Tn Academic Vocabulary Fifth Grade Social Studies Terms

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abolitionist

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a person who is in favor of abolishing especially slavery

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Amendments

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The act of changing for the better; improvement: “Society may sometimes show signs of
repentance and amendment” (George G. Coulton).
-> A correction or alteration, as in a manuscript.
-> The process of formally altering or adding to a document or record.
-> A statement of such an alteration or addition

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American Federation of Labor (AFL – Samuel Gompers)

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The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio in 1886 by Samuel Gompers as a reorganization of its predecessor, the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions. Gompers was the president of the AFL until his death in 1924.

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Austin Peay

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Austin Peay IV (June 1, 1876–October 2, 1927) was governor of the U.S. state of Tennessee from 1923 until his death

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Border states

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The term border states refers to the five slave states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and western Virginia that were on the border between the Northern Union states and the Southern slave states that formed the Confederate States of America.

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Boundaries (physical & political)

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Physical boundaries – features of the natural landscape that automatically create some separation between places.

Political boundaries – the lines that people and governments make up to separate countries, states, or smaller units

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Civil War (e.g., Frederick Douglas, Clara Barton, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses Grant, Justice Roger Taney, Abraham Lincoln

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Civil War – it was unquestionably the most important event in the life of the nation. It saw the end of slavery and the downfall of a southern planter aristocracy. It was the watershed of a new political and economic order, and the beginning of big industry, big business, big government. It was the first modern war and, for Americans, the costliest, yielding the most American causalities and the greatest domestic suffering, spiritually and physically. It was the most horrible, necessary, intimate, acrimonious, mean-spirited, and heroic conflict the nation has ever known.

Frederick Douglas – Frederick Douglass was one of the foremost leaders of the abolitionist movement, which fought to end slavery within the United States in the decades prior to the Civil War

Clara Barton – Clarissa Harlowe Barton (better known as Clara Barton) (December 25, 1821 –April 12, 1912) was a pioneer American teacher, nurse, and humanitarian. She has been described as having had an "indomitable spirit" and is best remembered for organizing the American Red Cross.

Robert E. Lee – 1807—70, general in chief of the Confederate armies in the American Civil War, b. Jan. 19, 1807, at Stratford, Westmoreland co., Va.; son of Henry ( "Light-Horse Harry" ) Lee.

Ulysses Grant – Ulysses S. Grant[1] (born Hiram Ulysses Grant, April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was an American general and politician who was elected as the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

Justice Roger Taney – Roger Brooke Taney (March 17, 1777 – October 12, 1864, name pronounced like Tawney) was the twelfth United States Attorney General and the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, from 1836 until his death in 1864, and the first Roman Catholic to hold that office.

Abraham Lincoln - Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809–April 15, 1865) was an American politician who was elected the 16th President of the United States (serving from 1861 to 1865), and was the first president from the Republican Party. Today, he is best known for ending slavery and preserving the Union through his supervision of the Federal (i.e., Northern) forces during the American Civil War.

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Confederate States of America (Jefferson Davis)

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The Confederate States of America (also referred to as the Confederacy, Confederate States, and CSA) was formed by eleven southern states of the United States of America between 1861 and 1865. The states included: South Carolina Mississippi,
Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina

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Debt/credit

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Debt - something owed to another : a thing or amount due
Credit - a balance in an account in a person's favor

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Great Depression

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The Great Depression was an economic downturn which started in 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s.

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Historical documents (Constitution, Bill of Rights, Declaration of Independence)

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Historical document – Historical documents are documents that contain important information about a person, place, or event

The Constitution – The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. It was adopted in its original form on September 17, 1787 by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and later ratified by state-selected delegates representing the people of the several states.

The Bill of Rights – The Bill of Rights is the term used to describe the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
The Declaration of Independence - The Declaration of Independence was an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies were independent of Great Britain. The Declaration was written chiefly by Thomas Jefferson.

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Hull House (Jane Addams)

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Hull House - one of the first social settlements in North America. It was founded in Chicago in 1889 when Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr rented an abandoned residence at 800 South Halsted Street that had been built by Charles G. Hull in 1856

Jane Addams - American social reformer and pacifist, cowinner (with Nicholas Murray Butler) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1931. She is probably best known as the founder of Hull House in Chicago, one of the first social settlements in North America

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Industrialization

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a process of social and economic change whereby a human society is transformed from a pre-industrial (an economy where the amount of capital accumulated per capital is low) to an industrial state (see Pre-industrial society).

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Labor laws

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the body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which addresses the legal rights of, and restrictions on, working people and their organizations.

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Levels of government

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Local, state, and national government

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Martin Luther King (Civil Rights)

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Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was the most famous leader of the American civil rights movement, a political activist, and a Baptist minister. In 1964, King became the youngest man to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (for his work as a peacemaker, promoting nonviolence and equal treatment for different races).

Civil Rights - Civil rights are the protections and privileges of personal liberty given to all citizens by law. Civil rights are distinguished from "human rights", "natural rights or "republican rights"—civil rights are rights that are bestowed by nations on those within their territorial boundaries, while natural or human rights are rights that many scholars claim ought to belong to all people.

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Primary/secondary sources

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Primary source - In historical scholarship, a primary source is a document or other source of information that was created at or near the time being studied, often by the people being studied.

Secondary source - Secondary sources is a term used in historical scholarship to refer to works of history written as synthetic accounts, based on primary sources and usually the consultation of other secondary sources.

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urbanization

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the increase over time in the population of cities in relation to the region's rural population. Urbanization has intense effects on the ecology of a region and on its economy