Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is "the Hole" and "the One" and who established it?
|
Atlas
Dens of Axis BJ Palmer |
|
|
BJ's concept of "Major Subluxation"
|
Displacements of spinal segment which is causing deterioration of the innate self healing power are only a few in the skeletal system in the body
|
|
|
4 components of a subluxation
|
1. Vertebral Misalignment
2. Foramen Occlusion 3. Nerve Pressure 4. Mental impulse transmission interference |
|
|
What is not present between occiput and atlas, and, atlas and axis?
|
Interarticular osseous locks
|
|
|
What is not present below axis?
|
No true or primary subluxation, with its four necessary elements, is present
|
|
|
What condition is only possible superior to inferior of axis?
|
A true primary subluxation cause upon which only an adjustment can be given
|
|
|
What condition is inferior to the axis?
|
A false and secondary misalignment efect that might need correction
Its cause is superior |
|
|
Definition of subluxation
|
An obstruction to healing
|
|
|
2 component model of subluxation
|
1. Kinesiopathophysiology
2. Neuropathophysiology |
|
|
Chiropractic should work
|
100% of the time
|
|
|
Chiropractic works if 4 things are present
|
1. Right Adjustment
2. Right Place 3. Right Time 4. Right Manner |
|
|
What is the "Right Adjustment"
|
Toggle recoil
II takes that force of the adjustment and uses it in the most beneficial manner |
|
|
What is the "Right Place"
|
Upper cervical area
Only area of the spine where a true subluxation can occur Area most vulnerable |
|
|
What is the "Right Time"
|
Determined by instrumentation
|
|
|
What is the "Right Manner"
|
Proper Line of Correction
Proper line of contact |
|
|
An adjustment should be
|
the exception to the rule
|
|
|
Definition of an Adjustment
|
To settle Rightly
|
|
|
What two things does the Specific Adjustment do?
|
1. Restores proper communication
2. Allows the True Creator to perform the healing |
|
|
All living things emit
|
Infrared radiation
|
|
|
What are infrared emissions a byproduct of?
|
Cellular metabolism
|
|
|
Increased activity causes
|
Increase Infrared emissions
|
|
|
What does the hypothalamus control and integrate?
|
the ANS
Body temperature via blood vessel vasodilation/vasoconstriction |
|
|
What do infrared emissions emit through?
|
the skin
|
|
|
How does the hypothalamus regulate temperature?
|
Input from peripheral thermoreceptors
|
|
|
Local skin temp determined by
|
the SNS, controlled by the hypothalamus
|
|
|
SNS keeps temperatures
|
within a narrow range bilaterally of less than or equal to 0.5 degrees
|
|
|
Temperature variations greater than 0.5 degrees
|
reflects abnormal neurological function
|
|
|
Two root causes of thermal asymmetries
|
Local inflammation
Neuropathophysiology |
|
|
How do we measure neurologic function?
|
Thermography
|
|
|
Who approved Titronics C3000?
|
FDA
|
|
|
How do you establish a pattern?
|
3 or more scans
10 min inbetween Graphs must match in shape at least 3 times |
|
|
What is the Thermography Protocol once a pattern has been established?
|
Scan
Adjust Wait 10-15 min Scan again |
|
|
What are some confounding factors to scanning?
|
Medications (vasodilators)
Local Inflammation (rash, acne, sunburn) Hair |
|
|
Benefit of thermography
|
Objective - Quantitative
Noninvasive |
|
|
Change in spinal canal diameter
|
Increase C1-L5
|
|
|
Change in spinal cord diameter
|
Decrease C1-L1
|
|
|
Change in IVF diameter
|
Increase C1-L5
|
|
|
Attached for Dura Mater
|
Foramen Magnum
Posterior bodies of C1-C3 Coccyx via filum terminale |
|
|
What is within the Medulla?
|
Fourth ventricle and nuclei of most cranial nerves
|
|
|
4 joints of Atlanto-axial articulation
|
1. Odontoid process
2. Transverse ligament 3. 2 articular processes |
|
|
Supportive ligaments of the atlanto-axial articulations
|
Five
1. 2 articular capsules 2. Anterior atlanto-axial ligament 3. Posterior atlanto-axial ligament 4. Transverse ligament |
|
|
Supportive ligaments of the atlanto-occipital articulation
|
Four
1. 2 articular capsules 2. Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane 3. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane |
|
|
Number of atlanto-occipital joints
|
2
|
|
|
Axial-occipital relationship consists of
|
2 ligaments
1. Alar (check) 2. Apical (odontoid) |
|
|
Absence of facet joints allows for
|
Considerable ROM
Relative instability Greater probability for health problems Greater possibility for solutions |
|
|
Largest movement of C0-C1
|
Flexion/extension
|
|
|
Head tilt to the right, atlas moves? axis moves? SP of axis moves?
|
to the right, right, left
|
|
|
Goal
|
Function before function
|
|
|
Brainstem controls and coordinates which basic life functions
|
Respiration
CV function GI function Equilibrium Support of the body against gravity (posture) |
|
|
What is the principle role of the brainstem in the control of motor function
|
to provide background contractions of the trunk and neck musculature and proximal portions of the limbs in order to provide support of the body against gravity
|
|
|
What did radionucleotide studies demonstrate
|
input from the upper cervical spine affects brainstem activity
|
|
|
Medullary Nuclei function as centers for which reflexes
|
HR
Blood vessel diameter Respiration Swallowing Vomiting Coughing Sneezing |
|
|
Which nuclei are in the posterior pons?
|
CN V, CN VI, CN VII, CN VIII
|
|
|
What two important areas are in the pons (beside the nuclei)?
|
1. Pontine sleep center
2. Respiratory center |
|
|
What does the vestibular apparatus do?
|
Detects orientation and movement of the head
|
|
|
Where does information about head orientation go?
|
from the neck and body to the vestibular and reticular nuclei in the brainstem
|
|
|
Where is the most important proprioceptive information for maintenance of equilibrium derived from?
|
Neck joint receptors
|
|
|
Where do C1/C2 proprioceptive fibers terminate?
|
Locus Ceruleus
|
|
|
What is the Locus Ceruleus?
|
a center of origin for the SNS
|
|
|
What information feed into mechonoreceptors?
|
Disc
Facet capsule Muscle spindle |
|
|
Trace mechnoreceptor information in the brain
|
MR to Cerebellum to Thalamus to Cortex to Hypothalamus
Cerebellum also feed info to the Vestibular nuclei |
|
|
What is under the umbrella of the hypothalamus
|
Pituitary (Hormone secretions affecting vascular system)
SNS (immune system, parychema, disc, blood vessels, muscle spindles) Periaqueductal grey (Pain infibition via opiate receptors) |
|
|
Functions of the Hypothalamus
|
ANS
Integrates info from viscera Intermediary btwn CNS and endocrine system Rage and aggression Body temp via ANS Hunger Thirst Wake and sleep patterns |
|
|
Autonomic NS
|
MOTOR
largely controlled by hypothalamus and BS |
|
|
Location of Superior Cervical Ganglion
|
posterior to internal carotid artery and anterior to C2 TP
|
|
|
Superior Cervical Ganglion fibers serve
|
Sweat glands - head
Smooth muscle - eye Blood vessels - head |
|
|
What does the TMJ feed into
|
Trigeminal cervical nucleus
|
|
|
What feeds into the vestibular nuclei?
|
Vestibule
Trigeminal cervical nuclei Cerebellum C1-C3 monosynapses |
|
|
What does the vestibular nuclei feed into?
|
Eyes via CN III, IV, VI
Spinal muscles for stability DMN of the Vagus (Viscera) |
