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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of ultrasound gel? |
Air reflects sound, so gel reduces signal loss |
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What can soundwaves not pass through? (2) |
- bone - gas |
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Between a cystic and a solid mass, which would demonstrate flow on an ultrasound doppler image? |
solid mass (needs blood) |
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Between amplitude and frequency, which is demonstrated by doppler coloration? |
frequency |
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A) Internal Jugular B) Carotid C) Right lobe of thyroid D) Trachea E) Isthmus of thyroid |
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What structure behind the trachea sits a little to the left? |
Esophagus |
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How does a cystic nodule differ from a solid nodule on ultrasound grayscale? |
Cystic is anechoic |
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How do benign thyroid nodules differ from malignant thyroid nodules under ultrasound? |
Benign nodules are: hyperechoic, well-defined, have colloid/microcrystals
Malignant nodules are: hypoechoic, ill-defined borders, and have microcalcifications |
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Is posterior acoustic enhancement characteristic of cystic or solid nodules? |
Cystic |
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How can a blood clot be differentiated from a tumor under ultrasound? |
Using doppler, blood clot would not have flow but a tumor would |
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What do colloid microcrystals in cysts look like? |
comet-tails |
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What are microcalcifications indicative of on a thyroid ultrasound image? |
psammoma bodies in papillary carcinoma |
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What kind of cancer is a nodule that is "taller than wide" on transverse ultrasound? (benign or malignant) |
malignant |
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Does comet-tail suggest benign or malignant? |
benign |
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Can fine needle aspiration determine adenoma versus carcinoma? |
No, resection would be necessary to see capsule infiltration |
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Is ultrasound indicated for thyroiditis? |
No |
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What is given as contrast for CT imaging? |
Iodine |
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What are Hounsfield units for fat, water, and soft tissue? |
fat = -50 water ~ +10 soft tissue = +40 |
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What are the most common type of adrenal neoplasia? |
adenoma |
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If a mass is lipid-rich, is it more likely to be an adenoma or a carcinoma? |
adenoma |
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How many Hounsfields units indicate that a mass is an adenoma and not a metastasis? |
<10 |
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Are adenomas better determinable under CT with or without contrast? |
without |
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What does a dropped signal on out-of-phase MRI indicate? |
lipid |
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How is contrast used to differentiate adenoma versus carcinoma under CT? |
Adenomas wash contrast out much faster than carcinoma |
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What does an Adrenal Protocol CT tell? |
Using contrast, it tells an adenoma from a metastasis. |
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What does the rule of tens mean? |
Pheochromocytoma is 10% familial, 10% are bilateral, 10% are malignant, 10% occur outside the adrenal gland. |
