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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define hyperthyroidism
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It is the clinical and biochemical syndrome that results when tissues are exposed to excessive quantities of thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism produces multiple system abnormalities because the hormoone affects all organs and the metabolic processes. Hyperthyroidism result from the excessive secretion of T4 (thyroxine) and/or T3 triiodothyronine)
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What makes the hormones T3 and T4 unique
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They contain Iodine molecules bound to the AA
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What is the role of Iodine in the body?
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It is essential to the thyroid gland for synthesis of its hormones.
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What regulates the secretion of T3 and T4
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSH |
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Explain negetive feedback and how it pertains to the thyroid
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TSH controls the relase of thyroid hormone, in turn the serum level of thyroid hormone determines the release of TSH. For example if the thyroid hormone concentration in the blood is decreased the release of TSH increases causing the release of T3 T4.
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What is the primary function of the thyroid hormone?
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To control the cellular metabolic activity.
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What is Calcitonin
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Another hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. It is secreted in response to high plasma levels of calcium, and reduces the plasma level of calcium by increasein its deposition in bone.
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Thyroid function tests
Serum T4 and T3 |
You will see an increase in T4 and T3 levels with hyperthyroidism.
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Thyroid function tests
TSH |
Measurement of the serum TSH levels is single best screening test of thyroid function as well as thyroid
hormone replacement therapy If problem is with thyroid gland (independent) TSH will be high as it is trying to stimulate the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone. If problem is secondary, TSH serum tests will be low |
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Thyroid function tests
T3 Resin uptake |
Measures the amount of thyroid hormone bound to TBG(thyroxine-binding globulin), and number of receptor sites. This test is a good indicator of the amount of thyroid hormone already present in circulation.
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Thyroid function tests
Radioactive Iodine (I123) Uptake |
Measures the radioactive iodine uptake by the thyroid gland.
Pt's with hyperthyroidiam exhibit a high uptake and pts with hypothyroidism exhibit a very low uptake. |
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Other diagnostic tests used are Ultrasound, CT and MRI. Why?
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they clarify or confirm results of other studies
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Independent or Primary
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Problem with the thyroid gland
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Dependent or Secondary
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Problem with the pituitary of hypothalamus
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Normal Function of the thyroid gland
Cardiovascular |
Maintains rate/force and output
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Hypo
S/S Cardiovascular |
Increased capillary fragility
Decreased pulse rate varied changes in BP Cardiac hypertrophy Weak contractility Distant heart sounds Anemia Tendency to develop CHF, Angina, MI |
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Hyper
S/S Cardiovascular |
Systolic HTN
Increased rate and force of cardiac contractions Bounding, rapid pulse Cardiac hypertrophy Dysrhythmias A-fib Angina |
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Normal function of thyroid
Respiratory |
Effects rate and O2 utilization
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Hypo
Resp |
Dyspnea
decreased breathing capacity |
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Hyper
Resp |
Increased resp rate
Dyspnea on mild exertion |
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Normal thyroid function
GI |
Promotes normal GI motility and tone. Increases secretion of digestive juices
Regulates the metabolism of CHO, Protein and fat |
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Hypo
GI |
Decreased appetit
N/V weight gain constipation distended abdomen enlarged, scaly tounge |
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Hyper
GI |
Increases appetite and thirst
(4-5000 kcal to maintain wt) weight loss increased peristalsis increased BS Splenamegaly Hepatamegaly |
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Normal thyroid function of
Integumentary |
Promotes normal hydration and secretory activity of skin
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Hypo
Integumentary |
Dry thick, inelastic skin
thick brittle nails dry, sparse, coarse hair Poor tugor generalized interstitial edema puffy face decreased sweating pallor |
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Hyper
Integumentary |
Warm moist smooth skin
Thin, brittle nails, detached from nail bed hair loss (may be patchy) Clubbing (due to low o2) Palmar erythema Diaphoresis |
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Normal function of thyroid
Musculosketetal |
Promotes normal muscular development and function. Promotes normal growth and maturation of the skeleton.
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Hypo
Musculoskeletal |
fatigue
weakness Muscular aches and pains slow movements arthralgia |
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Hyper
Musculoskeletal |
Fatigue
Muscle weakness, esp. proximal proximal muscle wasting dependent edema osteoporosis (ca+ is taken out of bones b/c of increased metabolism)Can lead to pathological fx |
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Normal function of thyroid
Nervous |
Promotes normal adult function of nervous system
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Hypo
Nervous |
apathy
lethargy forgetfulness slow mental process hoarseness slow, slurred speech prolonged relaxation of deep tendon muscles. stupor/coma paresthesias anxiety depression |
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Hyper
Nervous |
Difficultly in focusing eyes
nervousness fine tremor of fingers and tounge insomnia labile of mood, delirium restlessness personality changes exhaustion hyperflexia of tendon reflexes depression,fatigue,apathy lack of ability to concentrate stupor, coma |
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Normal function of thyroid
Reproductive |
Promotes normal female reproductive ability and lactation
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hypo
reproductive |
prolonged menstrual period
decreased libido infetility |
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hyper
reproductive |
menstrual irregularities
amenorrhea decreased libido impotence in men decreased fertility |
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HYPO-other
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increased susceptibility to infection
increased sensitivity to narcotic, barbituates and anesthesia intolerence to cold decreased hearing sleepiness GOITER |
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HYPER-other
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Intolerance to heat (pt is in catabolic state-produces more heat)
Increased sensitivity to stimulant drugs elevated basal temp LID LAG eyelid retraction GOITER rapid speech |
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Patho- hyper
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tumor or ca of thyroid gland
autoimmune disease Increased production of T3 T4 |
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Patho-hypo
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familial
lack of iodine in diet surgical or medical treatment of hyperthyroidism idiopathic decreased production of T3, T4 |
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Common medication to treat
hypothyroidism |
Synthroid. effects T4
should be given on empty stomach. Best practice is 1h before breakfast to help prevent insomnia |
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What is the most common disease resulting from hyperthyroidism
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Graves Disease
believed to be autoimmune |
