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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pectus Excavatum
Affects who the most? |
Anterior region of chest is concavely depressed
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Causes of Pectus Excavatum
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Intrauterine pressure on chest during dvlpt.
Abnormal Connective Tissue Dvlpt Abnormal diaphragm causes posterior retraction |
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What happens to lung volume if diagnosed with Pectus Excavatum
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Decreases
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Pectus Carinatum
Affects who the most? |
Sternum and Coastal Cartilages bulge out.
Boys |
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Causes of Pectus Carinatum
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Abnormal
sternal & anterior cartilage CT disorders |
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Associated conditions may include scoliosis and CHD
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Pectus carinatum
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Flial Chest
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unstable chest wall due double rib fracture on more than one side
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uncoupled part of chest wall is.......
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unopposed pleural pressures in paradoxial motion.
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arteries and spinal nerves are compressed
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thoracic outlet syndrome
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glue like
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endothoracic
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how do u avoid air from entering the lungs during surgical procedures
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separate along its fascia line to separate costal parietal peritoneum from the thoracic wall
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true ribs
attachment |
1-7
attach to sternum through their own coastal cartilage |
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false ribs
attachment |
8-10
coastal cartilages are connected to the rib above |
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floating ribs
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11 & 12
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Typical ribs
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3rd to 9th
head neck and tubercle & body |
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atypical ribs
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1, 2, 10-12
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1st rib
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broadest
shaprly curved shortest |
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2nd rib
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more typical than atypical
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10-12th rib
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NO Neck or Tubercle
only 1 facet on their head |
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1st Rib Fracture
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rare
compresses brachial plexus & subclavian vessels |
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Middle Rib Fracture
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most common
broken piece of rib can injure the internal organs |
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lower rib fractures
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can injure the diaphragm & causes hernia
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Dislocation of Ribs
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displacement of the coastal cartilage from the sternum
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separation of Ribs
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displaces rib from the coastal cartilage
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costal groove
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houses the Veins, Arteries, Nerves
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Thoracoplasty
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resection of the ribs; used to close off persistent pleural space
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intercoastal nerve block
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injecting local anesthethic agent to block nerve conduction
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3 parts of the sternum
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manubrium
sternum xiphoid process |
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angle of louis
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impt landmark
always use this to make sure at 2nd rib. |
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why do we not use rib 1 as landmark
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b/c some people have extra cervical ribs and could tell us the wrong rib upon palpation
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Sternum
Location: |
T5- T9
4 sternbrae fuse to form the sternal body |
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Xiphoid Process
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located at T10
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Sternal Fracture
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commonly occurs at sternal angle due to crush injury
comminuted fracture |
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Median Sternotomy
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access to thoracic cavity
coronary artery graft to remove superior lobe lung tumor |
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Sternal Biopsy
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bone marrow biopsy
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
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chronic inflammation of joints of the axial skeleton.
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lower back pain
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ankylosing spondilitis
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increasing volume of chest cavity
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depress dome of diaphragm
increase A/P dimension by raising anterior ends of rib 2 to 6 increase transverse dimension: by raising lateral part of the rib |
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bucket handle
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increase transverse dimension by raising lateral part of rib
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pump handle
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increase the a/p dimension by raising the anterior ends of ribs 2 to 6
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paralysis of the diaphragm
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affected diaphragm moves Superiorly during inspiration
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outer layer
hand in front pocket fibers originates from ribs above and inserts into ribs below |
external intercostal
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fibers directed inferiorly and posteriorly
hand in back pocket extends from sternum to angle of ribs posteriorly depresses ribs during expiration |
internal intercostal
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Inner most layer muscles
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separated from internal intercostals by VAN
fibers same as internal intercostal |
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diaphragm
Superior & inferior surfaces |
Separates btwn abdm and thoracic cavity
impt for inspiration superior: covered by parietal pleural inferior: covered by parietal peritoneum |
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Blood Flow
Right Azygous Left & accessory Hemi-azygous veins |
Right drains into the SVC
Left drains into Right then to SVC |
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shingles
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affects only the sensory area of the nerve and not the motor part
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