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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cervical Vertebrae
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C1-C7; Transverse foramina, Small body, large vertebral foramina, Bifid spinous process that are small except C7 has "Vertebra Prominens"
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Atlas
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Two lateral masses connected by anterior arch & posterior arch. Sulcus for Vertebral artery on cranial surface
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Axis
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Dens on anterior superior surface (forms a pivotal joint with posterior surface of the anterior arch the atlas.)
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Thoracic Vertebrae
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T1-T12; Long transverse processes (length diminishes from T1-T12), Small vertebral foramina & circular in shape, Transverse articular facets (T1-T10 costal facets), Spinous processes long with a steep posteroinferior slope (overlaps the arch of the vertebra inferior to it)
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Lumbar Vertebrae
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L1-L5; Large bodies to support with, Vertebral foramina larger than Thor. & more triangular in shape, Transverse processes long and slender but NO costal facets, Spinous processes short and sturdy
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Sacrum
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5 fused vertebrae; Transverse processes fused forming pars lateralis, Spinous processes fused forming the median sacral crest, Anterior surface smooth and concave, Posterior surface smooth and convex, U-shaped Sacral Hiatus (used for anesthesia), 4 pairs of sacral foramina on both the anterior & posterior side for exit of the rami of the spinal nerves.
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Coccyx
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4 fused vertebrae, no pedicles, laminae, or spinous processes
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Atlantooccipital Joint
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A condyloid synovial joint that allows only for limited flexion and extension between occipital bone & Atlas
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Median Atlantoaxial joint
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Pivot joint b/w dens & anterior arch, Rotates head side to side (saying no)
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Zygapophyseal Joints
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Plane synovial joints formed by the apposing articular processes of adjacent vertebral arches. Allows for and control flexion, extension
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Intervertebral Discs
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Rounded tissue discs that joint the articulating surfaces of adjacent vertebrae to form a symphysis type of joint with limited movement. Disc accounts for 25% of length of vertebral column. No disc b/w C1&C2. Composed of layers of fibrocartilage (Annulus fibrosus) surrounding gelatinous inner core (Nucleus Pulposus)
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ALL
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Anterior Longitudinal Ligament: Strong, thick ligament extending from occipital bone to sacrum that covers and protects the anterior & lateral aspects of the bertebral bodies & intervertebral discs. Helps resist hyperextension (whiplash) of vertebral column.
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PLL
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Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Narrow ligament that runs along posterior side of vertebral bodies & discs. Helps resist hyperflexion of vertebral column. Herniation of Nucleus pulposus usually occurs laterally to free edge of PLL.
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Supraspinous Ligament
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Stretches across the tips of spinous processes. Thickened in cervical region to form ligamentum nuchae.
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Yellow Ligaments
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Ligamenta flava: Paired ligaments that connect adjacent laminae and help complete the posterior wall of the vertebral canal
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Trapezius
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O: Skull, Ligamentun nuchae, Spinous processes.
I: Scapula & Clavicle N: Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI) A: Elevation, Adduction, Extension & Rotation of the Scapula B: Transverse Cervical Artery |
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Latissimus Dorsi
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O: SP of lower thoracic & upper lumbar, Iliac Crest, Ribs
I: Humerus N: Thoracodorsal n. A: Adduction, Extension & Medial rotation of the humerus B: Thoracodorsal Artery |
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Levator Scapulae
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O: TP C1-C4
I: Medial Border of Scapula N: Dorsal Scapular Nerve A: Elevation & Downward Rotation of Scapula B: Dorsal Scapular Artery |
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Rhomboids
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O: SP
Major: T2-T5 Minor: C7 - T1 I: Scapula N: Dorsal Scapular Nerve A: Retraction & Downward Rotation of Scapula B: Dorsal Scapular Artery |
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Serratus Posterior Superior/Inferior
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O: SP
Superior: Lower Cervical & Upper Thoracic Inferior: Lower Thoracic & Upper Lumbar I: Ribs (2-5) (9-12) N: Intercostal Nerve A: Respiration B: Intercostal Artery |
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Splenius
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O: Ligamentum Nuchae & SP of Upper Thoracic
I: Occiput & Transverse Processes of Upper Cervical Vertebrae N: Dorsal Primary Rami A: Unilaterally flexes & rotates head & neck; Bilaterally flexes & extends head & neck B: Muscular Branch of Aorta |
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Erector Spinae
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L to M: Iliocostalis, Longisimmus, Spinalis
O: Sacrum, Ilium, SP I: SP (S), TP, Ribs (I & L) N: Dorsal Primary Rami A: Unilaterally laterally bend and rotate vertebral column; Bilaterally stabilizes and extends vertebral column. B: Muscular Branch of Aorta |
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Semispinalis
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O: TP
I: SP & Occipital Bone N: Dorsal Primary Rami A: Extend & Rotate head |
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Multifidus & Rotatores
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O: Sacrum, Ilium & TP
I: SP N: DPR A: Stabilizes Vertebrae B: Muscular Branch of Aorta |
