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Freedman's Bureau

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Established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the US Civil War.

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Scalawags

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Scalawags were Southern whites who Reconstruction and the Republican Party, after the American Civil War.

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Carpetbaggers

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A carpetbagger was a Northerner who moved to the South after the American Civil War, during the Reconstruction era (1865-1877)

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Ku Klux Clan

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A secret society organized in the South after the Civil War to reassert white supremacy by means of terrorism.

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Redeemers

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The southern wing of the Bourbon Democrats, the conservative, pro-business faction in the Democratic Party, who pursued a policy of Redemption, seeking to oust the Radical Republican coalition of freedmen, "carpetbaggers", and "scalawags".

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Exoduster

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A name given to African-Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas.

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Rutherford B. Hayes

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As the 19th president of the United States, Hayes oversaw the end of Reconstruction , began efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over after the Civil War.

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Reconstruction

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Refers to the period in the United States history immediately following the Civil War in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union.

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Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

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President Abraham Lincoln's conciliatory plan for the reunification of the United States.

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Wade-Davis Bill

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A bill proposed for the Reconstruction of the South written by two Radical Republicans.

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Black Codes

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Laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had had the intent and the effect of restricting African-Americans' freedom , and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.

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10 Percent Plan

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Ten-Percent Plan, which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union.

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14th Amendment

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The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.

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15th Amendment

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The 15th Amendment to the Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

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Sharecropping

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Sharecropping is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.

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Tenure of Office Act

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The Tenure of Office Act was a United States federal law (in force from 1867 to 1887) that was intended to restrict the power of the President of the United States to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the Senate. The law was enacted on March 3, 1867, over the veto of President Andrew Johnson.