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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 tissue types
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epithelial, connective, muscle, neural.
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types of cell attachments
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gap junctions, tight junctions, desmosomes
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characteristics of epithelial tissue
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1. tightly bound cells
2. one side faces outward, the other side faces inward. 3. avascular. 4. high rates of cell growth and division. 5. supported by a basement membrane |
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functions of epithelial tissue
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provide coverings and linings. Form glands.
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shape of epithelial cells
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squamous, cuboidal, columnar
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layering of epithelial cells
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simple, stratified, pseudostratified
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endocrine glands
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secrete hormones, ductless, secrete products into the bloodstream
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exocrine glands
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secrete sweat, oil, etc. have ducts. secrete products to the surface
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merocrine glands
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secrete products through exocytosis, vesicles are not affected. sweat glands
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holocrine glands
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the vesicles slough off of the cell containing their products. sebaceous glands
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apocrine glands
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the entire gland pinches off
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3 characteristics of connective tissue
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1. common origin, mesenchyme, embryonic cartilage.
2. generally vascular. 3. have an extracellular matrix. |
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types of connective tissue
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1. connective tissue proper: loose and dense
2. fluid: blood and lymph 3. supportive: bone and cartilage |
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fibers in connective tissue
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collagen, elastic, reticular
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cells of connective tissue proper
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fibroblasts, mesenchymal, melanocytes, adipocytes
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cells of bone
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osteoprogenitors, osteoblasts, osteocytes
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cells of cartilage
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fibroblasts, chondrocytes
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cells of blood
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erythrocytes, leukocytes
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cells of lymph
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leukocytes
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immune system cells
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mast cells, macrophages, leukocytes, lymphocytes
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types of loose connective tissue
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areolar, adipose, reticular
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types of dense connective tissue
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regular, irregular
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characteristics of cartilage (supportive connective tissue)
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1. avascular
2. surrounded by perichondrium 3. grow by dividing chondrocytes in the cartilage or dividing the fibroblasts in the perichondrium. 4. has a matrix made of collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans. |
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types of cartilage
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hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
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characteristics of bone (supportive connective tissue)
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1. very little ground substance.
2. lots of collagen laid by calcium salts. 3. vascular, blood vessels and osteocytes in tunnels called canaliculi. |
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what are membranes?
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coverings and separations that are formed by both connective and epithelial tissue
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mucous membranes
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1. line tubes (digestive, urinary) that lead outside
2. epithelia lined by areolar tissue/lamina propria 3. wet, either by mucous or fluid |
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serous membranes
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1. line subdivisions and organs of the ventral cavity. pleura, pericardium, peritonium/abdominopelvic.
2. folded double membrane, visceral (lines organ) and parietal (faces outside) 3. serous fluid (secreted by epithelial cells) fills spaces between folds. 4. |
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cutaneous membraness
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skin
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synovial membranes
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line joints
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fascia
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1. sheets of connective tissue
2. separate organs and layer of the body 3. protect and support organs 3. allow independent movement of organs and layers of the body. |
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layers of connective tissue
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-superficial: areolar, adipose
-deep: dense connective -subserous: areolar |
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3 main muscle types
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skeletal muscle, voluntary and striated
cardiac muscle, involuntary and unstriated smooth muscle, involuntary and unstriated |
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2 main nerve types
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dendrites- respond to stimuli
axons- transmit electrical impulses over long distances. |
