Tissues

Front 1

Define the term epithelium

Back 1

• Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and separates compartents
  
• It has no contact inhibition and forms cell-cell and cell-ECM junctions to fill any gaps between cells and covers surfaces effectively
  
• Epithelia have very good regenerative and adaptive powers

Front 2

Cell-Cell junctions

Back 2

• Desmosomes (adhering junctions provide firm anchorage
  
• Tight/occluding junctions seal intracellular spaces
• Gap junctions allow for cell-cell communication

Front 3

Cell-ECM junctions

Back 3

Hemidesmosomes

Front 4

List the types of simple surface epithelia

Back 4

• Squamous: e.g. Alveoli and Capillaries

Thin to allow for easy diffusion

• Cuboidal: e.g. Lining of nephrons

Perform secretion and absorption/pumping

• Columnar: e.g. Lining of the digestive tract

When ciliated, move mucus

Front 5

List the types of squamous epithelia

Back 5

• Squamous: e.g. Epidermis

Thick and layers can be sloughed off to allow new growth

• Cuboidal: e.g. ducts of sweat glands

Protection

• Columnar: e.g. Pharynx
• Protection and secretion

Front 6

Describe the epithelial components of the liver

Back 6

• Hepatocytes
• Arranged in rows (or cords) between blood vessels
• Multiple functions including secretion
• Support epithelial cells line the blood vessels and bile ducts

Front 7

Describe the epithelial components of the kidney

Back 7

• Epithelial cells
• Arranged into nephrons
• Multiple functions including filtration of blood and partial absorption of filtrate
• Support cells line the blood vessels and renal pelvis which receives toxic urine

Front 8

Consider the consequences of abnormal function of covering and lining epithelia

Back 8

• Over/Under proliferation
• Over/Under Secretion
• Loss of ciliary beat

Front 9

Define the term gland

Back 9

Glands are collections of multi or single cellular secretory epithelial cells

Front 10

Describe the basic functions of glandular epithelium

Back 10

Endocrine:

• Secretes into the blood, e.g. Adrenal Cortex

Exocrine:

• Secretes to surface, e.g. Sweat Glands

Front 11

Consider the consequences of abnormal glandular function

Back 11

• Over production - Pituitary Gigantism
• Under production - Pituitary Dwarfism

Front 12

Describe the basic function of fibres in connective tissue

Back 12

Fibres:

• Collagen - makes up to 30% body weight, flexible but inelastic with great tensile strength
• Elastic Fibres - protein elastin, stretch 1.5x length and returns to original shape, microfibrils and amorphous component, found in sheets, yellow in colour

Front 13

Describe the basic function of ground substance in connective tissue

Back 13

• Proteoglycans
• Hyaluronic Acid
• Glycoproteins

Front 14

Describe the basic function of loose connective tissue

Back 14

• fixed cells - fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells
• Transient cells - white blood cells

Front 15

Consider the consequences of abnormal function of connective tissue

Back 15

• blood/bone marrow - leukemia
• Loose/Dense - loss/abnormal fibres
• Cartilage - tear
• Bone - osteoporosis