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Front 1

name the 4 components of subluxation as identified by bj palmer

Back 1

1-vertebral misalignment leads to
2-foramen occlusion leads to
3-nerve pressure resulting in
4-mental impulse transmission interference

Front 2

bj says...

Back 2

"condition superior to axis is a true primary subluxation cause upon which only an adjustment can be given. any condition inferior to axis is a false and secondary misallignment"

Front 3

right adjustment

Back 3

bj believed this was a toggle recoil which enabled the patient's innate to take the concussion force applied by the doctor in the most beneficial manner

Front 4

right place

Back 4

bj believed this was the upper cervical area, the only area where a true subluxation can exist

Front 5

right time

Back 5

bj used instrumentation to find the time that the patient was truly in a subluxated state.

Front 6

right manner

Back 6

bj believed that when a chiropractor makes an intervention into the nervous system they must make certain that it is done with the proper line of correction and the proper line of contact.

Front 7

basis for thermography

Back 7

all living things emit an infared radiation
IR emissions are a biproduct of cellular metabolism
increased activity raises IR emissions

Front 8

hypothalamus

Back 8

controls and integrates the ANS. controls heat loss rates by regulating vasodilation and vasoconstriction. local skin temps. are detnd. by SNS activity controlled by the hypothalamus.

Front 9

normal IR temp range

Back 9

around 0.5 degrees bilaterally. > 0.5 signifies local inflammation and abnormal neurologic fxn. (neuropathophysiology)

Front 10

thermography is...

Back 10

the only non invasive way to quantitatively measure neurologic function. (titronics C3000)

Front 11

establishing a pattern:

Back 11

requires 3+ scans
10 min b/n scans
graphs must match in shape at least 3X

Front 12

thermography protocol

Back 12

loosen collar
acclimate 10 min
scan
adjust if indicated
rest 10-15m
re scan

Front 13

thermography benefits

Back 13

-objetive measure for care
-demonstrates whether a neurologic change occurred with the adjustment
-allows for readjustment if necessary
-pts aren't over or under adjusted
non symptom based
practice builder

Front 14

spinal canal

Back 14

canal diameter increases from C1-L5

Front 15

spinal cord

Back 15

diameter decreases from C1-L1 (lgest part of the spinal cord is found in the smallest part of the spinal canal

Front 16

intervertebral foramina

Back 16

the IVFs increase in diameter from C1to L5

Front 17

the dura mater

Back 17

attaches to:
-foramen magnum
-post. vert. bodies of C1, C2,C3
-filum terminale at the coccyx

Front 18

odontoid process

Back 18

the tip of the odontoid abuts the lowermost portion of the pons and most of the medulla oblongata

Front 19

medulla oblongata

Back 19

connected by the pons to the midbrain and is continuous with the spinal cord. the medulla encloses the 4th ventricle and contains nuclei assc. with most of the cranial NN.

Front 20

atlanto-axial articulation is comprised of 4 jts.

Back 20

1-encapsulated pivot articulation b/n the post. aspect of the ant. arch of atlas and the ant. aspect of the odontoid process.
2-encapsulated pivot articulation b/n the post aspect of the odontoid process and the transverse lig.
3&4-two arthroidal joints b/n the articular processes of c1 and c2

Front 21

supportive ligaments

Back 21

1-two articular capsules
2-ant. atlantoaxial lig.
3-post. atlantoaxial lig.
4-transverse lig: a thick, strong band retaining contact b/n the odontoid and the ant arch that is firmly attached on the medial surface of the lateral masses.

Front 22

atlanto-occipital articulation:

Back 22

two condyloid joints and 4 supportive ligaments:
-2 articular capsules
-the ant & post atlantooccipital membranes.

Front 23

axial-occipital relationship

Back 23

consists of ligamentous attachments ONLY
-alar "check" lig.
_apical odontoid lig.
the absence of typical facet joints to guide and limit motion allows for considerable ROM but also renders the region relatively unstable.

Front 24

atlas biomechanics

Back 24

if atlas is moving normally, it will translate laterally toward side of head tilt.

Front 25

axis biomechanics

Back 25

if axis is moving normally, axis body/dens will follow atlas laterality and the SP will rotate AWAY from the isde of atlas laterality.

Front 26

the paradoxical tilt of atlas:

Back 26

when, during cervical flexion, occiput and atlas approach eachother.

Front 27

slight side:

Back 27

side gliding b/n occiput and atlas, a couple mm

Front 28

extreme example of slight side:

Back 28

burst/jefferson fracture: lateral masses move out and shear off!

Front 29

atlas is like a "restrictor plate", acting to keep...

Back 29

occiput and C2 in check.

Front 30

brainstem controls and coordinates the basic life fxns of:

Back 30

respiration, CV fxn, GI fxn, equilibrium & support of the body against gravity (posture)

Front 31

medulla oblongata controls:

Back 31

autonomic functions and relays nerve signals b/n brain & spinal cord.

Front 32

various medullary nuclei also fxn as centers for several reflexes such as:

Back 32

heart rate
blood vessel diameter
resp.
swallowing
vomiting
coughing
sneezing
(AUTONOMIC)

Front 33

the pons contains:

Back 33

nuclei for cranial NN> V, VI, VVII, VIII

Front 34

other important pontine areas include:

Back 34

pontine sleep center & respiratory center.

Front 35

the brainstem HAS motor function
t/f?

Back 35

TRUE

Front 36

mechanoreceptor cascade:

Back 36

mechanoreceptors>>>> cerebellum>>>thalamus>>> cortex>> hypothalamus (traffic controller, endocrine fxns, autonomics)

Front 37

hypothalamus control cascade:

Back 37

hypothalamus>>> pit. gland>>> hormone secretions>>> vascular system influence
hypothalamus>>> sympathetic nervous system
hypo.>>> periaquiductal grey>>> pain inhibition via opiate receptors

Front 38

vestibular nuclei go to:

Back 38

eyes
spinal muscles
MN of the vagus