Toefl Voca #1

Front 1

spontaneous combustion

Back 1

the burning of a mineral or vegetable substance caused by chemical changes inside it and not by fire or heat from outside

Front 2

in the meantime

Back 2

in the period of time between two times or two events

Front 3

profanity

Back 3

behaviour that shows a lack of respect for God or holy things

Front 4

subterranean

Back 4

underground, underneath

Front 5

terrestrial

Back 5

지구(상)의(opp. celestial, extraterrestrial), 육상의(opp. aquatic), 육생의
connected with the planet Earth
(of animals and plants) living on the land or on the ground, rather than in water, in trees or in the air

Front 6

onset

Back 6

beginning, start, inception

Front 7

pose

Back 7

(문제, 의문)을 제기하다, 제출하다
주다는 의미에서... present
pose a threst/danger/question/problem to

Front 8

on the strength of

Back 8

on the basis of
~의 기반으로

Front 9

intimidate

Back 9

fear, threaten, frighten, menace

Front 10

susceptible

Back 10

very likely to be influenced, harmed or affected by

Front 11

restrain

Back 11

limit, confine, restrict

Front 12

as long as

Back 12

on condition that
~ 한다면

Front 13

comprehensive

Back 13

including all, or almost all, the items, details, facts, information, etc., that may be concerned
이해력이 빠른, 포괄적인, 넓은, 종합적인

Front 14

cornerstone

Back 14

a stone at the corner of the base of a building, often laid in a special ceremony
the most important part of sth that the rest depends on

Front 15

crude

Back 15

1 simple and not very accurate but giving a general idea of sth
2 (of objects or works of art) simply made, not showing much skill or attention to detail
3 (of people or the way they behave) offensive or rude, especially about sex
4 (of oil and other natural substances) in its natural state, before it has been treated with chemicals

Front 16

perish

Back 16

die, pass away, be extinct, disappear, vanish

Front 17

arduous

Back 17

involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time

Front 18

encompass

Back 18

1 to include a large number or range of things
2 to surround or cover sth completely

Front 19

treadmill

Back 19

1 work or a way of life that is boring or tiring because it involves always doing the same things
2 an exercise machine that has a moving surface that you can walk or run on while remaining in the same place

Front 20

expedite

Back 20

to make a process happen more quickly

Front 21

apparatus

Back 21

the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task

Front 22

dispatch

Back 22

1. (formal) to send a letter, package or message somewhere
2. (formal) to deal or finish with sb/sth quickly and completely

Front 23

evacuate

Back 23

1. to move people from a place of danger to a safer place
2. to move out of a place because of danger, and leave the place empty

Front 24

viscous

Back 24

of a liquid thick and sticky

Front 25

corridor

Back 25

a long narrow passage in a building, with doors that open into rooms on either side

Front 26

sift

Back 26

1. to put flour or some other fine substance through a sieve/sifter
2. ~ through sth to examine sth very carefully in order to decide what is important or useful or to find sth important

Front 27

nimble

Back 27

1. able to move quickly and easily
2. (of the mind) able to think and understand quickly

Front 28

resilience

Back 28

the ability of people or things to feel better quickly after sth unpleasant, such as shock, injury, etc.

Front 29

graze

Back 29

1. (of cows, sheep, etc.) to eat grass that is growing in a field
2. to put cows, sheep, etc. in a field so that they can eat the grass there

Front 30

engulf

Back 30

1. to surround or to cover sb/sth completely
2. to affect sb/sth very strongly

Front 31

degradation

Back 31

1. a situation in which sb has lost all self-respect and the respect of other people
2. (technical) the process of sth being damaged or made worse

Front 32

analogous

Back 32

similar in some way to another thing or situation and therefore able to be compared with it

Front 33

intricate

Back 33

having a lot of different parts and small details that fit together
얽힌, 복잡한; 난해한

Front 34

elaborate

Back 34

1. very complicated and detailed; carefully prepared and organized
2. ~ on/upon sth to explain or describe sth in a more detailed way
3. [vn] to develop a plan, an idea, etc. and make it complicated or detailed

Front 35

disguise

Back 35

to change your appearance so that people cannot recognize you

Front 36

conformation

Back 36

(formal) the way in which sth is formed; the structure of sth, especially an animal
구조, 배치, 배열

Front 37

conducive to

Back 37

~에 도움이 되는

Front 38

detain

Back 38

1. to keep sb in an official place, such as a police station, a prison or a hospital, and prevent them from leaving
2. (formal) to delay sb or prevent them from going somewhere

Front 39

defy

Back 39

to refuse to obey or show respect for sb in authority, a law, a rule, etc.
무시하다, 도전하다, 반항하다

Front 40

ramification

Back 40

one of the large number of complicated and unexpected results that follow an action or a decision

Front 41

grievance

Back 41

~ against sb something that you think is unfair and that you complain or protest about
(특히 부당 취급에 대한) 불평 거리, 불만의 원인 (against); 불평(의 호소)

Front 42

prop up

Back 42

1 to keep sth standing or stop sth from falling by putting sth under or behind it
2 to support sth that is having financial, political, etc. difficulties
지주를 대다,지탱하다 support,stay

Front 43

massacre

Back 43

the killing of a large number of people especially in a cruel way
e.g. Boston Massacre

Front 44

inflamed

Back 44

1 (of a part of the body) red, sore and hot because of infection or injury
2 (of people, feelings, etc.) very angry or excited

Front 45

complication

Back 45

a thing that makes a situation more complicated or difficult
(흔히 pl.) 귀찮은 문제, 분규의 원인

Front 46

bite off more than one can chew

Back 46

힘에 겨운 일을 계획하다

Front 47

make the most of

Back 47

을 잘 이용하다, 최대한 활용하다

Front 48

lag

Back 48

[v] ~ behind sb/sth, ~ behind to move or develop slowly or more slowly than other people, organizations, etc.; trail

Front 49

temperate zone

Back 49

an area of the Earth that is not near the equator or the South or North Pole; 온대

Front 50

retina

Back 50

a layer of tissue at the back of the eye that is sensitive to light and sends signals to the brain about what is seen
망막

Front 51

proficient

Back 51

able to do sth well because of training and practice; 익숙한

Front 52

humanity

Back 52

1 people in general; 인류
2 the state of being a person rather than a god, an animal or a machine;
3 the quality of being kind to people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary; the quality of being humane인간성

Front 53

sedentary

Back 53

1 (of work, activities, etc.) in which you spend a lot of time sitting down
2 (of people) spending a lot of time sitting down and not moving
3 (technical) (of people or animals) that stay and live in the same place or area

Front 54

replenish

Back 54

to make sth full again by replacing what has been used

Front 55

intestine

Back 55

a long tube in the body between the stomach and the anus. Food passes from the stomach to the small intestine and from there to the large intestine.

Front 56

cliché

Back 56

a phrase or an idea that has been used so often that it no longer has much meaning and is not interesting

Front 57

vulnerable

Back 57

weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally

Front 58

don't let the name fool you

Back 58

don't let the name fool you

Front 59

magnificient

Back 59

extremely attractive and impressive

Front 60

canopy

Back 60

a cover that is fixed or hangs above a bed, seat, etc. as a shelter or decoration;

Front 61

amphibian

Back 61

any animal that can live both on land and in water. Amphibians have cold blood and skin without scales. Frogs, toads and newts are all amphibians.

Front 62

reptile

Back 62

any animal that has cold blood and skin covered in scales, and that lays eggs. Snakes, crocodiles and tortoises are all reptiles.

Front 63

two-way street

Back 63

서로 도와주는 상황(관계)

Front 64

captivity

Back 64

the state of being kept as a prisoner or in a confined space