Toefl

Front 1

ingenuity(n.) = cleverness (n.)

Back 1

• cleverness and skillfulness

Front 2

sincerity (n.)

Back 2

honesty

Front 3

faith (n.)

Back 3

• confidence or trust in a person or thing

• belief in God

Front 4

fluctuations (n.) = variations (n.)

Back 4

• continual change from point or condition to another

Front 5

extremes (n.)

Back 5

farthest from the center

Front 6

retreat (n.)

Back 6

the act of withdrawing, as into safety or privacy

Front 7

disruption (n.) = disturbance (n.)

Back 7

• disorder

Front 8

scores (n.) = large numbers

Back 8

a great many

Front 9

offshoot= branch

Back 9

• a branch or lateral shoot from a main stem, as of a plant.• a division or subdivision of the stem or axis of a tree, shrub, or other plant.

Front 10

alignment= positioning

Back 10

• an adjustment to a line; arrangement in a straight line.

• position (v.): to put in a particular or appropriate position/place to determine the position of; locate

Front 11

persist (v.) = endure(v.)

Back 11

• to last or endure tenaciously

•to continue to exist; last

Front 12

plethora(n.)= abundance (n.)

Back 12

•overabundance; excess

•an extremely plentiful or oversufficient quantity or supply

Front 13

haphazardly = without planning

Back 13

• in a haphazard manner; at random.

haphazard: characterized by lack of order or planning

Front 14

deliberately(adv.)

Back 14

on purpose; with clear intent

Front 15

cultivator(n.)

Back 15

• person or thing who cultivates

cultivate(v.): to prepare and work on (land) in order to raise crops

Front 16

ripe(adj.) X unripe (adj.)

Back 16

• completely matured

• immature

Front 17

eliminate (v.)

Back 17

• to remove or get rid of

Front 18

episodes = events

Back 18

• an incident in the course of a series of events, in a person's life or experience

Front 19

slashing

Back 19

slash (v.): to cut with with a violent sweeping stroke

slashing (adj.): sweeping /cutting

Front 20

hatred(n.)

Back 20

the feeling of one who hates

Front 21

discrimination (n.)

Back 21

• discriminate(v.): to make a distinction in favor of or against a person or thing on the basis of the group

• discrimination (n.): making a distinction

Front 22

racism(n.)

Back 22

• a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human racial groups determine cultural or individual achievement

Front 23

instigate (v.) = foment (v.)

Back 23

to cause by incitement

Front 24

viable (adj.)

Back 24

able to live and grow

Front 25

sensible (adj.)

Back 25

• logical

• significant in quantity, magnitude

Front 26

impractical (adj.) = unrealistic (adj.)

Back 26

• not realistic

realistic: interested in, concerned with, or based on what is real or practical

Front 27

estate(n.)

Back 27

a piece of landed property,

Front 28

monarch(n.)

Back 28

absolute ruler of a state or nation

Front 29

manor(n.)

Back 29

(in England) a landed estate or territorial unit, originally of the nature of a feudal lordship, consisting of a lord's demesne and of lands within which he has the right to exercise certain privileges, exact certain fees

Front 30

surplus(adj.) = extra(adj.)

Back 30

• being a surplus; being in excess of what is required

Front 31

sturdy(adj.)

Back 31

strongly built

firm, courageous

Front 32

deter(v.)= prevent (v.)

Back 32

•to discourage or restrain from acting or proceeding/to prevent

Front 33

deft(adj.)=expert(adj.)

Back 33

•dexterous; skillful; clever

•skillful or skilled

Front 34

brewing

Back 34

the occupation or business of producing beer, ale

Front 35

leach(v.)=filter(v.)

Back 35

•to dissolve out soluble constituents from (ashes, soil, etc.) by percolation/to cause (water or other liquid) to percolate through something/to percolate

•to pass through or as through a filter

Front 36

harden(v.)

Back 36

to make hard or harder/to make pitiless or unfeeling

Front 37

penalty(n.)

Back 37

something that is forfeited, as a sum of money

a punishment imposed for a violation of law or rule

Front 38

flavoring (n.)

Back 38

something that gives flavor

Front 39

medicinal(adj.)

Back 39

relating to medicine

Front 40

herb(n.)

Back 40

such a plant when valued for its medicinal properties, flavor, scent, or the like

Front 41

sole(adj.)

Back 41

being the only one; only

Front 42

burst

Back 42

(n.): eruption/explosion

(v.): to break, break open, or fly apart with sudden violence/explode

Front 43

flee(v.)

Back 43

to run away, as from danger

Front 44

vulnerable(adj.)

Back 44

capable of or susceptible to being wounded or hurt

Front 45

corpse (n.)

Back 45

• a dead body, usually of a human being.• something no longer useful or viable

Front 46

respectable (adj.)

Back 46

• worthy of respect or esteem

• of good social standing, reputation

• suitable or good enough to be seen or used

• moderate excellence; fairly good; fair

Front 47

admissible (adj.)

Back 47

• capable or worthy of being admitted

Synonyms: allowed, permissible

Front 48

affectionate (adj.)

Back 48

• showing, indicating, or characterized by affection or love

Synonyms: caring, friendly, loving, sympathetic, warm

Front 49

tolerant (adj.)

Back 49

forgiving, lenient

Front 50

stiffen (n.)

Back 50

• to make stiff

• to become stiff/ to become suddenly tense, rigid, or taut

Synonyms: solidify, strengthen, reinforce, stabilize

Front 51

extensive (n.)

Back 51

• wide, broad, expanded

• covering or extending over a great area

• lengthy

• far-reaching, comprehensive, thorough

Front 52

flattering(to) (adj.)

Back 52

• pleasing or gratifying

• full of praise and compliments

Front 53

formidable (adj.)

Back 53

• of discouraging or awesome strength, size, difficulty

• forceful, powerful

• causing fear, apprehension, or dread

Front 54

maddening (adj.)

Back 54

• driving to madness

Synonyms: exasperating, annoying, infuriating

Front 55

horde

Back 55

(n.):

• a large group, multitude, number, etc.; a mass or crowd

• any nomadic group

• a moving pack or swarm of animals

(v.): to gather in a horde

Front 56

congregate

Back 56

(v.):

• to come together; assemble, especially in large numbers

• to bring together in a crowd, body, or mass; assemble; collect

(adj.):

congregated; assembled; collective

Front 57

sheer numbers

Back 57

a great number of

Front 58

solitude (n.)

Back 58

• the state of being or living alone

• remoteness from habitations, as of a place; absence of human activity

• a lonely, unfrequented place

Synonyms: loneliness, isolation, emptiness, seclusion

Front 59

Interlude (n.)

Back 59

• an intervening episode, period, space

• any intermediate performance or entertainment, as between the acts of a play.

Synonyms: respite, idle, lull

Front 60

multitude (n.)

Back 60

• a great number

• the state or character of being many; numerousness.

Front 61

coloration (n.)

Back 61

appearance with regard to color arrangement or use of colors

Synonym: coloring

Front 62

timely (adj.)

Back 62

• occurring at a suitable time; opportune; well-timed

• occurring within an expected time frame; prompt

Front 63

lateral (adj.)

Back 63

• of or relating to the side; situated at, proceeding from, or directed to a side