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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hill's criteria have to do with what?
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causation
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if i reject the null hypothesis but the results are not statistically significant, what?
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type I error; level of alpha is 5%
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if p value is < alpha, what?
if p value is > alpha, what? |
reject null hypothesis; accept null hypothesis
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if i accept the null hypothesis but the results are statistically significant, what?
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type II error; level of beta is 20%
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when do we consider type I error? type II?
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after study; before study
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what does statistical power refer to?
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how big a study needs to be in order not to miss anything
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what is the probability of rejecting null hypothesis when it is false?
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1-beta=80%
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in follow up, wide range between best and worst case scenario indicates what?
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study is inadequate
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what is berkson's bias?
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patients getting care are not like general population
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what are neyman bias?
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errors WHEN we collect data
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when you can draw a vertical line across cases in a horizontal line diagram and almost always hit one kind of disease, what does that mean?
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prevalence-incidence bias; the disease is mil, or else it would be short because patient would die
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what is it called when an effect disappears after controlling for a variable?
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simpson's paradox
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ways to control confounding factors?
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restriction, randomization, stratification, multivariate analysis, and matching
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ways to control bias?
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rely on study design, standardize, blinding
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what is stratification?
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recall use of indirect and direct standardization
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what is hawthorne effect?
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production of workers improved solely because they knew they were being watched
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what is most robust clinical trial format?
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cross-over
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advantage of factorial study?
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can see if drugs are synergistic or antagonistic
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what is nnt?
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number needed to treat to actually treat 1 case of disease
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nnt formula?
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1/(adv. outcomes in placebo group - adverse outcomes in treated group)=nnt
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