Tomco Lymphatics

Front 1

What are the 3 body fluids and where are they located?

Back 1

Plasma (in blood vessels)
Interstitial fluid (in between cells)
Lymph (in lymph vessels, eventually returned to bloodstream)

Front 2

What are the components and functions of the lymphatic system?

Back 2

Lymphatic System
-Components
-Lymphatic vessels
-Lymphatic organs
-Lymphatic Cells
-Functions
-Return leaked plasma (interstitial fluid) to bloodstream
-Screen lymph for foreign substances (antigens)
-House lymphocytes that generate the immune response
-Transport dietary lipids

Front 3

What is the flow of lymph?

Back 3

Flow of Lymph:
Lymphatic Capillaries-Lymphatic vessels-Lymph nodes-Lymphatic trunks-Lymphatic ducts-Venous circulation

Front 4

What are Lymph Capillaries, what is the specialized type of Lymph Capillary?

Back 4

Lymph Capillaries
-Close-ended
-Overlapping endothelial cells form one-way flaps
-Occur most everywhere blood capillaries occur
-Absent from red bone marrow, CNS, and avascular tissues
-Lacteals
-Special lymphatic capillaries in the small intestines
-Pick up interstitial fluid, dietary lipids, and lipid-soluble vitamins
-GI lymph is called chyle

Front 5

What are Lymph Vessels?

Back 5

Lymphatic Vessels
-Receive lymph from lymphatic capillaries
-Valves prevent backflow in the low pressure system
-Two types
-Afferent: flow towards lymph nodes
-Efferent: flow away from lymph nodes

Front 6

What are Lymph Nodes?

Back 6

Lymph Nodes
Anatomy
-Afferent and efferent vessels
-Cortex and medulla
-Macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes
Functions
-Screen lymph for foreign antigens
-Initiate immune response
Locations
-Axillary (armpit)
-Inguinal (groin)
-Cervical (neck)
-Scattered throughout the body

Front 7

Explain the function of Lymphatic Ducts

Back 7

Lymphatic Ducts
-Return lymph to cardiovascular system
-Empty at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins

Front 8

What is Lymphedema?

Back 8

Lymphedema
-Edema due to lymph node obstruction
-Lymphatic filariasis: worms lodge in lymph nodes (e.g inguinal)
-Surgical removal of nodes, scar tissue within nodes
-Malignant tumors of nodes
-Extreme cases: Elephantiasis
-Common in Southeast Asia and Africa
-Edema is not operable or curable

Front 9

What are Lymphatic Nodules?

Back 9

Lymphatic Nodules
Structure
-Oval clusters of lymphatic tissue NOT surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
-Contain macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes
Functions
-Screen for and attack foreign antigens
Locations
-Tonsils: pharyngeal (adendoids), palatine and lingual
-Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
-Gastrointestinal, respiratory, genital and urinary tracts

Front 10

Explain Lymphatic Organs Structure, giving the name of the three organs.

Back 10

Structure
-Lymphatic tissue that ARE surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
-Contain macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes
Organs
-Lymph nodes
-Thymus
-Spleen

Front 11

What is the Thymus' function?

Back 11

-Function: Site for T-lymphocyte maturation
-Large in infants and young children, after puberty it shrinks
-Each lobe has a cortex and medulla
-Cortex contains immature T-cells
-Medulla contains mature T-cells

Front 12

Explain the function of the spleen.

Back 12

-Largest Lymphatic Organ
-Upper left quadrant of the abdomen
-White pulp
-Contains lymphocytes and macrophages
-Monitors blood for foreign antigens, initiates immune response when found.
-Red Pulp
-Functions as a blood reservoir
-Hemolysis (phagocytosis of old erythrocytes and platelets)
-Remove debris from blood