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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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History
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Any external event outside of the experimental tx
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Examples: SES, Disaster
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Maturation
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Any internal change affecting the DV
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Examples: Hunger, fatigue, intellectual growth
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Testing
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Previous experience with a pre-test during post-test
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Examples: Previous experience with a pre-test during post-test
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Instrumentation
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Nature of measurement instrument changes from pre-test to post-test
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Examples: Rater's assessment abilities improve on the ADI, causing more accurate rating of severity than at post-test.
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Statistical regression
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Tendency of extreme scores to regress to the mean
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Examples: Very depressed people will naturally appear test as more improved over time
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Selection
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Pre-existing subject factors acct for chnages on the DV
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Examples: comparing two classrooms, one may have more atheletes, higher motivation, etc.
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Differential mortality
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People who drop out of the study are systematically different from those who remain in the study
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Examples: Those with bad side effects drop out of a drug study - make it look like the drug doesn't have bad side effects (only accts for those who stayed on)
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Experimenter bias Pygmalion effect Rosenthal effect
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Researcher may unconsciously communicate expectations to the Ss, or unconsciously makes scoring errors in the direction of supporting the hypothesis
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Example: Student grades moved in the expected direction when teachers were misled about their IQ potential
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