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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List 5 reasons why closed reduction of coxofemoral luxation may be unsuccessful |
1. Intra-articular fracture 2. Muscle contracture 3. Soft tissue/hematoma in acetabulum 4. Inflammation of ligament of the head of the femur 5. Periarticular fibrosis |
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What is the reported reluxation rate following closed reduction? |
50% |
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List the 3 functions of the Ehmer sling |
1. Flex 2. Internal rotate 3. Abduct |
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What are the reported reluxation rates after use of an Ehmer sling after closed coxofemoral reduction? |
15-71% Highest if applied >5d after luxation |
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What percent of dogs with caudoventral hip luxations returned to normal function with closed reduction alone? |
80% |
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What is the eponym for ischioilial pinning? |
DeVita pin |
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What was the reported success and complication rate of ischioilial pinning? |
73% success rate 32% complication rate |
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What positioning of an ischioilial pin reduces the risk of reluxation? |
Slightly medial to the lateral eminence of the ischiatic tuberosity and placed adjacent to DAR |
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What is the reported complication after inserting the pin at the center of the ischium? |
Contact with sciatic nerve (75%) |
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List complications associated with ischioilial pinning |
1. Sciatic nerve injury 2. Pin migration 3. Relaxation 4. Damage to femoral head 5. Joint sepsis |
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What is the reported success rate after open reduction and stabilization for coxofemoral luxation? |
85% |
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List techniques for open reduction and stabilization of craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation |
a. Capsulorraphy b. Ischioilial pinning c. Prosthetic capsule d. Transposition of greater trochanter e. Transarticular pinning f. Toggle rod g. Fascia lata loop h. Ilio-femoral suture i. Deep gluteal tenodesis j. Transposition sacrotuberous ligament k. FHO l. TPO m. THR |
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What position should the hip be in when performing capsulorraphy? |
Internal rotation and abduction |
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What are the reported success rates of capsulorraphy after coxofemoral luxation? |
83-90% |
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Where are the screws placed for the prosthetic capsule technique for coxofemoral luxation? |
Left hip: 10 and 1 Right hip: 11 and 2 |
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What are the reported success rates after prosthetic capsule technique for coxofemoral luxation? |
66-100% |
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What is the reported success rate after transposition of the greater trochanter for coxofemoral luxation? |
84% |
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What are the landmarks for insertion of a transarticular pin for coxofemoral luxation? |
Third trochanter (normograde if closed, retrograde if open) |
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What is the reported success rate after transarticular pinning for coxofemoral luxation? |
80% - unsatisfactory outcomes in 40% dogs >20 kg |
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List complications associated with transarticular pinning for coxofemoral luxation |
i. Cartilage damage ii. Sciatic nerve injury iii. Pin migration iv. Perforation of the rectum v. Pin bending/breakage vi. OA |
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List the primary stabilizers of the coxofemoral joint:
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1. Ligament of the head of the femur 2. Joint capsule 3. Dorsal acetabular rim |
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List the secondary stabilizers of the coxofemoral joint:
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1. Acetabular labrum 2. Hydrostatic pressure by joint fluid 3. Periarticular muscles (deep, middle, superficial gluteal, iliopsoas, quadratus femoris, gemelli, int obturator, ext obturator) |
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How many of the primary stabilizers must be lost for coxofemoral luxation to occur?
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At least two |
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Of all joint luxations, what percentage are coxofemoral luxations?
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90% |
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What percentage of coxofemoral luxations are reported to occur secondary to vehicular trauma?
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85% |
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What percentage of coxofemoral luxations are bilateral in: 1) dogs and 2) cats?
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1) 6% in dogs 2) 9% in cats |
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What percentage of dogs with coxofemoral luxations have concurrent injuries? |
55% |
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What injury occurs more commonly in immature animals rather than coxofemoral luxation? |
Salter-Harris 1 fracture of capital physis |
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What percentage of hip luxations are craniodorsal? |
75% |
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What injury may accompany ventral and caudal coxofemoral luxations? |
Avulsion of the greater trochanter |
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List the position of the leg with a craniodorsal hip luxation |
External rotation, adduction, shortening |
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List the clinical findings with a ventral hip luxation |
Internal rotation, abduction, lengthening |
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What specific conditions should be evaluated on pelvic radiographs for coxofemoral luxation |
Acetabular/pelvic fractures Femoral head or neck fractures Slipped capital femoral physical fracture Hip dysplasia |
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Is conservative management without hip reduction ever acceptable in dogs and cats? |
Can work in cats – should reduce and stabilize if not bearing weight < 4-5 days. Never recommended in dogs |
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Within what time period should closed reduction of a coxofemoral luxation be performed? |
<72 hours |
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List indications for open reduction/stabilization |
Acetabular/femoral head fracture Luxation after closed reduction Concurrent injuries Chronic luxation |
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Is closed reduction for toggle rod stabilization using fluoro currently recommended?
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No – cartilage damage in 20% |
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What are the landmarks for toggle-pin fixation?
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Third trochanter to fovea capitis, through acetabular fossa |
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What is the reported reluxation rate after toggle rod stabilization for coxofemoral luxation?
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11% (6% if remove homemade toggles) (18.5-25% in other studies) |
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What approach is made to the hip for fascia lata loop stabilization?
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Caudolateral |
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What approach is made to the coxofemoral joint for ventral luxations?
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Dorsal |
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List techniques for open reduction and stabilization of ventral coxofemoral luxation
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- Prosthetic capsule - Toggle rod - Suture ventral acetabular ligament - Autogenous iliac crest shelf graft to augment VAR |
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In what percent of dogs with coxofemoral luxation does OA progress after intervention?
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55-62% |
