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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do you clean a probe with?
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3% peroxide
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What is angle lambdas sign when measured by Javal's perimeter method to obtain the true deviation from the gross deviation?
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for (+) angle lambda, add to the esotrope, subtract from the exo
for (-) angle lambda, subtract from the esotrope, and add to the exotrope |
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Is angle lambda measured monocularly or binocularly?
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always monocularly
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How do you get angle lambda by Charpentier's method? Who moves until the light source is centered? How do you get the true deviation?
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Examiner moves his head until the light source is centered. Read the value off the instrument and divide by two to get the gross deviation. Add angle lambda to the gross deviation for esotropes and subtract angle lambda for exotropes to get the true deviation.
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On the Krimsky test, if the corneal light reflex is nasal, is angle lambda positive or negative? Where is the pupil in this case? Is the patient eso or exo?
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nasal reflex- (+) angle lambda, pupil is temporal, patient is exo
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On the Krimsky test, if the corneal light reflex is temporal, is angle lambda positive or negative? Where is the pupil in this case? Is the patient eso or exo?
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temporal corneal light reflex- (-) angle lambda, pupil is nasal, patient is eso.
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What color does Maxwell's spot appear to be on a purple background?
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a red spot seen on a purple background
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What color light is absorbed by the macular pigment to create Maxwell spot?
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blue color light
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How far is the blindspot from the fovea? How far away is the blind spot in prism diopters?
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15 degrees temporal to fovea and 1.5 degrees superior to the fovea, 28 pd temporal and 3.0 pd superior
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Is Maxwell's spot an accurate measure of the fovea?
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No, because the macular pigment is 8-10pd wide yielding a large spot
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What level of fusion is tested by the Worth Four Dot Test?
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Level 1-simultaneous perception of nonfusable images
Level 2-superimposition NOT Level 3-steropsis |
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Which stereo test can test third degree fusion?
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randot or titmus fly
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Does parametric testing apply to gaussian or bimodal distribution?
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parametric applies to gaussian, bimodal applies to nonparametric testing
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Is IOP an example of gaussian or bimodal distribution?
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Gaussian
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Are myopia and hyperopia an example of gaussian or bimodal distribution?
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bimodal
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With regard to relative risk, what percent means you have the same risk as everyone else?
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1.0%
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With regard to relative risk, what percent means you have a 10 percent greater chance than someone else?
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1.1%
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With regard to relative risk, what percent means you have twice as much chance as someone else?
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2.0%
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How do you treat a patient who is 14 exo at distance and 4 exo at near and likes to read?
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BI prism or minus lenses
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How do you treat CE?
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enough minus lense power to reduce eso at near based on patients AC/A to normal
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How do you treat a basic eso?
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treat like a CI for near problems and a DE for distance
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How do you treat a vertical phoria?
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least amount of prism that will relieve diplopia
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What is a potential cause for PTC that is not a potential cause for papilledema?
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oral contraceptives
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How do you treat accomodative insufficiency?
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vision therapy to increase accomodative amplitude and facility, if the patient is unwilling to do VT, plus at near
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How do you treat CI?
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VT, if patient insists, BI prism but not a gurantee to alleviate symptoms.
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Which AREDS formulation would you recommend for a smoker?
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the lutein formulation because the beta carotene formulation increases the risk of lung cancer in a smoker
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What do you call the iron line at the head of pterygium?
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Stocker's line
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What shape is the conjunctival hyperplasia that is encroaching on the cornea in a pterygium?
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triangular
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When do you use ocular lubricants to treat a pterygium?
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when dellen is present to prevent corneal punctate keratitis
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What is the treatment for POHS?
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laser photocooagulation or membrane peel
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What is the f/u for POHS?
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72 hours of FA
1. 2-3 weeks 2. 4-6 weeks 3. 3 months 4. 6 months 5. then every 6 months |
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What vitamin deficiency causes causes toxic neuropathy in alcoholics?
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deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B-1) or pernicious anemia (a deficiency in B12 absorption)
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What do you call the yellow RPE spots that leak fluoroscein. also referred to as overlying areas of choroidal infarcts. They are indicative of a past hypertensive episode.
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Elschnig spots
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What do you call the linear areas of hyperpigmentation overlying areas of choroidal arteries and may be seen after healing of a hypertensive episode?
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Siegrist streaks
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Does hypertensive optic neruopathy have macular exudates in a stellate or hemistellate pattern around the macula?
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hemistellate pattern, a stellate pattern is in Leber's optic neuropathy.
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How do you treat angular blepharitis caused by moraxella?
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zinc sulfate ophthalmic solution
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How do you treat angular blepharitis caused by staphylococcus?
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bacitracin or erythromycin ointment
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What inflammatory condition results in a swollen temporal 1/3 of the upper eyelid causing an S curve to the upper eyelid?
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dacryoadenitis
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What finding would warrant an immediate referral in a patient with uveitis?
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endophthalmitis
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In what type of infection is pressure patching contraindicated?
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fungal infection
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What drug is contraindicated in sickle cell patients?
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oral acetazolamide might exasperate sickling
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What drug causes metabolic acidosis in diabetic patients?
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oral acetazolamide
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What conditions cause angioid streaks?
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PEPSI
Pseudoxanthoma Ehlers Danlos Pagets Sickle cell Idiopathic |
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With spectacles, 1D of aniseikonia equals what percent change in image size?
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1.5%
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With contact lenses, 1 D of aniseikonia equals what percent change in image size?
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0.5%
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Which lab test will remain positive for treponema even after syphillis has been cured
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FTA Abs
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What part of the heart becomes enlarged in syphillis?
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left ventricle, takes on the shape of a cow's heart
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What is the name for the characteristic bobbing of the head in sync with the heartbeat?
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De Musset's sign
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What CN palsy causes a head tilt to the opposite shoulder? Which eye is the higher eye?
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CN IV, the involved eye is higher
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What is the minimum amount of aniseikonia that can cause clnical symptoms?
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2-3.5 D
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If an RGP is warped, will the lensometer or the radioscope show the toricity?
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the radioscope and a keratometer will as well
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What drug might lead to moon face, cushings, and humpback in diabetics?
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systemic prednisone because it increases the amount of sugar hence more fat, hence a moon face
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What syndrome is characterized by the iris shaking back and forth?
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iridodynesis
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What is a normal ICP based on lumbar puncture?
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200-250
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What condition causes cessation of Bell's phenomenom leading to corneal exposure?
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chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
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At what time of day are RCEs worse?
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In the morning because epithelial edema loosens the epithelial adhesions while the patient sleeps
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How do you treat pediculosis?
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yellow mercuric oxide ophthalmic ointment bid for 1 week, vaseline (petrolatum ointment) bid for 1 week to smother parasites, e-mycin BIDx 2 wk, physostigimine qd x 1 week
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What is another name for pediculosis?
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phtyriasis
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What causes pediculosis?
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inflammatory reaction to toxic fecal and saliva excretions
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When do you followup a pediculosis?
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1 week
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What type of keratopathy is common in patients treated long term with glaucoma medications?
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band keratopathy
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What does a duplex doppler evaluate?
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carotid ultrasound
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What lab test is abnormal in thyroid eye disease
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abnormal TSH levels, T4 levels, T3 uptake
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How are Eaton Lambert and Myasthenia Gravis different?
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Increased muscle activity would make Eaton Lambert symptoms better, but would make myasthenia worse.
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What happens to muscles that are weak due to myasthenia when an ice pack is applied?
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they get stronger, the lid can retract, and the ptosis goes away temporarilly
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What drug is contraindicated in myasthenia gravis?
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steroids because they could cause a respiratory crisis
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How do you treat ocular symptoms of myasthenia?
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ptosis, patching or a ptosis crutch, then follow up in 1-4 days
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Which power contact lenses decrease the accomodative demand at near secondary to decreased vertex distance?
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plus lenses, hence myopes get the worst of incipient presbyopia.
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Why was their a 13 IOP in the good eye and a 19 IOP in the cataract eye?
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The high IOP was a Morganian cataract that started to leak. The visual prognosis was bad.
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According to OHTS, what IOP should be treated? Should all ocular hypertensives be treated?
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1. 24-32 mmHg
2. No, not all ocular hypertensive patients should be treated according to OHTS |
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Which study says that ALT is as good or better than pharmaceutical treatment?
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GLT
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Which study says that pharmaceutical treatment is better than trabeculotomy?
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CIGTS
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Between which muscles of the ciliary is the split seen in angle recession glaucoma?
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the circular and longitudinal muscles of the ciliary body
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Which stage according to the Scheie Classification for HTN retionpathy first presents with CWS and is a medical emergency?
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Stage III
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What three drugs might induce pigmentary maculopathies?
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plaquenil, tamoxifen, and thioridizine
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What causes a migraine with aura?
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spasm of the ciliary artery
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What is the term for the brief flashes of light associated with zig zag lines in migraine?
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scintillating scotomas
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What type of VF defect occurs in migraines with aura and how long?
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homonymous hemianopsias for 15-20 min
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How do you treat an anterior lattice lesion?
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prophylactic cryo
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How do you treat a posterior lattic lesion?
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laser
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What percent of patients get an RD from lattice?
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0.5%
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Where is the split in a retinoschisis?
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inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer
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What is the term for commotioe retinae of the posterior pole?
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Berlin's edema
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What percent of patients with retinoschisis will get a retinal detachment?
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11%
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How can you differentiate a retinoschisis from a serous retinal detachment?
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no shifting of fluid
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How do you treat toxoplasmosis? What if the patient has a sulfa allergy?
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pyrimethamine, if sulfa allergy use clindamycin
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What part of the retina does EOG test?
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retinal pigment epithelium
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What part of the eye does ERG test?
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retina or photoreceptors
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What condition would cause decreased VEP amplitude
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optic atrophy
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What condition would cause increased VEP latency differences between eyes?
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demylenating disease
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