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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of Workload |
Physical contraction Secretory Metabolic |
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Physical contraction |
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
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Secretory |
Intestinal glands stimulated by food. Thyroid driven by thyroid stimulating hormone |
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Metabolic |
Induction of enzyme levels in Liver |
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Hypertrophy |
Increase in cell size in response to long term increase in workload |
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Atrophy |
Decrease in cell size in response to long term decrease in workload |
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Hyperplasia 1 |
Increase in cell number in response to long term increase in workload. Can only occur in tissues with actively dividing stem cells.- Not skeletal muscle or neurons |
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Hyperplasia 2 |
Driven by increased metabolic and endocrine stimuli; is reversible in normal physiological range. |
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Hypnoplasia |
Decrease in cell number in response to long term decrease in workload.
Can only occur in tissues with actively dividing stem cells.- Not skeletal muscle or neurons |
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Example; Weight training? |
Hypertrophy; Increased actin, myosin and mitochondria |
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Example; Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) |
Wall thickened by enlargement of cells, not increase in numbers |
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LVH; Pathological changes |
Excess hypertrophy of cardiac muscle results in work capacity exceeding oxygen supply and hypoxia. |
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Example; Adaptation to long term changes in metabolic work load
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Repeated dosage with barbiturate results in induction of increased amounts of Cyt p450 and more rapid oxidation of barbiturate.
Therefore a larger dose is needed to provide sleep. |
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Example; Thyroid Hyperplasia |
Reversible if the endocrine stimulus is removed but there is anincreasedrisk of cancerous transformation within the hyperplastic tissue.
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Example; Larynx Epithelium Metaplasia |
Abnormal change in the nature of a tissue.
Metaplasiais not a normal physiologic process and may be the first step toward neoplasia. |
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Example; Cervical Dysplasia |
Enlargement of an organ or tissue by the proliferation of cells of an abnormal type, as a developmental disorder or an early stage in the development of cancer.
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Neoplasm |
A new uncontrolled growth of cells that is not under physiologic control.
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