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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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9 functions of the skin
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1) physical protection from environment
2) Prevent body fluid loss 3) Insulation 4) Production of Vit D precursors 5) Regulation of body T 6) Provide sensory perception 7) Excretion of waste 8) Contribute to blood pressure regulation via peripheral vasoconstriction 9) Express emotions |
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Is the epidermis vasucalar or avascular?
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avascular
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Where in the skin are sensory nerves and autonomic motor fibers found?
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Dermis
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What is in the dermis and what is its function?
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Fatty connective tissue layer
Generates heat and provides insualtion which prevents hypothermia |
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What do eccrine glands and waht are they
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They are sweat glands
They regulate body T The only place they are not located is lip margins, eardrums, nail beds, inner surface of prepuce, and the glans penis |
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What are sebaceous glands?
What stimulates secretions |
Produce oily sebum which keeps hair and skin from drying out.
Secretions are stimulted by testosterone |
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Apocrine glands
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Secrete a sticky white substance in response to emotion
Secretiosn are odorless, but bacterial decomposition of these causes chartacteristic BO Located in the axilla , nipples, areola, anogenital area, eyelids, and external ears |
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In what people is BO a bigger deal
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Caucasian or African and less in asians and Indians(amerian_
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What is lanugo?
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The fine silky hair over shouders and backs of newborns
It is shed in 10-14 days after birth |
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What is vellus hair?
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Short, fine, soft, and nonpigmented
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What is terminal hair?
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Coarse, longer, thicker, and pigmented
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What is the eponychium?
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The cuticle an extension of the epidermis over the proxiaml part of the nail body
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What is the lunula?
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The round white area taht marks the endo do the nail matrix
Site of nail growth |
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What is the paronchyium
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Soft tissue surrounding the nail border
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What is the vernix caseosa?
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Mixture of sebum and cornified epidermis that covers the infant at birth
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How much terminal hair is present at birth?
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Nada
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In the infant how is the subcutaneous fat developed?
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Poorly and so they are at risk for hypothermia
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What is the function of eccrince glands in infants?
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Non-functioning
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What is cutis marmorate?
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Mottled appreance of skin as a result of changes in ambient temperature OCCURS IN INFANTS
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What is milia?
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Small whitish, discrete papules on the face common in the first 2-3 months of life. Caused by immature fucntion of sebaceous galnds which easily plug
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When do apocrine glands enlarge and become active?
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Adolescences
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When is there an increase in sebaceous gland activity?
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Adolescences
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WHen does terminal hair appear? Where?
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Axilla, pubic areas of both sexes and face of males
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Does blood flow change in preggers?
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Yes, there is an increased blood flow to the skin
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How are vascular lesions effected by preggers?
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Vascular lesions such as hemanigiomas and vascular spiders increase in size.
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How is eccrine and sebaceous gland activity effected?
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It is increased
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How is the epi and hypodermis effected by preggers?
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The skin thickens and there is increased fat deposited in hypodermis
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How is pigmentation effected by preggers?
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THere is increased pigmentation of the face, nipples, aerola, axilla, and vulva
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How is eccrince and sebacous gland activity effected in the elderly?
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it is decreased
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Describe the epidermis of the elderly
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thiner and less elastic
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Describe the hair on the scalp of the elderly
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it transitiosn from terminal to vellus
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How are the number of melanocytes in elderly effected?
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They decrease
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What is a healthy nail bed color?
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pink under normal conditions
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What is clubbing?
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Normally the angle between the nail plate and the
proximal nail fold should be approximately 160°. If the angle approaches or exceeds 180° and the distal finger appears thickened and enlarged, then clubbing is present. Associated with respiratory and cardiovascular disease. [FYI: Be concerned with chronic lung infections, malignancies, or interstitial lung disease] |
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What are Lindsay's mails?
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Proximal half white, distal half pink ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL DISEASE
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What are Terry's nails
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White except for the distal tip
Associated with CIRROHOSIS |
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What are Mee's Line
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Transverse white lines across the nail assoicated with acute illness or heavy metal poisoning
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What are Beau's Line?
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Transvers GROOVE where stress or illness temporarily interupts nail growth
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What is nail pitting associated with?
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Psoriasis
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What is Tic Habit?
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A central band of sharp horizontal gorroving extending to the tip of the nail. Associated with nail biting or picking
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What is sppon nail(Koilonychia)
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Central depression of the nail with lateral elevation of the nail plate produces a spoon like apperance associated with Fe deficiency anermia
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What is tinea Unguium:
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Fungal infection caused by dermatophytes Yello, brittle nail with oncholsis, nails often break or crumble
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Black or dark pigmented bands in nail?
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History is very important
A single black nail that suddenly appears an dis painless must be considered melanoma (Pigmented bands may be benign in coloreds but are very abnormal in caucasions If associated with trauma history and pain, consider subungal hematoma If painless green-black discoloration, considere peeudomonas infection |
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What is a macule?
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A circumscribed area of a change <1cm in diameter
It is a flat lesion Ex. Freckles |
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What is a patch?
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Circumscribed, flat lesion > 1cm diameter
ex. Cafe au lait spot |
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What is a papule
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Raised firm, <1cm diameter
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What is a nodule?
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A raised , firm, deeper 102 cm diameter
ex. erythema nodosum |
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What is a tumor?
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Raised, frim, >2cm diam
Ex. Neoplasm |
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What is a plaque?
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A raised firm with a flat-topped rough surface > 1cm Usually large surfaec area relative to height
Ex. Psoriasis |
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What is a wheal?
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Raised, soklid, transient, IRREGULAR SHAPED area of CUTANEOUS EDEMA with variable diameter
ex. hives |
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What is a vesicle?
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Raised, circumscribed, superficial, filled with SEROUS FLUID, <1cm
ex. varicella (chickenpox) |
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What is a Bulla-vesicle?
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A vesicle >1cm diameter
ex blister |
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What is a pustule?
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Raised, SUPERFICIAL, filled with PURULENT FLUID <1cm
ex. acne |
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What is a cyst?
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Raised, circumscribed, well-encapsulated in DERMIS or SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER filled with liquid of semi-solid material
ex. sebaceous cyst |
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What is Millia?
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Keratin filled cysts in the distal sweat gland
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What is an abcess?
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Accumulation of purulent material in the dermis or subcutaneous layer surrouned by inflamed tissues
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What is Comedo?
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A plug of sebum and keratin in the opening of a hari follicle
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What is a black head?
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A comedo with a dialated follicle opening
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Whatis a white head?
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Comedo with a closed follicle opening
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What is a Furuncle?
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Acute localized staphulococcal infection. Starts as a perifollicular abcess whick spreads to surrounding tissue producing a pustule with surrounding inflammation
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Whatis a carbuncle?
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A coalescence of several furuncles
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