Thyroid

Front 1

degenerative nodules within the thyroid

Back 1

Nodular hyperplasia

Front 2

Inflammation of the thyroid

Back 2

Thyroiditis

Front 3

Occurs as a compensatory enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from thyroid hormone deficiency

Back 3

Diffuse Nontoxic Goiter

Front 4

Viral infection of they thyroid that causes inflammation

Back 4

de Quervain's thyroiditis

Front 5

Autoimmune disorder of diffuse toxic goiter characterized by bulging eyes

Back 5

Grave's disease

Front 6

Cystic neck mass caused by malformatoin of they cervical thoracic lymphatic system

Back 6

cystic hygroma

Front 7

Enlargement of the lymph nodes

Back 7

Adenopathy

Front 8

Nodular enlargement of the thyroid associated with hyperthyroidism

Back 8

Multinodular carcinoma

Front 9

Oversecretion of parathyroid hormon, usually from a parathyroid adenoma

Back 9

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Front 10

Benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation

Back 10

adenoma

Front 11

Most common form of thyroid malignancy

Back 11

Papillary carcinoma

Front 12

Congenital anomalies that present in midline of the neck anterior to the trachea

Back 12

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Front 13

Remnant of embryonic development that appears as a cyst in the neck

Back 13

Branchial cleft cyst

Front 14

Disorder associated with elevated serum calcium level, usually caused by a benign parathyroid adenoma

Back 14

Hyperparathyroidism

Front 15

Rare, undifferentiated carcinoma occuring in middle age

Back 15

Anaplastic carcinoma

Front 16

Enlargement of parathyroid glands in patients with renal failure or vitamin D deficiency

Back 16

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Front 17

Chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland cuased by the formation of antibodies against normal thyroid tissue

Back 17

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Front 18

Occurs as a solitary malignant mass within the thyroid gland

Back 18

Follicular carcinoma

Front 19

Enlargement of multiple parathyroid glands

Back 19

Parathyroid hyperplasia

Front 20

Enlargement of the thyroid gland that can be focal or diffuse; multiple nodules may be present

Back 20

Goiter

Front 21

Neoplastic growth that accounts for 10% of thyroid malignancies

Back 21

Medullary carcinoma

Front 22

The thyroid straddles the trachea anteriorly, whereas the paired lobes extend on either side bounded laterally by the ____ arteries and ___ veins.

Back 22

carotid/ jugular

Front 23

Along the anterior surface of the thyroid gland lie the ___ muslces, including the sternothyroid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Back 23

strap

Front 24

The parathyroid glands are normally located on the ___ surface of the thyroid gland.

Back 24

posterior-medial

Front 25

The parathyroid glands are the ___ organs of the body.

Back 25

calcium-sensing

Front 26

The parathyroid glands produce ___ and monitor the serum calcium feedback mechanism.

Back 26

parathormone (PTH)

Front 27

When the serum calcium level ___, the parathyroid glands are stimulated to release PTH.

Back 27

decreases

Front 28

PTH acts on ___, ___, and intestine to enhance calcium absorption.

Back 28

bone/ kidney

Front 29

Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by ____, hypercalcuiria, and low serum levels of phosphate.

Back 29

hypercalcemia

Front 30

Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs when increased amounts of PTH are produced by an ___, primary hyperplasia, or rarely, carcinoma located in the parathyroid gland.

Back 30

adenoma

Front 31

Neoplastic growth that accounts for 10% of thyroid malignancies

Back 31

Medullary carcinoma

Front 32

The thyroid straddles the trachea anteriorly, whereas the paired lobes extend on either side bounded laterally by the ____ arteries and ___ veins.

Back 32

carotid/ jugular

Front 33

Along the anterior surface of the thyroid gland lie the ___ muslces, including the sternothyroid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Back 33

strap

Front 34

The parathyroid glands are normally located on the ___ surface of the thyroid gland.

Back 34

posterior-medial

Front 35

The parathyroid glands are the ___ organs of the body.

Back 35

calcium-sensing

Front 36

The parathyroid glands produce ___ and monitor the serum calcium feedback mechanism.

Back 36

parathormone (PTH)

Front 37

When the serum calcium level ___, the parathyroid glands are stimulated to release PTH.

Back 37

decreases

Front 38

PTH acts on ___, ___, and intestine to enhance calcium absorption.

Back 38

bone/ kidney

Front 39

Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by ____, hypercalcuiria, and low serum levels of phosphate.

Back 39

hypercalcemia

Front 40

Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs when increased amounts of PTH are produced by an ___, primary hyperplasia, or rarely, carcinoma located in the parathyroid gland.

Back 40

adenoma

Front 41

A chronic hypocalcemia caused by renal failure, vitamin D deficiency (rickets), or malabsorption syndromes is ____ hyperparathyroidism.

Back 41

secondary

Front 42

The thyroid gland is the part of the endocrine system that maintains body ____, ____, and _____ through the synthesis, storage, and secretion of thyroid hormones.

Back 42

metabolism, growth, development

Front 43

These hormones include triiodothyronine (___), thyroxine (___), and ____.

Back 43

T3, T4, calcitonin

Front 44

The mechanism for producing thyroid hormones is ___ metabolism.

Back 44

iodine

Front 45

The thyroid hormone is needed by the body, it is released into the bloodstream by the action of thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (___), which is produced by the pituitary gland.

Back 45

TSH

Front 46

The secretion of TSH is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing factor, which is produced by the ____.

Back 46

hypothalamus

Front 47

The concentration of calcium in the blood is decreased by ___, which first acts on bone to inhibiti its breakdown.

Back 47

calcitonin

Front 48

Low intake of iodine (goiter) in the body may cause ___, or the inability of the thyroid to produce the proper amount of thyroid hormone, or a problem in the pituitary gland that does not control the thyroid production.

Back 48

hypothyroidism

Front 49

The metabolic rate is dramatically increased by _____; clinical signs include weight loss, increased appetite, high degree of nervous energy, tremor, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, and palpitations, and many patients show signs of exophthalmos (protruding eyes).

Back 49

hyperthyroidism

Front 50

The function of the thyroid is determned by ____.

Back 50

nuclear medicine

Front 51

One of the most common forms of thyroid disease is ___.

Back 51

multinodular goiter

Front 52

congenital absence of the thyroid gland/ rare/ associated with crenitism

Back 52

Athyreosis

Front 53

puffy-appearing face, a dull look, and a large tongue that protrudes from the mouth, which is usually kept open/ Failure to thrive (FTT) is present

Back 53

Cretinism

Front 54

nonfuntioning thyroid gland

Back 54

euthyroid

Front 55

wedge shaped muslce post to thyroid

Back 55

longus colli muscle

Front 56

muscles anterior, lateral to thyroid

Back 56

sternocleidomastoid muscles

Front 57

group of three muscles that lie anterior to the thyroid

Back 57

strap muscles

Front 58

The thyroid is part of the ___ system

Back 58

endocrine

Front 59

Normal adult measurement

Back 59

40-60 mm length/ 20-30mm AP diameter/ 15-20 mm width
2-6 mm AP diameter isthmus

Front 60

Two causes of hyperthyroidism

Back 60

toxic adenoma or Graves disease
Other rare causes: trophoblastic disease, choriocarcinoma, or testicular carcinomas that secrete hcG or TSH

Front 61

area of decreased activity where little radioactive material is taken in (may be malignant)/ nodule is composed of cells which do not make thyroid hormone

Back 61

Cold nodule

Front 62

area of increased activity/ almost never malignant

Back 62

Hot nodule

Front 63

most common cause of goiter

Back 63

iodine deficiency

Front 64

Most commonly thyroid ca moves to ...

Back 64

lung, bones, and lymph nodes