to nourish or damp accumulates and obstructs --> tender tongue |
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Shape, appearance: Tough tongue
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Excessive heat syndrome
excessive pathogen invasion and struggle with vital Qi, causing Qi and Blood rise, consuming Qi and body fluids |
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Shape, appearance: Tender tongue
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Deficiencey syndrome
-Qi and blood def: tender and dry -Yang Qi def: tender and wet Qi and blood def or Yang def failing to transform drink into body fluids and generating cold damp which accumulates to cause tender tongue |
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Tongue bearing
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-Flexibility (stiff tongue, flaccid tongue)
-Abnormal bearing (shaking, deviated, protruding and licking) -Contractions (short tongue, loose tongue) |
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Bearing, Tongue flexibility
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Liver controls tendons
+ Body fluids and blood determines Tongue body and flexibility Tendon flaccid due to malnutrition --> flaccid tongue Tendon spasm due to insufficient nutrition --> stiff tongue |
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Bearing, flexibility: Stiff tongue
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Pathogenic heat invades the pericardium: crimson with dry, yellow coating
Turbid phlegm obstructs the meridians: flabby tongue with thick greasy coating Internal wind: slight red or green purple tongue Tongue tendon spasm due to malnutrition body has difficulty moving or turning. slurred speech and difficulty with eating |
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Bearing, flexibility: Flaccid tongue
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Severe Qi and blood def: pale and flaccid
Excessive pathogenic heat injures body fluids: crimson and flaccid Yin fluids exhausted: deep red and dry, flaccid and no coating tongue tendons and muscles lack nutrition |
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Bearing, Tongue movement
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Blood and body fluids nourish tendons and muscles which leads to normal tongue states
tendon spasm due to dryness -->protroduing and licking tongue tendon spasm due to wind or malnutrition-->shaking tongue |
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Bearing, movement: Shaking tongue
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Qi and Blood def, or Yang depletion: pale and flaccid
Internal wind due to extreme pathogenic heat: red Tendons spasm due to malnutrition |
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Bearing, movement: Deviated tongue
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Liver Yang rising: purple red
Blood def: pale Wind phlegm: thick coating Extreme heat: red tongue unilateral obstruction of the collateral causing Qi and Blood def |
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Bearing, movement: Protruding and licking
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Pathogenic heat in the Heart channel
Pathogenic heat in the Spleen channel heat creates dryness which leads to tendon spasms |
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Bearing, Tongue contraction
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Qi, Blood, body fluids and Zang fu make normal tongue
tendons couldn't contract due to malnutrition-->Loose tongue tendon spasm and contracted due to insufficient body fluids-->shortened tongue |
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Bearing, contraction: Shortened (contracted) tongue
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Critical condition
-Excessive pathogenic cold invades: pale with moisten coating -Turbid phlegm accumulation: flabby with greasy coating -Excessive pathogenic heat: red tongue with dry yellow coating -Spleen and Kidney failure, both Qi and Blood def: pale tenderness tongue and flabby |
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Bearing, contraction: Loose (protracted) tongue
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Excessive heat or heat phlegm
Qi def Tongue tendon couldn't contract due to malnutrition which may result in channel and collaterals obstruction or def |
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Hypoglossal Vessels
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2 thick bluish purple vessels can be seen. no branches or spots
Abnormal hypoglossal vessels: qi and blood stagnation |
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no tongue coating
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KD Qi failure
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Tongue Coating
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Color
Properies To detect depth of disease Identify the pathogenic factors and nature of disease (heat/cold) Reflect the stomach condition Location |
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Coating color: White tongue coating
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Exterior syndrome
Cold syndrome Location: Lung and Large intestine |
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Coating color: Yellow tongue coating
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Interior syndrome
Heat syndrome Location: Spleen and Stomach |
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Coating color: Gray Tongue coating
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Heat syndrome: dry and gray
Cold syndrome: moist and gray develops from white yellow coating |
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no tongue coating
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KD Qi failure
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Tongue Coating
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Color
Properies To detect depth of disease Identify the pathogenic factors and nature of disease (heat/cold) Reflect the stomach condition Location |
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Coating color: White tongue coating
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Exterior syndrome
Cold syndrome Location: Lung and Large intestine |
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Coating color: Yellow tongue coating
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Interior syndrome
Heat syndrome Location: Spleen and Stomach |
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Coating color: Gray Tongue coating
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Heat syndrome: dry and gray
Cold syndrome: moist and gray develops from white yellow coating |
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Coating color: Black tongue coating
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Extreme heat: dry and cracked
Extreme cold: moist and greasy Recent history of bismuth based medicines for indigestion evolves from gray or yellow coating |
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Tongue Coating Appearance
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Thickness
Moistness Viscosity Peeling Distribution Wax/ Wane Rooted |
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Coat appearance: Thin coating
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Seen clearly through coating
Weak pathogen Mild severity Initial stage Exterior mild disorder Normal, exterior/mild, easy Thin to thick : worse |
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Coat appearance: Thick coating
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Cannot be seen through coating
Strong pathogen Severe Later stage of disease Interior location Dampness, water or food or phlegm retention of stagnation Thick to thin: better |
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Coat appearance: Moistness
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helps to understand body fluid condition
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Coat appearance, moistness: Moist coating
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Normal condition, neither slippery nor dry
Sufficient body fluid Healthy person |
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Coat appearance, moistness: Dry coating
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Very dry without fluid on it
Injured or def body fluids Excess heat, Yin def, Yang def which failure transform water into body fluids, Exopathogenic dryness invades the lungs From moist to dry: worse |
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Coat appearance, moistness: Glossy (slippery coating)
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Covered with a transparent or semitransparent film of fluid, even to drop when stretching out tongue
Cold, damp, etc Zang Fu disorder Excessive damp (water) accumulation |
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Coat appearance, moistness: Rough coating
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Tongue coating granules very rough like sand, roughness feeling
Excessive heat |
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Coat appearance: Viscosity
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Appearance of tongue coating
Clean Moldy Greasy Can help identify the pathogenic factors as well as condition of water transformation Food stagnation, dampness or phlegm and water retention |
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Coat appearance, viscosity: Moldy tongue coating
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"Bean curd"
"Tofu" thick and patchy looks like mulch granules as small curd cottage cheese on tongue, easy to scrape off |
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Coat appearance, viscosity: Greasy tongue coating
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"Sticky coating"
thicker in middle and thinner in margins difficult to scrape off |
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Coat appearance, viscosity: Clean coat
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fine coating with a grainy appearance
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Coat appearance: Distribution
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Identify the location and stage of the disease
Even Uneven coating |
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Coat appearance, distribution: Even coating
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wide spread of pathogens in the body and stagnation of damp phlegm in middle-jiao
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Coat appearance, distribution: Uneven coating
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Anterior: Stomach qi def before the invasion of external pathogens to the internal organs of the body. Pathogen in interior but not deep
Posterior: Mild exopathogens invasion with Stomach function disorder One side: in between exterior and interior or in liver and gallbladder Absence on center: ST Qi, Yin or KD Yin insufficient, or def of all Yin, essence, Qi and blood |
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Coat appearance, Peeling: Partial exfoliative coating
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partial peeling of coating and no coating at the exfoliated part
KD Yin is exhausted and ST Qi fails to produce coating |
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Coat appearance, Peeling:
Mirror tongue |
No coating at all, as smooth and glassy as mirror
KD Yin is exhausted and ST Qi fails to produce coating |
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Coat appearance, Peeling: Geographic tongue
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Scattered peeling with borders that are raised about surface
KD Yin is exhausted and ST Qi fails to produce coating |
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Coat appearance, Peeling: Exfoliative like coating
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exfoliated part is somewhat rough and covered with new produced particles
KD Yin is exhausted and ST Qi fails to produce coating |
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Coating appearance: Wax
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Increase the thickness of the tongue coating
-from thin to thick :pathogenic factor getting stronger or invading deeper -from no coating to coating: ST qi recovered to understand the condition of ST Qi and the state of the right Qi as well as prognosis of the disease |
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Coating appearance: Wane
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Decrease the thickness of the tongue coating
-from thick to thin coat: right Qi overcome the pathogenic factor -from coat to no coat : Stomach Qi failure |
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Coating appearance: Rooted
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Under normal condition, tongue coating should attach with the tongue surface tightly and is relatively difficult to scrape or wipe off
Have ST qo and right Qi Good prognosis Can be seen in all stages of illness To judge state of pathogen and condition of right Qi and ST qi |
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Coating appearance: Non-rooted
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Coating looks like being put on the tongue, easy to be wiped or scraped off. Surface of tongue body looks very smooth after scraping off coating
No shen Stomach Qi failure Poor prognosis Only chronic and critical condition |
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Tongue body vs Tongue Coating
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Tongue body: judge condition of vita Qi and differentiating the nature of pathogenic factors (heat/cold)
Tongue coating: differentiating nature and location of pathogenic factors |
